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  1. Self-control: Beyond commitment.Howard Rachlin - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):109-121.
    Self-control, so important in the theory and practice of psychology, has usually been understood introspectively. This target article adopts a behavioral view of the self (as an abstract class of behavioral actions) and of self-control (as an abstract behavioral pattern dominating a particular act) according to which the development of self-control is a molar/molecular conflict in the development of behavioral patterns. This subsumes the more typical view of self-control as a now/later conflict in which an act of self-control is a (...)
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  • Pain and behavior.Howard Rachlin - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (1):43-83.
    There seem to be two kinds of pain: fundamental pain, the intensity of which is a direct function of the intensity of various pain stimuli, and pain, the intensity of which is highly modifiable by such factors as hypnotism, placebos, and the sociocultural setting in which the stimulus occurs.
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  • Ghostbusting.Howard Rachlin - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (1):73-83.
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  • Is there such a thing as a problem situation?Kjell Raaheim - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):600-601.
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  • Beyond modularity: Neural evidence for constructivist principles in development.Steven R. Quartz & Terrence J. Sejnowski - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):725-726.
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  • Contingency-governed science.Robert R. Provine - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):494-495.
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  • Why self-control is both difficult and difficult to explicate.David Premack & Ann James Premack - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):140-141.
    The present intractability of and near intractability of make self-control a difficult topic.
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  • Operant conditioning and teleology.Douglas V. Porpora - 1980 - Philosophy of Science 47 (4):568-582.
    This paper defends the relevance of Taylor's (1964) critique of S-R behaviorism to Skinner's model of operant conditioning. In particular, it is argued against Ringen (1976) that the model of operant conditioning is a nonteleological variety of explanation. Operant conditioning is shown unable, on this account, to provide a parsimonious and predictive explanation of the behavior of higher level organisms. Finally, it is shown that the principle of operant conditioning implicitly assumes a teleological capacity, the admission of which renders the (...)
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  • On observing the unobservable.Ovide F. Pomerleau & Cynthia S. Pomerleau - 1988 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11 (4):692-692.
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  • Adaptive Skeletal Muscle Action Requires Anticipation and “Conscious Broadcasting”.T. Andrew Poehlman, Tiffany K. Jantz & Ezequiel Morsella - 2012 - Frontiers in Psychology 3.
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  • Linear and circular causal sequences.H. C. Plotkin & F. J. Odling-Smee - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):493-494.
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  • Nature and nurture revisited.H. C. Plotkin - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):695-696.
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  • Hereditary ≠ innate.Robert Plomin & Denise Daniels - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):694-695.
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  • Animal models of human communication.S. Plous - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (4):660-660.
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  • The behavior of self-control.Joseph J. Plaud - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):139-140.
    Rachlin's view of self-control as a sequence or chain of behaviors is contrasted with traditional behavioral analyses of self-control which emphasize a simplistic interpretation of the hyperbolic function relating small-sooner (SS) and larger-later (LL) reinforcers to specific behaviors. The validity of Rachlin's teleological analysis is examined in relation to the acquisition and steady-state performance of self-control behaviors. Central to an analysis of self-control is the functional difference between behavior under the control of SS and LL reinforcers, because SS-reinforced behavior is (...)
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  • Semicovert behavior and the concept of pain.Ullin T. Place - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (1):70-71.
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  • Critical realism, psychology and the legacies of psychoanalysis.David Pilgrim - 2017 - Journal of Critical Realism 16 (5):468-482.
    The discipline of psychology has been poorly represented in critical realist texts to date. This is despite Bhaskar’s use of psychoanalytical concepts to underpin his concept of the dialectic. By comparison, other aspects of social science, such as sociology and economics, have a well-established body of critical realist texts. The original approach to psychoanalysis was analogous to the critical realist ontological-axiological chain. It moved from an ontological problem to an axiological solution. Freud’s eagerness to reframe psychoanalysis within a scientistic, objective (...)
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  • Toward a mechanistic psychology of dialogue.Martin J. Pickering & Simon Garrod - 2004 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27 (2):169-190.
    Traditional mechanistic accounts of language processing derive almost entirely from the study of monologue. Yet, the most natural and basic form of language use is dialogue. As a result, these accounts may only offer limited theories of the mechanisms that underlie language processing in general. We propose a mechanistic account of dialogue, the interactive alignment account, and use it to derive a number of predictions about basic language processes. The account assumes that, in dialogue, the linguistic representations employed by the (...)
