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  1. Research on stored biological samples: the views of Ugandans.David Wendler, Christine Pace, Ambrose O. Talisuna, Faustine Maiso, Christine Grady & Ezekiel Emanuel - 2005 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 27 (2):1.
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  • Vulnerability in research and health care; describing the elephant in the room?Samia A. Hurst - 2008 - Bioethics 22 (4):191–202.
    Despite broad agreement that the vulnerable have a claim to special protection, defining vulnerable persons or populations has proved more difficult than we would like. This is a theoretical as well as a practical problem, as it hinders both convincing justifications for this claim and the practical application of required protections. In this paper, I review consent-based, harm-based, and comprehensive definitions of vulnerability in healthcare and research with human subjects. Although current definitions are subject to critique, their underlying assumptions may (...)
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  • On pandemics and the duty to care: whose duty? who cares?Carly Ruderman, C. Shawn Tracy, Cécile M. Bensimon, Mark Bernstein, Laura Hawryluck, Randi Z. Shaul & Ross E. G. Upshur - 2006 - BMC Medical Ethics 7 (1):5.
    BackgroundAs a number of commentators have noted, SARS exposed the vulnerabilities of our health care systems and governance structures. Health care professionals (HCPs) and hospital systems that bore the brunt of the SARS outbreak continue to struggle with the aftermath of the crisis. Indeed, HCPs – both in clinical care and in public health – were severely tested by SARS. Unprecedented demands were placed on their skills and expertise, and their personal commitment to their profession was severely tried. Many were (...)
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  • On pandemics and the duty to care: whose duty? who cares? [REVIEW]Carly Ruderman, C. Tracy, Cécile Bensimon, Mark Bernstein, Laura Hawryluck, Randi Zlotnik Shaul & Ross Upshur - 2006 - BMC Medical Ethics 7 (1):1-6.
    Background As a number of commentators have noted, SARS exposed the vulnerabilities of our health care systems and governance structures. Health care professionals (HCPs) and hospital systems that bore the brunt of the SARS outbreak continue to struggle with the aftermath of the crisis. Indeed, HCPs – both in clinical care and in public health – were severely tested by SARS. Unprecedented demands were placed on their skills and expertise, and their personal commitment to their profession was severely tried. Many (...)
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  • Public health ethics: A manifesto.Angus Dawson & Marcel Verweij - 2008 - Public Health Ethics 1 (1):1--2.
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  • Taking tissue seriously means taking communities seriously.V. Lavery James, E. G. Upshur Ross & O. Tindana Paulina - 2007 - BMC Medical Ethics 8 (1):11.
    Background Health research is increasingly being conducted on a global scale, particularly in the developing world to address leading causes of morbidity and mortality. While research interest has increased, building scientific capacity in the developing world has not kept pace. This often leads to the export of human tissue from the developing to the developed world for analysis. These practices raise a number of important ethical issues that require attention. Discussion In the developed world, there is great heterogeneity of regulatory (...)
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  • Status of national research bioethics committees in the WHO African region.Joses Kirigia, Charles Wambebe & Amido Baba-Moussa - 2005 - BMC Medical Ethics 6 (1):1-7.
    Background The Regional Committee for Africa of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2001 expressed concern that some health-related studies undertaken in the Region were not subjected to any form of ethics review. In 2003, the study reported in this paper was conducted to determine which Member country did not have a national research ethics committee (REC) with a view to guiding the WHO Regional Office in developing practical strategies for supporting those countries. Methods This is a descriptive study. The (...)
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  • The standard of care debate: the Declaration of Helsinki versus the international consensus opinion.R. K. Lie - 2004 - Journal of Medical Ethics 30 (2):190-193.
    The World Medical Association’s revised Declaration of Helsinki endorses the view that all trial participants in every country are entitled to the worldwide best standard of care. In this paper the authors show that this requirement has been rejected by every national and international committee that has examined this issue. They argue that the consensus view now holds that it is ethically permissible, in some circumstances, to provide research participants less than the worldwide best care. Finally, the authors show that (...)
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  • International Guidelines For Ethical Review Of Epidemiological Studies.[author unknown] - 1991 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 19 (3-4):247-258.
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  • Status of national research bioethics committees in the WHO African region.Wambebe Charles, M. Kirigia Joses & Baba-Moussa Amido - 2005 - BMC Medical Ethics 6 (1):10.
    Background The Regional Committee for Africa of the World Health Organization in 2001 expressed concern that some health-related studies undertaken in the Region were not subjected to any form of ethics review. In 2003, the study reported in this paper was conducted to determine which Member country did not have a national research ethics committee with a view to guiding the WHO Regional Office in developing practical strategies for supporting those countries. Methods This is a descriptive study. The questionnaire was (...)
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  • The Ethical Analysis of Risk in Intensive Care Unit Research.Charles Weijer - unknown
    Research in the intensive care unit (ICU) is commonly thought to pose 'serious risk' to study participants. This perception may be at the root of a variety of impediments to the conduct of clinical trials in the ICU setting. Component analysis offers a promising approach to the ethical analysis of ICU research. Because clinical trials commonly involve a mixture of study interventions, therapeutic and nontherapeutic procedures must be analyzed separately. Therapeutic procedures must meet the requirement of clinical equipoise. Risks associated (...)
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  • Consent forms and the therapeutic misconception.Nancy M. P. King, Gail E. Henderson, Larry R. Churchill, Arlene M. Davis, Sara Chandros Hull, Daniel K. Nelson, P. Christy Parham-Vetter, Barbra Bluestone Rothschild, Michele M. Easter & Benjamin S. Wilfond - 2005 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 27 (1):1-7.
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  • Diminishing returns? Risk and the duty to care in the Sars epidemic.Lynette Reid - 2005 - Bioethics 19 (4):348–361.
    The seriousness of the risk that healthcare workers faced during SARS, and their response of service in the face of this risk, brings to light unrealistic assumptions about duty and risk that informed the debate on duty to care in the early years of HIV/AIDS. Duty to care is not based upon particular virtues of the health professions, but arises from social reflection on what response to an epidemic would be consistent with our values and our needs, recognizing our shared (...)
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  • Developing the duty to treat: HIV, SARS, and the next epidemic.J. Dwyer & D. F.-C. Tsai - 2008 - Journal of Medical Ethics 34 (1):7-10.
    SARS, like HIV, placed healthcare workers at risk and raised issues about the duty to treat. But philosophical accounts of the duty to treat that were developed in the context of HIV did not adequately address some of the ethical issues raised by SARS. Since the next epidemic may be more like SARS than HIV, it is important to illuminate these issues. In this paper, we sketch a general account of the duty to treat that arose in response to HIV. (...)
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  • Taking tissue seriously means taking communities seriously.Ross EG Upshur, James V. Lavery & Paulina O. Tindana - 2007 - BMC Medical Ethics 8 (1):11.
    Health research is increasingly being conducted on a global scale, particularly in the developing world to address leading causes of morbidity and mortality. While research interest has increased, building scientific capacity in the developing world has not kept pace. This often leads to the export of human tissue (defined broadly) from the developing to the developed world for analysis. These practices raise a number of important ethical issues that require attention.
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