Switch to: References

Add citations

You must login to add citations.
  1. (1 other version)The promise and perils of industry‐funded science.Bennett Holman & Kevin C. Elliott - 2018 - Philosophy Compass 13 (11).
    Private companies provide by far the most funding for scientific research and development. Nevertheless, relatively little attention has been paid to the dynamics of industry‐funded research by philosophers of science. This paper addresses this gap by providing an overview of the major strengths and weaknesses of industry research funding, together with the existing recommendations for addressing the weaknesses. It is designed to provide a starting point for future philosophical work that explores the features of industry‐funded research, avenues for addressing concerns, (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   23 citations  
  • (1 other version)Understanding Pharmaceutical Research Manipulation in the Context of Accounting Manipulation.Abigail Brown - 2013 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (3):611-619.
    The problem of the manipulation of data that arises when there is both opportunity and incentive to mislead is better accepted and studied — though by no means solved — in financial accounting than in medicine. This article analyzes pharmaceutical company manipulation of medical research as part of a broader problem of corporate manipulation of data in the creation of accounting profits. The article explores how our understanding of accounting fraud and misinformation helps us understand the risk of similar information (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   9 citations  
  • (1 other version)Drug Firms, the Codification of Diagnostic Categories, and Bias in Clinical Guidelines.Lisa Cosgrove & Emily E. Wheeler - 2013 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (3):644-653.
    The possibility that industry is exerting an undue influence on the culture of medicine has profound implications for the profession's public health mission. Policy analysts, investigative journalists, researchers, and clinicians have questioned whether academic-industry relationships have had a corrupting effect on evidence-based medicine. Psychiatry has been at the heart of this epistemic and ethical crisis in medicine. This article examines how commercial entities, such as pharmaceutical companies, influence psychiatric taxonomy and treatment guidelines. Using the conceptual framework of institutional corruption, we (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  • (1 other version)From Community to Commodity: The Ethics of Pharma‐Funded Social Networking Sites for Physicians.Amy Snow Landa & Carl Elliott - 2013 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (3):673-679.
    A growing number of doctors in the United States are joining online professional networks that cater exclusively to licensed physicians. The most popular are Sermo, with more than 135,000 members, and Doximity, with more than 100,000. Both companies claim to offer a valuable service by enabling doctors to “connect” in a secure online environment. But their business models raise ethical concerns. The sites generate revenue by selling access to their large networks of physician-users to clients that include global pharmaceutical companies, (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • (1 other version)Drug Firms, the Codification of Diagnostic Categories, and Bias in Clinical Guidelines.Lisa Cosgrove & Emily E. Wheeler - 2013 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (3):644-653.
    The profession of medicine is predicated upon an ethical mandate: first do no harm. However, critics charge that the medical profession’s culture and its public health mission are being undermined by the pharmaceutical industry’s wide-ranging influence. In this article, we analyze how drug firms influence psychiatric taxonomy and treatment guidelines such that these resources may serve commercial rather than public health interests. Moving beyond a conflict-ofinterest model, we use the conceptual and normative framework of institutional corruption to examine how organized (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  • Patients' participation in decision‐making in the medical field – ‘projectification’ of patients in a neoliberal framed healthcare system.Stinne Glasdam, Christine Oeye & Lars Thrysoee - 2015 - Nursing Philosophy 16 (4):226-238.
    This article focuses on patients' participation in decision‐making in meetings with healthcare professionals in a healthcare system, based on neoliberal regulations and ideas. Drawing on two constructed empirical cases, primarily from the perspective of patients, this article analyses and discusses the clinical practice around decision‐making meetings within a Foucauldian perspective. Patients' participation in decision‐making can be seen as an offshoot of respect for patient autonomy. A treatment must be chosen, when patients consult physicians. From the perspective of patients, there is (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  • Medical necessity under weak evidence and little or perverse regulatory gatekeeping.John P. A. Ioannidis - 2023 - Clinical Ethics 18 (3):330-334.
    Medical necessity (claiming that a medical intervention or care is – at minimum – reasonable, appropriate and acceptable) depends on empirical evidence and on the interpretation of that evidence. Evidence and its interpretation define the standard of care. This commentary argues that both the evidence base and its interpretation are currently weak gatekeepers. Empirical meta-research suggests that very few medical interventions have high quality evidence in support of their effectiveness and very few of them also have relatively thorough assessments of (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • Status, Respect, and Stigma: A Qualitative Study of Non-financial Interests in Medicine.Miriam Wiersma, Ian Kerridge & Wendy Lipworth - 2020 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 17 (2):203-216.
