Abstract
In the article we consider the relationship of traditional provisions of basic logical
concepts and confront them with new and modern approaches to the same concepts.
Logic is characterized in different ways when it is associated with syllogistics
(referential – semantical model of logic) or with symbolic logic (inferential –
syntactical model of logic). This is not only a difference in the logical calculation of
(1) concepts, (2) statements, and (3) predicates, but this difference also appears in
the treatment of the calculative abilities of logical forms, the ontological-referential
status of conceptual content and the inferential-categorical status of logical forms.
The basic markers or basic ideas that separate ontologically oriented logic from
categorically oriented logic are the (1) concept of truth, the (2) concept of meaning,
the (3) concept of identity, and the (4) concept of predication. Here, this differences
are explicitly demonstrated by the introduction of differential terminology. From
this differential methodology follows a new set of characterizations of logic.