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  1. Acknowledging awareness: informing families of individual research results for patients in the vegetative state.Mackenzie Graham, Charles Weijer, Andrew Peterson, Lorina Naci, Damian Cruse, Davinia Fernández-Espejo, Laura Gonzalez-Lara & Adrian M. Owen - 2015 - Journal of Medical Ethics 41 (7):534-538.
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  • Stable value sets, psychological well-being, and the disability paradox: ramifications for assessing decision making capacity.L. Syd M. Johnson - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 4 (4):24-25.
    The phenomenon whereby severely disabled persons self-report a higher than expected level of subjective well-being is called the “disability paradox.” One explanation for the paradox among brain injury survivors is “response shift,” an adjustment of one’s values, expectations, and perspective in the aftermath of a life-altering, disabling injury. The high level of subjective well-being appears paradoxical when viewed from the perspective of the non-disabled, who presume that those with severe disabilities experience a quality of life so poor that it might (...)
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  • Interactive capacity, decisional capacity, and a dilemma for surrogates.Vanessa Carbonell - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 4 (4):36-37.
    In “Conscientious of the Conscious: Interactive Capacity as a Threshold Marker for Consciousness” (2013), Fischer and Truog argue that recent studies showing that some patients diagnosed as being in a vegetative state are in fact in a minimally conscious state raise various ethical questions for clinicians and family members. I argue that these findings raise a further ethical dilemma about how and whether to seek the involvement of the minimally conscious person herself in decisions about her care. There may be (...)
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  • Unlocking the Voices of Patients with Severe Brain Injury.Andrew Peterson, Kevin Mintz & Adrian M. Owen - 2022 - Neuroethics 15 (1):1-15.
    This paper critically examines whether patients with severe brain injury, who can only communicate through assistive neuroimaging technologies, may permissibly participate in medical decisions. We examine this issue in the context of a unique case study from the Brain and Mind Institute at the University of Western Ontario. First, we describe how the standard approach to medical decision making might problematically exclude patients with communication impairments secondary to severe brain injury. Second, we present a modified approach to medical decision making. (...)
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  • Indicators and Criteria of Consciousness in Animals and Intelligent Machines : An Inside-Out Approach.Cyriel Pennartz, Michele Farisco & Kathinka Evers - 2019 - Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience 13.
    In today’s society, it becomes increasingly important to assess which non-human and non-verbal beings possess consciousness. This review article aims to delineate criteria for consciousness especially in animals, while also taking into account intelligent artifacts. First, we circumscribe what we mean with “consciousness” and describe key features of subjective experience: qualitative richness, situatedness, intentionality and interpretation, integration and the combination of dynamic and stabilizing properties. We argue that consciousness has a biological function, which is to present the subject with a (...)
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  • “Popular Demand”—Constructing an Imperative for fMRI.Gabrielle Samuel - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 4 (4):17-18.
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  • The dissociation between command following and communication in disorders of consciousness: an fMRI study in healthy subjects.Natalie R. Osborne, Adrian M. Owen & Davinia Fernández-Espejo - 2015 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9.
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  • Ethics of neuroimaging after serious brain injury.Charles Weijer, Andrew Peterson, Fiona Webster, Mackenzie Graham, Damian Cruse, Davinia Fernández-Espejo, Teneille Gofton, Laura E. Gonzalez-Lara, Andrea Lazosky, Lorina Naci, Loretta Norton, Kathy Speechley, Bryan Young & Adrian M. Owen - 2014 - BMC Medical Ethics 15 (1):41.
    Patient outcome after serious brain injury is highly variable. Following a period of coma, some patients recover while others progress into a vegetative state (unresponsive wakefulness syndrome) or minimally conscious state. In both cases, assessment is difficult and misdiagnosis may be as high as 43%. Recent advances in neuroimaging suggest a solution. Both functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography have been used to detect residual cognitive function in vegetative and minimally conscious patients. Neuroimaging may improve diagnosis and prognostication. These techniques (...)
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  • An Ethics of Welfare for Patients Diagnosed as Vegetative With Covert Awareness.Mackenzie Graham, Charles Weijer, Damian Cruse, Davinia Fernandez-Espejo, Teneille Gofton, Laura E. Gonzalez-Lara, Andrea Lazosky, Lorina Naci, Loretta Norton, Andrew Peterson, Kathy N. Speechley, Bryan Young & Adrian M. Owen - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 6 (2):31-41.
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  • Include Objective Quality-of-Life Assessments When Making Treatment Decisions With Patients Possessing Covert Awareness.David Alan Klein & Margaret Russell - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 4 (4):19-21.
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  • Medical Decision-Making Capacity: High Stakes, Complex, and Fluid.Valerie Gray Hardcastle & Rosalyn W. Stewart - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 4 (4):21-22.