    Conflicts of interest in health and medicine have been the source of considerable public and professional debate. Much of this debate has focused on financial, rather than non-financial COI, which is a significant lacuna because non-financial COI can be just as influential as financial COI. In an effort to explore the nature and effects of non-financial, as well as financial COI, we conducted semi-structured interviews with eleven Australian medical professionals regarding their experiences of, and attitudes towards, COI. We found that (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  • (1 other version)The ICMJE Recommendations and pharmaceutical marketing – strengths, weaknesses and the unsolved problem of attribution in publication ethics.Alastair Matheson - 2016 - BMC Medical Ethics 17 (1):1-10.
    BackgroundThe International Committee of Medical Journal Editors Recommendations set ethical and editorial standards for article publication in most leading medical journals. Here, I examine the strengths and weaknesses of the Recommendations in the prevention of commercial bias in industry-financed journal literature, on three levels – scholarly discourse, article content, and article attribution.DiscussionWith respect to overall discourse, the most important measures in the ICMJE Recommendations are for enforcing clinical trial registration and controlling duplicate publication. With respect to article content, the ICMJE (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  • (1 other version)Physicians under the Influence: Social Psychology and Industry Marketing Strategies.Sunita Sah & Adriane Fugh-Berman - 2013 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (3):665-672.
    It is easier to resist at the beginning than at the end.– Leonardo da VinciPhysicians often believe that a conscious commitment to ethical behavior and professionalism will protect them from industry influence. Despite increasing concern over the extent of physician-industry relationships, physicians usually fail to recognize the nature and impact of subconscious and unintentional biases on therapeutic decision-making. Pharmaceutical and medical device companies, however, routinely demonstrate their knowledge of social psychology processes on behavior and apply these principles to their marketing. (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   25 citations  
  • (1 other version)Trust and Transparency: Patient Perceptions of Physicians' Financial Relationships with Pharmaceutical Companies.Joshua E. Perry, Dena Cox & Anthony D. Cox - 2014 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 42 (4):475-491.
    Financial ties between physicians and pharmaceutical companies are pervasive and controversial. However, little is known about how patients perceive such ties. This paper describes an experiment examining how a national sample of U.S. adults perceived a variety of financial relationships between physicians and drug companies. Each respondent read a single scenario about a hypothetical physician and his financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry; scenarios varied in terms of payment type of and amount. Respondents then evaluated the physician on several dimensions (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  • (1 other version)Rooting Out Institutional Corruption to Manage Inappropriate Off‐Label Drug Use.Marc A. Rodwin - 2013 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (3):654-664.
    Prescribing drugs for uses that the FDA has not approved — off-label drug use — can sometimes be justified but is typically not supported by substantial evidence of effectiveness. At the root of inappropriate off-label drug use lie perverse incentives for pharmaceutical firms and flawed oversight of prescribing physicians. Typical reform proposals such as increased sanctions for manufacturers might reduce the incidence of unjustified off-label use, but they do not remove the source of the problem. Public policy should address the (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   9 citations  
  • (1 other version)From Community to Commodity: The Ethics of Pharma-Funded Social Networking Sites for Physicians.Amy Snow Landa & Carl Elliott - 2013 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (3):673-679.
    In September 2006, a small start-up company in Cambridge, MA called Sermo, Inc., launched a social networking site with an unusual twist: only physicians practicing medicine in the United States would be allowed to participate. Sermo, which means “conversation” in Latin, marketed its website as an online community exclusively for doctors that would allow them to talk openly about a range of topics, from challenging and unusual medical cases to the relative merits of one treatment versus another. “Sermo enables the (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  • Scientism in Medical Education and the Improvement of Medical Care: Opioids, Competencies, and Social Accountability.Lynette Reid - 2018 - Health Care Analysis 26 (2):155-170.
    Scientism in medical education distracts educators from focusing on the content of learning; it focuses attention instead on individual achievement and validity in its measurement. I analyze the specific form that scientism takes in medicine and in medical education. The competencies movement attempts to challenge old “scientistic” views of the role of physicians, but in the end it has invited medical educators to focus on validity in the measurement of individual performance for attitudes and skills that medicine resists conceptualizing as (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • (1 other version)Physicians under the Influence: Social Psychology and Industry Marketing Strategies.Sunita Sah & Adriane Fugh-Berman - 2013 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (3):665-672.
