Abstract

Adaptive management (AM)—an approach that incorporates learning into decision-making—has long been recognized for its potential in conservation but remains underutilized due to the complexity of real-world ecological systems [2,3]. In a recent study, Canessa et al. [4] introduced a simulation-based approach to AM, integrating management strategy evaluation (MSE), a tool widely applied in fisheries, to inform recovery strategies for the endangered hihi (Notiomystis cincta), a forest bird endemic to Aotearoa-New Zealand.