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  • Research Ethics in Conscious Subjects: Old Questions, New Contexts.Gidon Felsen - 2019 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 47 (4):768-770.
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  • The Persisting Problem of Precedent Autonomy Among Persons in a Minimally Conscious State: The Limitations of Philosophical Analysis and Clinical Assessment.Devan Stahl & John Banja - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 9 (2):120-127.
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  • Capacity: About Autonomy or Authorization?James A. Hynds & Kevin M. Dirksen - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 4 (4):23-23.
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  • Ethical Considerations in Ending Exploratory Brain–Computer Interface Research Studies in Locked-in Syndrome.Eran Klein, Betts Peters & Matt Higger - 2018 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 27 (4):660-674.
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  • Ethics, Neuroimaging and Disorders of Consciousness: What Is the Question?Martin M. Monti - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 4 (4):1-2.
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  • What Justifies the Allocation of Health Care Resources to Patients with Disorders of Consciousness?Andrew Peterson, Sean Aas & David Wasserman - 2021 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 12 (2-3):127-139.
    This paper critically engages ethical issues in the allocation of novel, and potentially costly, health care resources to patients with disorders of consciousness. First, we review potential benefits of novel health care resources for patients and their families and outline preliminary considerations to address concerns about cost. We then address two problems regarding the allocation of health care resources to patients with disorders of consciousness: (1) the problem of uncertain moral status; and (2) the problem of accurately measuring the welfare (...)
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  • Ethical and Clinical Considerations at the Intersection of Functional Neuroimaging and Disorders of Consciousness.Adrian C. Byram, Grace Lee, Adrian M. Owen, Urs Ribary, A. Jon Stoessl, Andrea Townson & Judy Illes - 2016 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 25 (4):613-622.
    :Recent neuroimaging research on disorders of consciousness provides direct evidence of covert consciousness otherwise not detected clinically in a subset of severely brain-injured patients. These findings have motivated strategic development of binary communication paradigms, from which researchers interpret voluntary modulations in brain activity to glean information about patients’ residual cognitive functions and emotions. The discovery of such responsiveness raises ethical and legal issues concerning the exercise of autonomy and capacity for decisionmaking on matters such as healthcare, involvement in research, and (...)
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  • Should Neuroscience Inform Judgements of Decision-Making Capacity?Andrew Peterson - 2018 - Neuroethics 12 (2):133-151.
    In this article, I present an argument that suggests neuroscience should inform judgments of decision-making capacity. First, I review key behavioral and neurocognitive data to demonstrate that neuroscientific tests might be predictive of decision-making capacity, and that these tests might inform clinical judgments of capacity. Second, I argue that, consistent with the principles of autonomy and justice, such data should inform judgements of decision-making capacity. While the neuroscience of decision-making capacity still requires time to mature, there is strong reason to (...)
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  • Brain–Computer Interfaces, Completely Locked-In State in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and End-of-Life Decisions.Christopher Poppe & Bernice S. Elger - 2024 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 21 (1):19-27.
    In the future, policies surrounding end-of-life decisions will be faced with the question of whether competent people in a completely locked-in state should be enabled to make end-of-life decisions via brain-computer interfaces (BCI). This article raises ethical issues with acting through BCIs in the context of these decisions, specifically self-administration requirements within assisted suicide policies. We argue that enabling patients to end their life even once they have entered completely locked-in state might, paradoxically, prolong and uphold their quality of life.
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  • Interface Cannot Replace Interlocution: Why the Reductionist Concept of Neuroimaging-Based Capacity Determination Fails.Ralf J. Jox - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience 4 (4):15-17.
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  • End-of-life Decisions for Patients with Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness in England and Wales: Time for Neuroscience-informed Improvements.Paul Catley, Stephanie Pywell & Adam Tanner - 2021 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 30 (1):73-89.
    This article explores how the law of England and Wales1 has responded thus far to medical and clinical advances that have enabled patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness to survive. The authors argue that, although the courts have taken account of much of the science, they are now lagging behind, with the result that some patients are being denied their legal rights under the Mental Capacity Act 2005. The article further argues that English law does not comply with the United (...)
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  • Assessing Decision-Making Capacity After Severe Brain Injury.Andrew Peterson - unknown
    Severe brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability. Following severe brain injury diagnosis is difficult and errors frequently occur. Recent findings in clinical neuroscience may offer a solution. Neuroimaging has been used to detect preserved cognitive function and awareness in some patients clinically diagnosed as being in a vegetative state. Remarkably, neuroimaging has also been used to communicate with some vegetative patients through a series of yes/no questions. Some have speculated that, one day, this method may allow (...)
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