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  1. (2 other versions)Kant, Kuhn and the Rationality of Science.Michael Friedman - 2002 - In M. Heidelberger & Friedrich Stadler (eds.), History of Philosophy of Science: New Trends and Perspectives. Springer.
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  • (1 other version)History of Science and Its Rational Reconstructions.Imre Lakatos - 1970 - PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1970:91-136.
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  • (2 other versions)Mind and World.John McDowell - 1996 - Philosophical Quarterly 46 (182):99-109.
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  • The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.David Bohm - 1964 - Philosophical Quarterly 14 (57):377-379.
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  • (1 other version)Explanation, Reduction and Empiricism.P. K. Feyerabend - 1967 - Critica 1 (2):103-106.
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  • (2 other versions)Kant, Kuhn, and the Rationality of Science.Michael Friedman - 2002 - Vienna Circle Institute Yearbook 9:25-41.
    In the Introduction to the Critique of Pure Reason Kant formulates what he calls “the general problem of pure reason,” namely, “How are synthetic a priori judgements possible?” Kant explains that this general problem involves two more specific questions about particular a priori sciences: “How is pure mathematics possible?” and “How is pure natural science possible?”— where the first concerns, above all, the possibility of Euclidean geometry, and the second concerns the possibility of fundamental laws of Newtonian mechanics such as (...)
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  • Comments on Michael Friedman: ‘Regulative and Constitutive’.Michael Friedman - 1992 - Southern Journal of Philosophy 30 (Supplement):103-108.
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  • A Parting of the Ways: Carnap, Cassirer, and Heidegger.Michael Friedman - 2000 - Open Court Publishing.
    In this insightful study of the common origins of analytic and continental philosophy, Friedman looks at how social and political events intertwined and influenced philosophy during the early twentieth century, ultimately giving rise to the two very different schools of thought. He shows how these two approaches, now practiced largely in isolation from one another, were once opposing tendencies within a common discussion. Already polarized by their philosophical disagreements, these approaches were further split apart by the rise of Naziism and (...)
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  • Dynamics of Reason.Michael Friedman - 2001 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 68 (3):702-712.
    This book introduces a new approach to the issue of radical scientific revolutions, or "paradigm-shifts," given prominence in the work of Thomas Kuhn. The book articulates a dynamical and historicized version of the conception of scientific a priori principles first developed by the philosopher Immanuel Kant. This approach defends the Enlightenment ideal of scientific objectivity and universality while simultaneously doing justice to the revolutionary changes within the sciences that have since undermined Kant's original defense of this ideal. Through a modified (...)
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  • The Road Since Structure: Philosophical Essays, 1970-1993, with an Autobiographical Interview.Thomas S. Kuhn & Jim Conant - 2000 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Edited by James Conant & John Haugeland.
    Divided into three parts, this work is a record of the direction Kuhn was taking during the last two decades of his life. It consists of essays in which he refines the basic concepts set forth in "Structure"--Paradigm shifts, incommensurability, and the nature of scientific progress.
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  • Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy.Michael Polanyi - 1958 - Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Edited by Mary Jo Nye.
    In this work the distinguished physical chemist and philosopher, Michael Polanyi, demonstrates that the scientist's personal participation in his knowledge, in both its discovery and its validation, is an indispensable part of science itself. Even in the exact sciences, "knowing" is an art, of which the skill of the knower, guided by his personal commitment and his passionate sense of increasing contact with reality, is a logically necessary part. In the biological and social sciences this becomes even more evident. The (...)
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  • Einstein, Kant, and the A Priori.Michael Friedman - 2009 - In Mauricio Suárez, Mauro Dorato & Miklós Rédei (eds.), EPSA Philosophical Issues in the Sciences: Launch of the European Philosophy of Science Association. Dordrecht, Netherland: Springer. pp. 65--73.
    Kant's original version of transcendental philosophy took both Euclidean geometry and the Newtonian laws of motion to be synthetic a priori constitutive principles—which, from Kant's point of view, function as necessary presuppositions for applying our fundamental concepts of space, time, matter, and motion to our sensible experience of the natural world. Although Kant had very good reasons to view the principles in question as having such a constitutively a priori role, we now know, in the wake of Einstein's work, that (...)
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  • Logic of Discovery or Psychology of Research?T. S. Kuhn - 1970 - In Imre Lakatos & Alan Musgrave (eds.), Criticism and the growth of knowledge. Cambridge [Eng.]: Cambridge University Press. pp. 22.
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  • (2 other versions)On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme.Donald Davidson - 1973 - Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 47:5-20.
    Davidson attacks the intelligibility of conceptual relativism, i.e. of truth relative to a conceptual scheme. He defines the notion of a conceptual scheme as something ordering, organizing, and rendering intelligible empirical content, and calls the position that employs both notions scheme-content dualism. He argues that such dualism is untenable since: not only can we not parcel out empirical content sentence per sentence but also the notion of uninterpreted content to which several schemes are relative, and the related notion of a (...)
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  • Regulative and constitutive.Michael Friedman - 1992 - Southern Journal of Philosophy 30 (S1):73-102.
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  • (2 other versions)Mind and World.Huw Price & John McDowell - 1994 - Philosophical Books 38 (3):169-181.
    How do rational minds make contact with the world? The empiricist tradition sees a gap between mind and world, and takes sensory experience, fallible as it is, to provide our only bridge across that gap. In its crudest form, for example, the traditional idea is that our minds consult an inner realm of sensory experience, which provides us with evidence about the nature of external reality. Notoriously, however, it turns out to be far from clear that there is any viable (...)
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  • (1 other version)History of science and its rational reconstructions.Imre Lakatos - 1971 - In R. C. Buck & R. S. Cohen (eds.), Psa 1970. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science Viii. D. Reidel. pp. 91-108.
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  • Having the world in view: essays on Kant, Hegel, and Sellars.John McDowell - 2009 - Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
    In this new book, John McDowell builds on his much discussed Mind and World—one of the most highly regarded books in contemporary philosophy.
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  • (6 other versions)The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.Thomas S. Kuhn - 1962 - Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Edited by Ian Hacking.
    Thomas S. Kuhn's classic book is now available with a new index.
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  • Dynamics of reason and the Kantian project.Maarten Van Dyck - 2009 - Philosophy of Science 76 (5):689-700.
    I show why Michael Friedman’s idea that we should view new constitutive frameworks introduced in paradigm change as members of a convergent series introduces an uncomfortable tension in his views. It cannot be justified on realist grounds, as this would compromise his Kantian perspective, but his own appeal to a Kantian regulative ideal of reason cannot do the job either. I then explain a way to make better sense of the rationality of paradigm change on what I take to be (...)
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  • The structure of scientific revolutions.Dudley Shapere - 1964 - Philosophical Review 73 (3):383-394.
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  • (1 other version)Mind and World.John Henry McDowell - 1994 - Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
    Much as we would like to conceive empirical thought as rationally grounded in experience, pitfalls await anyone who tries to articulate this position, and ...
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  • The Bounds of sense. An essay on Kant's critique of pure reason.Walter H. Capps - 1969 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 29 (3):470-471.
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  • (2 other versions)Mind and World.John McDowell - 1994 - Philosophical and Phenomenological Research 58 (2):389-394.
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  • Exorcising the Philosophical Tradition.Michael Friedman - 1996 - Philosophical Review 105 (4):427-467.
    One of the most interesting aspects of McDowell’s very interesting book is the way in which it locates the problems of late-twentieth-century Anglo-American philosophy within the historical development of the Western philosophical tradition. Beginning with an opposition between Coherentism and the Myth of the Given exemplified in recent work of Donald Davidson’s, McDowell proceeds to frame his discussion in terms of the Kantian distinction between concepts and intuitions, understanding and sensibility, spontaneity and receptivity. McDowell’s basic idea is that we can (...)
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  • Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy.Louis Arnaud Reid - 1959 - British Journal of Educational Studies 8 (1):66.