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  • The “ghosts” of iras past and the changing cultural context of religion and science.Karl E. Peters - 2015 - Zygon 50 (2):329-360.
    Beginning with our cosmic ancestors and the 1950s ancestors of Institute on Religion in an Age of Science, this essay highlights the wider, post-World War II cultural context, including other science and religion organizations, in which IRAS was formed. It then considers eight challenges from today's context. From the context of science there are the challenge of scale that leads us to question our place in the scheme of things and can lead to a challenge to morale concerning whether we (...)
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  • Self-Fulfilling Aspects of Unrealistic Assumptions in Management Theory.Verner C. Petersen - 2010 - Philosophy of Management 9 (3):27-48.
    The purpose of this paper is to take a critical look at some of the assumptions and theories found in economics and management and discuss their implications for the practices found in the management of business and in public management. Two sets of assumptions are of interest here. First and foremost, the assumption that economic agents are only actuated by self-interest, accompanied by assumptions about the motivating effect of pecuniary incentives and assumptions about the regulation of behaviour through rules, controls (...)
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  • B. F. Skinner and the flaws of sociobiology.Anthony J. Perzigian - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):693-694.
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  • Is there always a neurochemical link between pain and behavior?G. Pepeu - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (1):69-70.
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  • Communicative acts and drug-induced feelings.Irene M. Pepperberg - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (4):659-660.
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  • Spanning the transspecies gulf.Jaak Panksepp & Steve Siviy - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (3):446-447.
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  • Given the chance, the normal brain can casually avoid what it would otherwise intensely fear.Jaak Panksepp & Larry Normansell - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (4):682-683.
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  • Negative prompts aimed at maintaining eating independence.Alvisa Palese, Silvia Gonella, Tea Kasa, Davide Caruzzo, Mark Hayter & Roger Watson - 2019 - Nursing Ethics 26 (7-8):2158-2171.
    Background:Psychological abuse of older people is difficult to recognise; specifically, nursing home residents have been documented to be at higher risk of psychological abuse during daily care, such as during feeding. Healthcare professionals adopt positive and negative verbal prompts to maintain residents’ eating independence; however, negative prompts’ purposes and implications have never been discussed to date.Research aims:To critically analyse negative verbal prompts given during mealtimes as forms of abuse of older individuals and violation of ethical principles.Research design:This is a secondary (...)
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  • The syllogism of neuro-economics.Camillo Padoa-Schioppa - 2008 - Economics and Philosophy 24 (3):449-457.
    If neuroscience is to contribute to economics, it will do so by the way of psychology. Neural data can and do lead to better psychological theories, and psychological insights can and do lead to better economic models. Hence, neuroscience can in principle contribute to economics. Whether it actually will do so is an empirical question and the jury is still out. Economics currently faces theoretical and empirical challenges analogous to those faced by physics at the turn of the twentieth century (...)
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  • Thinking is a difficult habit to break.Geir Overskeid - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):138-139.
    Self-control is in the eye of the beholder. However, we speak of if a person has come to think conscious thoughts that change the motivational value of stimuli in the outside world. It is claimed that conscious thinking, and not habits bordering on compulsion, is behind self-control.
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  • Do We Need the Environment to Explain Operant Behavior?Geir Overskeid - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  • Where redescriptions come from.David R. Olson - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):725-725.
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  • Self-Ascription of Intention: Responsibility, Obligation and Self-Control.David R. Olson - 2007 - Synthese 159 (2):297 - 314.
    In the late preschool years children acquire a "theory of mind", the ability to ascribe intentional states, including beliefs, desires and intentions, to themselves and others. In this paper I trace how children's ability to ascribe intentions is derived from parental attempts to hold them responsible for their talk and action, that is, the attempt to have their behavior meet a normative standard or rule. Self-control is children's developing ability to take on or accept responsibility, that is, the ability to (...)
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  • Representational change, generality versus specificity, and nature versus nurture: Perennial issues in cognitive research.Stellan Ohlsson - 1994 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 17 (4):724-725.
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  • Lessons from the history of science?John M. Nicholas - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):530-531.
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  • Reticular-thalamic activation of the cortex generates conscious contents.James Newman - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (4):691-692.