    Pharmaceutical and medical device companies apply social psychology to influence physicians' prescribing behavior and decision making. Physicians fail to recognize their vulnerability to commercial influences due to self-serving bias, rationalization, and cognitive dissonance. Professionalism offers little protection; even the most conscious and genuine commitment to ethical behavior cannot eliminate unintentional, subconscious bias. Six principles of influence — reciprocation, commitment, social proof, liking, authority, and scarcity — are key to the industry's routine marketing strategies, which rely on the illusion that the (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   24 citations  
  • (1 other version)Trust and Transparency: Patient Perceptions of Physicians' Financial Relationships with Pharmaceutical Companies.Joshua E. Perry, Dena Cox & Anthony D. Cox - 2014 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 42 (4):475-491.
    Financial relationships and business transactions between physicians and the health care industry are common. These relationships take a variety of forms, including payments to physicians in exchange for consulting services, reimbursement of physician travel expenses when attending medical device and pharmaceutical educational conferences, physician ownership in life science company stocks, and the provision of free drug samples. Such practices are not intrinsic to medical practice, but as the Institute of Medicine described in its 2009 report, these relationships have the potential (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  • (1 other version)Rooting Out Institutional Corruption to Manage Inappropriate Off-Label Drug Use.Marc A. Rodwin - 2013 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (3):654-664.
    The Food and Drug Administration authorizes the marketing of a drug only for uses that the manufacturer has demonstrated to be safe and effective, based on evidence from at least two clinical trials. However, the FDA does not regulate the practice of medicine, so physicians may prescribe drugs in any manner they choose. Prescribing drugs in ways that deviate from the uses specified in the FDA-approved drug label, package insert, and marketing authorization is referred to as off-label prescribing. This occurs (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  • (1 other version)From Bad Pharma to Good Pharma: Aligning Market Forces with Good and Trustworthy Practices through Accreditation, Certification, and Rating.Jennifer E. Miller - 2013 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (3):601-610.
    This article explores whether the bioethical performance and trustworthiness of pharmaceutical companies can be improved by harnessing market forces through the use of accreditation, certification, or rating. Other industries have used such systems to define best practices, set standards, and assess and signal the quality of services, processes, and products. These systems have also informed decisions in other industries about where to invest, what to buy, where to work, and when to regulate. Similarly, accreditation, certification, and rating programs can help (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   2 citations  
  • Institutional Corruption and the Pharmaceutical Policy.Marc A. Rodwin - 2013 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (3):544-552.
    Today, the goals of pharmaceutical policy and medical practice are often undermined due to institutional corruption — that is, widespread or systemic practices, usually legal, that undermine an institution's objectives or integrity. In this symposium, 16 articles investigate the corruption of pharmaceutical policy, each taking a different look at the sources of corruption, how it occurs, and what is corrupted. We will see that the pharmaceutical industry's own purposes are often undermined. Furthermore, pharmaceutical industry funding of election campaigns and lobbying (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark  
  • (1 other version)Understanding Pharmaceutical Research Manipulation in the Context of Accounting Manipulation.Abigail Brown - 2013 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (3):611-619.
    Good decision-making requires reliable information. In medicine, relevant information comes from clinical trials and other forms of scientific research. In business, one source is in corporate annual financial statements. As for-profit, publicly traded companies whose business is discovering, manufacturing, and marketing drugs, pharmaceutical companies sit at the nexus of these two fields. Determining the safety and efficacy of a pharmaceutical product and determining the profitability of a complex enterprise are similarly difficult tasks: each is fraught with deeply ambiguous information that (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  • Dangers of neglecting non-financial conflicts of interest in health and medicine.Miriam Wiersma, Ian Kerridge & Wendy Lipworth - 2018 - Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (5):319-322.
    Non-financial interests, and the conflicts of interest that may result from them, are frequently overlooked in biomedicine. This is partly due to the complex and varied nature of these interests, and the limited evidence available regarding their prevalence and impact on biomedical research and clinical practice. We suggest that there are no meaningful conceptual distinctions, and few practical differences, between financial and non-financial conflicts of interest, and accordingly, that both require careful consideration. Further, a better understanding of the complexities of (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  • (1 other version)From Bad Pharma to Good Pharma: Aligning Market Forces with Good and Trustworthy Practices through Accreditation, Certification, and Rating.Jennifer E. Miller - 2013 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 41 (3):601-610.
    Could an accreditation, certification, or rating mechanism help the pharmaceutical industry improve both its bioethical performance and its public reputation? Other industries have used such systems to assess, improve, distinguish, and demonstrate the quality of their services, processes, and products. These systems have also helped increase transparency, accountability, stakeholder confidence, and awareness of industry best practices. This article explains how market forces can be harnessed to recognize and promote better bioethical performance by pharmaceutical companies when there are good systems to (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations