In der Abhandlung wird zum estern Mal Nietzsches Auseinandersetzung mit der hellenistischen Philosophie, dem Epikureismus, dem Stoizismus und dem Skeptizismus, systematsich rekonstruiert. Alle drei Schulen sind relevant auch für Nietzsches Kritik der Moral und des Christentums. Epikur bietet Nietzsche eine existentielle Alternative zum Platonismus, selbst wenn er nicht mehr zum vorsokratischen Philosophieren, Nietzsches Idealtypus des Philosophierens, zurückkommt. Auch Nietzches Auseinandersetzung mit dem Stoizismus ist noch von der vorsokratischen Philosophie her bestimmt, vor allem durch heraklit. Stoische Argumente teilt Nietzsche auch in (...) seiner Kritik des Mitleids. Bei Pyrrho erkennt Nietzsche eine negative Form des Nihilismus. Dennoch bleibt ein unüberwindliche Distanz zwischen den verschiedenen Konzeptionen des Weisen in der hellenistischen Philosophie und Nietzsches Entwurf des Übermenschen - sie liegt im hellenistischen Eudämonismus.In the paper Nietzsche's consideration of the Hellenistic Philosophy, of the Epicureanism, Soticism, and the Scepticisms in for the first time symmetrically reconstructed. The three schools are significant for Nietzsche's critic of morals and Christianity, too. Epicurus gives to Nietzsche an existential alternative to the Platonism, even thought he doesn't come back to the presocratic manner of doing philosophy, Nietzche's ideal typos. Nietzsche's confrontation with the Stoicism is characterized by the presocratic Philosophy, too, above all by Heraclitus. Nietzsche shares also Stoic Arguments in his critic of compassion. In Pyrrho Nietzsche identifies a negative form of nihilism. All the same remains an insuperable distance between the various conceptions of the wise in the Hellenistic Philosophy and Nietzsche's model of teh overman, distance that could be found in the Hellenistic Eudemonism. (shrink)

Nietzsche's opinions on philosophy and aesthetics developed under strong and lasting impulses from classical antiquity. These were not always the same, for at various periods in his life Nietzsche placed Heraclitus, Empedocles, Aeschylus, and even Socrates and Plato on the highest summit of wisdom. In his so-called first stage of development the pre-Socratics were generally his favourite thinkers, and in the third and last stage these same figures tend to come into prominence again. On the other hand, in the works (...) of Nietzsche's second, rationalistic period, when he was particularly influenced by Comte, Voltaire, and Darwin, Socrates and Plato—usually so hated and despised—are mentioned with affection, with gratitude or even with warm enthusiasm; and so, over and over again, is Epicurus. (shrink)

This chapter contains sections titled: The School in the Garden Prehistory and the Rise of Cities The Locus Amoenus and the Origins of Agriculture Diogenes of Oinoanda and the Future Epicurean Golden Age Notes.