    Gray hypothesizes that the contents of consciousness correspond to the outputs of a subicular (hippocampal/temporal lobe) comparator that compares the current state of the organism's perceptual world with a predicted state. I argue that Gray has identified a key contributing system to conscious awareness, but that his model is inadequate for explaining how conscious contents are generated in the brain. An alternative model is offered.
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  • Physiological substrates of a psychological dimension.Richard W. J. Neufeld - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (3):445-446.
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  • The control of consciousness via a neuropsychological feedback loop.Todd D. Nelson - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (4):690-691.
    Gray's neuropsychological model of consciousness uses a hierarchical feedback loop framework that has been extensively discussed by many others in psychology. This commentary therefore urges Gray to integrate with, or at least acknowledge previous models. It also points out flaws in his feedback model and suggests directions for further theoretical work.
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  • Skinner's philosophy of method.R. J. Nelson - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):529-530.
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  • On the content of representations.R. J. Nelson - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (3):384-384.
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  • Entity Realism About Mental Representations.Bence Nanay - 2019 - Erkenntnis 87 (1):75-91.
    The concept of mental representation has long been considered to be central concept of philosophy of mind and cognitive science. But not everyone agrees. Neo-behaviorists aim to explain the mind without positing any representations. My aim here is not to assess the merits and demerits of neo-behaviorism, but to take their challenge seriously and ask the question: What justifies the attribution of representations to an agent? Both representationalists and neo-behaviorists tend to take it for granted that the real question about (...)
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  • The evolution of punishment.Hisashi Nakao & Edouard Machery - 2012 - Biology and Philosophy 27 (6):833-850.
    Many researchers have assumed that punishment evolved as a behavior-modification strategy, i.e. that it evolved because of the benefits resulting from the punishees modifying their behavior. In this article, however, we describe two alternative mechanisms for the evolution of punishment: punishment as a loss-cutting strategy (punishers avoid further exploitation by punishees) and punishment as a cost-imposing strategy (punishers impair the violator’s capacity to harm the punisher or its genetic relatives). Through reviewing many examples of punishment in a wide range of (...)
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  • Some thoughts on the proper foundations for the study of cognition in animals.Lynn Nadel - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (3):383-384.
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  • Reinforcement of avoidance behavior.Arlo K. Myers - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (4):681-682.
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  • The metaphoric origins of objectivity, subjectivity, and consciousness in the direct perception of reality.Stanley A. Mulaik - 1995 - Philosophy of Science 62 (2):283-303.
    This paper utilizes the theories of metaphor of George Lakoff, Mark Johnson and Julian Jaynes to extend Jaynes' metaphor theory of consciousness by treating consciousness as an operator that works with 'covert behavior' so that humans can integrate temporally discontinuous percepts with concepts based on metaphoric extensions of the embodied schemas of direct and immediate perception and thereby transcend the limitations of direct perception. A theory of first-person expressions and covert behavior to account for self-conscious awareness as language-based is advanced. (...)
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  • Overcoming addiction through abstract patterns.Jesus Mosterin - 1995 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18 (1):137-138.
    You cannot overcome addiction or impulsiveness through abstract patterns alone. They show you the way to go, but do not fuel the effort. Some further variable is needed in the equation, some internal force or motivational mechanism, whatever its nature. Overlooking this leads to a neo-Socratic exaggeration of the role of cognition in selfcontrol.
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  • The function of phenomenal states: Supramodular interaction theory.Ezequiel Morsella - 2005 - Psychological Review 112 (4):1000-1021.
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  • Should we return to the laboratory to find out about learning?J. M. E. Moravcsik - 1984 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7 (4):529-529.
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  • Private states and animal communication.Chris Mortensen - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (4):658-659.
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  • Passive frame theory: A new synthesis.Ezequiel Morsella, Christine A. Godwin, Tiffany K. Jantz, Stephen C. Krieger & Adam Gazzaley - 2016 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 39.
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  • Homing in on consciousness in the nervous system: An action-based synthesis.Ezequiel Morsella, Christine A. Godwin, Tiffany K. Jantz, Stephen C. Krieger & Adam Gazzaley - 2016 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 39:1-70.
    What is the primary function of consciousness in the nervous system? The answer to this question remains enigmatic, not so much because of a lack of relevant data, but because of the lack of a conceptual framework with which to interpret the data. To this end, we have developed Passive Frame Theory, an internally coherent framework that, from an action-based perspective, synthesizes empirically supported hypotheses from diverse fields of investigation. The theory proposes that the primary function of consciousness is well-circumscribed, (...)
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