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  1. Business Students' and Practitioners' Ethical Decisions over Time.James R. Glenn & M. Frances Van Loo - 1993 - Journal of Business Ethics 12 (11):835-847.
    This paper compares the ethical decisions and attitudes of business students and practitioners. Recent unpublished data from a national study of over 1600 students are contrasted with information reported previously. Students are found consistently to make less ethical choices than practitioners, and there is some indication that students are making less ethical choices in the 1980s than in the 1960s. In addition, both students and practitioners agree that buyers should beware, view the role of business more narrowly, and find fewer (...)
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  • Do smaller firms have higher ethics?Justin G. Longenecker, Joseph A. McKinney & Carlos W. Moore - 1989 - Business and Society Review 71:19-21.
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  • Personal and professional values underlying the ethical judgments of marketers.Anusorn Singhapakdi & Scott J. Vitell - 1993 - Journal of Business Ethics 12 (7):525 - 533.
    This study explores the relative influences of two levels of value orientations, personal values and professional values, underlying the ethical judgments of marketing practitioners. The data were obtained from a mail survey of the American Marketing Association''s professional members. The results generally indicate that a marketer''s ethical judgments can be partially explained by his/her personal and professional values.
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  • Demographic & related differences in ethical views among small businesses.Paul J. Serwinek - 1992 - Journal of Business Ethics 11 (7):555 - 566.
    This study examines the effects of demographic characteristics on ethical perceptions. While earlier research has produced conflicting results regarding the predictive power of these variables, significant and definite insights were obtained with proper controls. The following predictors of ethical attitudes are examined: age, gender, marital status, education, dependent children status, region of the country and years in business, while controlling for job status. A nation-wide random sample of employees was used in obtaining a response rate of fifty-three percent (total n (...)
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  • Differences in ethical perceptions between male and female managers: Myth or reality? [REVIEW]Jeaneen M. Kidwell, Robert E. Stevens & Art L. Bethke - 1987 - Journal of Business Ethics 6 (6):489 - 493.
    This study sought to identify whether or not differences exist between the ethical decisions of male and female managers; and, if they do exist, to identify the areas in which differences occurred. An additional evaluation was conducted to determine how each perceived their counterpart would respond to the same ethical decision making situations.Data were collected from 50 male managers and 50 female managers by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Distinctive demographic characteristics were noted among the segments.
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  • Ethical behavior among marketing researchers: An assessment of selected demographic characteristics. [REVIEW]S. W. Kelley, O. C. Ferrell & S. J. Skinner - 1990 - Journal of Business Ethics 9 (8):681 - 688.
    This study considers the relationship between perceptions of ethical behavior and the demographic characteristics of sex, age, education level, job title, and job tenure among a sample of marketing researchers. The findings of this study indicate that female marketing researchers, older marketing researchers, and marketing researchers holding their present job for ten years or more generally rate their behavior as more ethical.
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  • Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. [REVIEW]Robert C. Ford & Woodrow D. Richardson - 1994 - Journal of Business Ethics 13 (3):205 - 221.
    The authors review the empirical literature in order to assess which variables are postulated as influencing ethical beliefs and decision making. The variables are divided into those unique to the individual decision maker and those considered situational in nature. Variables related to an individual decision maker examined in this review are nationality, religion, sex, age, education, employment, and personality. Situation specific variables examined in this review are referent groups, rewards and sanctions, codes of conduct, type of ethical conflict, organization effects, (...)
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  • Correlates of salespeople's ethical conflict: An exploratory investigation. [REVIEW]Alan J. Dubinsky & Thomas N. Ingram - 1984 - Journal of Business Ethics 3 (4):343 - 353.
    Much have been written about marketing ethics. Virtually no published research, however, has examined what factors are related to the ethical conflict of salespeople. Such research is important because it could have direct implications for the management of sales personnel. This paper presents the results of an exploratory study that examined selected correlates of salespeople's ethical conflict. Implications for practitioners and academic are also provided.
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  • Predicting ethical values and training needs in ethics.Victor J. Callan - 1992 - Journal of Business Ethics 11 (10):761 - 769.
    Two hundred and twenty-six state employees completed a structured questionnaire that investigated their ethical values and training needs. Top management were more likely to have attitudes against cronyism and giving advantage to others. Individuals higher in the organizational hierarchy, and female employees were more likely to believe that discriminatory practices were an ethical concern. In addition, employees with a larger number of clients outside of the organization were more supportive of the need to maintain strict confidentiality in business dealings. Employees'' (...)
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  • Ethics in american companies: A managerial perspective. [REVIEW]Barry Z. Posner & Warren H. Schmidt - 1987 - Journal of Business Ethics 6 (5):383 - 391.
    This study investigated several issues with 1498 managers nationwide regarding, for example, how ethical they felt their organizations were and whether their personal principles must be compromised for the organization's sake. In addition their decision criteria for two scenarios involving ethical implications were articulated.
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  • A comparative analysis of ethical beliefs: A four country study. [REVIEW]Mee-Kau Nyaw & Ignace Ng - 1994 - Journal of Business Ethics 13 (7):543 - 555.
    This study examines the extent to which business students from Canada, Japan, Hong Kong, and Taiwan react differently to ethical dilemmas involving employees, supervisors, customers, suppliers, and business rivals. The empirical results show that the national origin of the students does have an impact on their reactions to particular ethical dilemmas. In addition, the results indicate that controlling for the problem of social desirability response bias is important to ensure the validity of the empirical findings.
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  • Executive attitudes, organizational size and ethical issues: Perspectives on a service industry. [REVIEW]Paul R. Murphy, Jonathan E. Smith & James M. Daley - 1992 - Journal of Business Ethics 11 (1):11 - 19.
    Responding to Randall and Gibson''s (1990) call for more rigorous methodologies in empirically-based ethics research, this paper develops propositions — based on both previous ethics research as well as the larger organizational behavior literature — examining the impact of attitudes, leadership, presence/absence of ethical codes and organizational size on corporate ethical behavior. The results, which come from a mail survey of 149 companies in a major U.S. service industry, indicate that attitudes and organizational size are the best predictors of ethical (...)
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  • Ethical perceptions of Hong Kong chinese business managers.Gael M. McDonald & Raymond A. Zepp - 1988 - Journal of Business Ethics 7 (11):835 - 845.
    This paper investigates ethical perceptions among Hong Kong Chinese managers of themselves and peers according to age, location of education and employment (local vs. multinational), based upon responses to thirteen potentially unethical situations.The major conclusions of the study are: (1) there is little consistency among perceptions of ethical situations; (2) Hong Kong managers perceive their peers as more unethical than themselves; (3) ethical perceptions in some situations are affected by age and to a lesser extent, place of education; and (4) (...)
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  • Do company ethics training programs make a difference? An empirical analysis.John Thomas Delaney & Donna Sockell - 1992 - Journal of Business Ethics 11 (9):719 - 727.
    The authors analyze results of a survey of members of the Columbia University Graduate School of Business classes of 1953–1987 in order to assess the potential effectiveness of firms' ethics training programs. Results suggest that such training has a positive effect, but that relatively few firms provide such programs (about one-third of the respondents worked for firms with such programs). Although the sample is not representative of American employees and managers generally, the results suggest that it may be worthwhile for (...)
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  • On the dynamics of corporate size and illegal activity: An empirical assessment. [REVIEW]Dan R. Dalton & Idalene F. Kesner - 1988 - Journal of Business Ethics 7 (11):861 - 870.
    This research, relying on companies continuously listed on the Fortune 500 over a five-year period (n=384), provides an empirical assessment of two hypotheses. Based on 334 violations over the period the results indicate: (1) gross differences in illegal activity based on corporate size, and (2) similar differences in corporate recidivism also based on size. Discussion includes a number of size related dynamics which may account in part for such results.
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  • Perceived ethical values of Malaysian managers.A. R. M. Zabid & S. K. Alsagoff - 1993 - Journal of Business Ethics 12 (4):331-337.
    This paper examines the perceived ethical values of Malaysian managers. It is based on the opinions of 15 hypothetical ethical/unethical business situations from the 81 managers who agreed to participate in the survey. The findings of this study showed that these Malaysian managers have high ethical values. However 53% of the respondents believed that the ethical standards of today are lower than that of 15 years ago. Apparently, this is related to the existence of many unethical business practices prevalent in (...)
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