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  1. Understanding Shareholder Activism: Which Corporations are Targeted?Kathleen Rehbein, Sandra Waddock & Samuel B. Graves - 2004 - Business and Society 43 (3):239-267.
    This study provides preliminary empirical evidence that shareholder activists target companies because of their size as well as specific stakeholder-related practices. The data show that shareholder activists target companies with shareholder resolutions demanding changes in corporate behaviors for companies producing problematic products and where environmental concerns exist. Furthermore, companies in specific industries are targeted based on poor employee and community-related practices. Activists, that is, are selective in their targeting of companies, choosing the most visible (largest) companies and those whose practices (...)
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  • A Conceptual Framework for Online Business Protest Tactics and Criteria for Their Effectiveness.Kelly D. Martin & Beverly Kracher - 2008 - Business and Society 47 (3):291-311.
    In this article, the authors lay the foundation for the emerging area of research on online protest tactics mobilized against business. The authors offer a definition of online business protest tactics and distinguish them from related activities such as electronic civil disobedience and cybercrime. They also appeal to the interest-group literature as one theoretical foundation for this area of research. Based on the degree to which each tactic involves intrusion, disruption, or damage, the authors categorize the array of online business (...)
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  • The over-reliance on self-regulation in CSR policy.Gary Lynch-Wood, David Williamson & Wyn Jenkins - 2008 - Business Ethics: A European Review 18 (1):52-65.
    The view that CSR performance can be improved most effectively through external pressures is shown to be invalid for most firms. In exploring why this is the case, the authors demonstrate that most small and medium enterprises are not exposed to the same pressures as large firms, and that this undermines many of the assumptions that underpin the externally driven business case (EDBC) for voluntary CSR practices. The analysis does this by looking at the external drivers of one of the (...)
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  • Environmental Disclosure: Evidence From Newsweek’s Green Companies Rankings. [REVIEW]Jay P. Shimshack & Thomas P. Lyon - 2015 - Business and Society 54 (5):632-675.
    Corporate-level environmental information disclosure is increasingly common. This article studies the impact of a prominent media-generated sustainability ratings program, Newsweek’s 2009 ranking of the 500 largest U.S. firms. Using an event study methodology, the authors find the rankings had a significant impact on shareholder value. Firms in the top 100 experienced abnormal returns after the information release that were 0.6%–1.0% higher than returns of firms in the bottom 400. The form of the information released had significant effects as well. Nuanced (...)
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  • Carrotmob: A Win–Win–Win Approach to Creating Benefits for Consumers, Business, and Society at Large.Robert Mai, Stefan Hoffmann & Katharina Hutter - 2016 - Business and Society 55 (7):1059-1077.
    The call for business practices that create benefits for companies, customers, and society is getting louder. This article analyzes a new implementation of such a win–win–win approach: the carrotmob. Activists and managers jointly organize a shopping flashmob in which consumers collectively purchase the products of a target company to reward its intent to act more socially responsible. Given that carrotmobs are only efficient if they are supported by a critical mass of consumers, a survey study of 337 young consumers explores (...)
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