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  • (2 other versions)Kantian Themes in Contemporary Philosophy.Michael Friedman & Graham Bird - 1998 - Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 72 (1):111-129.
    [Michael Friedman] This paper considers the extent to which Kant's vision of a distinctively 'transcendental' task for philosophy is essentially tied to his views on the foundations of the mathematical and physical sciences. Contemporary philosophers with broadly Kantian sympathies have attempted to reinterpret his project so as to isolate a more general philosophical core not so closely tied to the details of now outmoded mathematical-physical theories (Euclidean geometry and Newtonian physics). I consider two such attempts, those of Strawson and McDowell, (...)
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  • The New Scientific Spirit.Gaston Bachelard - 1984 - Beacon Press.
    Examines the changes during the twentieth century in the views of mathematics, physics, and the scientific method and discusses the role of the mind in science.
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  • A Post-Kuhnian Approach to the History and Philosophy of Science.Michael Friedman - 2010 - The Monist 93 (4):497-517.
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  • Discussion: Kuhn’s Evolutionary Analogy in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions and “The Road since Structure”.Thomas A. C. Reydon & Paul Hoyningen-Huene - 2010 - Philosophy of Science 77 (3):468-476.
    Recently, Barbara Renzi argued that Kuhn's account of scientific change is undermined by mismatches in the analogy that Kuhn supposedly draws between scientific change and biological evolution. We argue that Renzi's criticism is inadequate to Kuhn's account of scientific change, as Kuhn does not draw any precise analogy between the mechanisms of scientific change and biological evolution nor aims to argue that the mechanisms of scientific change and biological evolution are similar in any important respects. Therefore, pointing to mismatches between (...)
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  • Patterns of discovery.Norwood Russell Hanson - 1958 - Cambridge [Eng.]: University Press.
    In this 1958 book, Professor Hanson turns to an equally important but comparatively neglected subject, the philosophical aspects of research and discovery.
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  • Synthetic history reconsidered.Michael Friedman - 2010 - In Michael Friedman, Mary Domski & Michael Dickson (eds.), Discourse on a New Method: Reinvigorating the Marriage of History and Philosophy of Science. Open Court.
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  • Afterwords.Thomas S. Kuhn - 1993 - In Paul Horwich (ed.), World Changes: Thomas Kuhn and the Nature of Science. MIT Press. pp. 311--41.
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  • Review essay on dynamics of reason by Michael Friedman. [REVIEW]Marc Lange - 2004 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 68 (3):702–712.
    The first half of this book consists of Michael Friedman’s Kant Lectures in essentially the form in which they were delivered at Stanford University in 1999. In the second half, “Fruits of Discussion,” Friedman elaborates, refines, and defends the central ideas of these lectures. Taken together, these halves form an eminently readable, slim, yet rich and ambitious volume. It proves our fullest account to date not only of Friedman’s neo-Kantian, historicized, dynamical conception of relativized a priori principles of mathematics and (...)
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  • (2 other versions)Kant, Kuhn, and the rationality of science.Michael Friedman - 2002 - Philosophy of Science 69 (2):171-90.
    This paper considers the evolution of the problem of scientific rationality from Kant through Carnap to Kuhn. I argue for a relativized and historicized version of the original Kantian conception of scientific a priori principles and examine the way in which these principles change and develop across revolutionary paradigm shifts. The distinctively philosophical enterprise of reflecting upon and contextualizing such principles is then seen to play a key role in making possible rational intersubjective communication between otherwise incommensurable paradigms.
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  • The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason.C. K. Grant - 1968 - Philosophical Quarterly 18 (70):84-86.
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  • Why Was Kuhn’s Structure More Successful than Polanyi’s Personal Knowledge?Adam Timmins - 2013 - Hopos: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science 3 (2):306-317.
    Thomas Kuhn has been seen as the preeminent philosopher in the so-called historicist turn in the philosophy of science, with others—including Michael Polanyi—relegated to his slipstream. Yet the supersession of Polanyi seems curious in a way, as his Personal Knowledge—published just 3 years before Structure—contains many of the same ideas that Kuhn put to use in his philosophy of science. Why is it, therefore, that history has seen Structure supersede Personal Knowledge?
