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The evolutionary origins and significance of vertebrate left–right organisation

Jonathan Cooke

Bioessays 26 (4):413-421 (2004)

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Motor protein control of ion flux is an early step in embryonic left–right asymmetry.Michael Levin - 2003 - Bioessays 25 (10):1002-1010.details The invariant left–right asymmetry of animal body plans raises fascinating questions in cell, developmental, evolutionary, and neuro‐biology. While intermediate mechanisms (e.g., asymmetric gene expression) have been well‐characterized, very early steps remain elusive. Recent studies suggested a candidate for the origins of asymmetry: rotary movement of extracellular morphogens by cilia during gastrulation. This model is intellectually satisfying, because it bootstraps asymmetry from the intrinsic biochemical chirality of cilia. However, conceptual and practical problems remain with this hypothesis, and the genetic data is (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 4 citations
The evolution of left–right asymmetry in chordates.Clive J. Boorman & Sebastian M. Shimeld - 2002 - Bioessays 24 (11):1004-1011.details The internal organs of all vertebrates are asymmetrically organised across the left–right axis. The development of this asymmetry is controlled by a molecular pathway that includes the signalling molecule Nodal and the transcription factor Pitx2, proteins encoded by genes that are predominantly expressed on the left side of all vertebrate embryos studied to date. Vertebrates share Phylum Chordata with two other groups of animals, amphioxus and the urochordates (including ascidians). Both these taxa develop left–right asymmetries, and recent studies have begun (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 3 citations
Theoretical morphology of developmental asymmetries.Diego Rasskin-Gutman & Juan Carlos Izpisúa-Belmonte - 2004 - Bioessays 26 (4):405-412.details Morphospaces are theoretical tools to explore the morphological organization of living and fossil organisms. They have been used mostly by the paleontological community in an effort to get the most out of one of the only pieces of evidence that fossil material usually provide: the morphology of hard parts. The expectation with the establishment of theoretical morphospaces is that, by abstracting and modeling the fundamental parts of form, the multiple processes that generate the phenotypes of embryonic and adult structures will (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 3 citations
Hox genes in a pentameral animal.Ellen Popodi & Rudolf A. Raff - 2001 - Bioessays 23 (3):211-214.details There is renewed interest in how the different body plans of extant phyla are related. This question has traditionally been addressed by comparisons between vertebrates and Drosophila. Fortunately, there is now increasing emphasis on animals representing other phyla. Pentamerally symmetric echinoderms are a bilaterian metazoan phylum whose members exhibit secondarily derived radial symmetry. Precisely how their radially symmetric body plan originated from a bilaterally symmetric ancestor is unkown, however, two recent papers address this subject. Peterson et al.(1) propose a hypothesis (...) Download Export citation Bookmark 2 citations

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