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  1. The impact of banality, risky shift and escalating commitment on ethical decision making.Robert W. Armstrong, Robert J. Williams & J. Douglas Barrett - 2004 - Journal of Business Ethics 53 (4):365-370.
    This paper posits that organizational variables are the factors that lead to the moral decline of companies like Enron and Worldcom. The individuals involved created environments within the organizations that precipitated a spiral of unethical decision-making. It is proposed that at the executive level, it is the organizational factors associated with power and decision-making that have the critical influence on moral and ethical behavior. The study has used variables that were deemed to be surrogate measures of the ethical violations (OSHA (...)
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  • Leaders as moral role models: The case of John gutfreund at Salomon Brothers. [REVIEW]Ronald R. Sims & Johannes Brinkman - 2002 - Journal of Business Ethics 35 (4):327-339.
    The paper describes and discusses unethical behavior in organizations, as a result of (interacting) disputable leadership and ethical climate. This paper presents and analyzes the well-known bond trading scandal at Salomon Brother to demonstrate the development of an unethical organizational culture under the leadership of John Gutfreund. The paper argues that leaders shape and reinforce an ethical or unethical organizational climate by what they pay attention to, how they react to crises, how they behave, how they allocate rewards, and how (...)
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  • Enron ethics (or: Culture matters more than codes). [REVIEW]Ronald R. Sims & Johannes Brinkmann - 2003 - Journal of Business Ethics 45 (3):243 - 256.
    This paper describes and discusses the Enron Corporation debacle. The paper presents the business ethics background and leadership mechanisms affecting Enron''s collapse and eventual bankruptcy. Through a systematic analysis of the organizational culture at Enron (following Schein''s frame of reference) the paper demonstrates how the company''s culture had profound effects on the ethics of its employees.
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  • A conceptual model of corporate moral development.R. Eric Reidenbach & Donald P. Robin - 1991 - Journal of Business Ethics 10 (4):273 - 284.
    The conceptual model presented in this article argues that corporations exhibit specific behaviors that signal their true level of moral development. Accordingly, the authors identify five levels of moral development and discuss the dynamics that move corporations from one level to another. Examples of corporate behavior which are indicative of specific stages of moral development are offered.
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  • Thick Description: Towards an Interpretive Theory of Culture.Clifford Geertz - 1973 - In The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books.
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