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  • The Challenge of Scientific Revolutions: Van Fraassen's and Friedman's Responses.Vasso Kindi - 2011 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 25 (4):327-349.
    This article criticizes the attempts by Bas van Fraassen and Michael Friedman to address the challenge to rationality posed by the Kuhnian analysis of scientific revolutions. In the paper, I argue that van Fraassen's solution, which invokes a Sartrean theory of emotions to account for radical change, does not amount to justifying rationally the advancement of science but, rather, despite his protestations to the contrary, is an explanation of how change is effected. Friedman's approach, which appeals to philosophical developments at (...)
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  • Extending the Dynamics of Reason.Michael Friedman - 2011 - Erkenntnis 75 (3):431-444.
    What I call the dynamics of reason is a post-Kuhnian approach to the history and philosophy of science articulating a relativized and historicized version of the Kantian conception of the rationality and objectivity of the modern physical sciences. I here discuss two extensions of this approach. I argue that, although the relativized standards of rationality in question change over time, the particular way in which they do this still preserves the trans-historical rationality of the entire process. I also make a (...)
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  • Kant on wheels.Peter Lipton - 2003 - Social Epistemology 17 (2-3):215-219.
    At a New York cocktail party shortly after the war, a young and insecure physics postgraduate was heard to blurt out to a woman he had met there: ‘I just want to know what Truth is!’ This was Thomas Kuhn and what he meant was that specific truths such as those of physics mattered less to him than acquiring metaphysical knowledge of the nature of truth. Soon afterwards, he gave up physics, but rather than take up philosophy directly, he approached (...)
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  • (2 other versions)Critique of Pure Reason.I. Kant - 1787/1998 - Philosophy 59 (230):555-557.
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  • Ernst Cassirer and Michael Friedman : Kantian or Hegelian dynamics of reason?Alan Richardson - 2010 - In Michael Friedman, Mary Domski & Michael Dickson (eds.), Discourse on a New Method: Reinvigorating the Marriage of History and Philosophy of Science. Open Court.
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  • (2 other versions)On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme.Donald Davidson - 2011 - In Robert B. Talisse & Scott F. Aikin (eds.), The Pragmatism Reader: From Peirce Through the Present. Princeton University Press. pp. 286-298.
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  • Patterns of Discovery.Norwood R. Hanson, A. D. Ritchie & Henryk Mehlberg - 1960 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 10 (40):346-349.
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  • Discussion: Kuhn’s Evolutionary Analogy in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions and “The Road since Structure”.Thomas Reydon & Paul Hoyningen-Heune - 2010 - Philosophy of Science 77 (3):468-476.
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  • (2 other versions)On the Very idea of a Conceptual Scheme.Donald Davidson - 1984 - In Inquiries Into Truth And Interpretation. Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press. pp. 183-198.
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  • (1 other version)Ernst Cassirer and Thomas Kuhn: The neo-Kantian tradition in history and philosophy of science.Michael Friedman - 2008 - Philosophical Forum 39 (2):239-252.
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  • Reconstructing Scientific Revolutions. Thomas S. Kuhn's Philosophy of Science.[author unknown] - 1994 - Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 56 (2):374-375.
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  • (2 other versions)IMichael Friedman.Michael Friedman - 1998 - Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 72 (1):111-129.
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  • The Structure of Scientific Revolutions and its Significance: An Essay Review of the Fiftieth Anniversary Edition. [REVIEW]Alexander Bird - 2012 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 63 (4):859-883.
    Kuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions is one of the most cited books of the twentieth century. Its iconic and controversial nature has obscured its message. What did Kuhn really intend with Structure and what is its real significance? -/- 1 Introduction -/- 2 The Central Ideas of Structure -/- 3 The Philosophical Targets of Structure -/- 4 Interpreting and Misinterpreting Structure -/- 4.1 Naturalism -/- 4.2 World-change -/- 4.3 Incommensurability -/- 4.4 Progress and the nature of revolutionary change -/- 4.5 (...)
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