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  1. Adolescent Decisional Autonomy Regarding Participation in an Emergency Department Youth Violence Interview.Jennifer M. Cohn, Kenneth R. Ginsburg, Nancy Kassam-Adams & Joel A. Fein - 2005 - American Journal of Bioethics 5 (5):70-74.
    Much attention has been given to determining whether an adolescent patient has the capacity to consent to research. This study explores the factors that influence adolescents' decisions to participate in a research study about youth violence and to determine positive or negative feelings elicited by being a research subject. The majority of subjects perceived their decision to participate to be free of coercion, and few felt badly about having participated. However, adolescents who were alone in the room during the assent (...)
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  • (1 other version)Child Assent Revisited.Rosalind Ekman Ladd - 2003 - American Journal of Bioethics 3 (4):37-38.
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  • Ethical problems in research on risky behaviors and risky populations.Sandra Scarr - 1994 - Ethics and Behavior 4 (2):147 – 155.
    The articles by Brooks-Gum, Fisher, Hoagwood, Liss, and Scott-Jones (all this issue) present a panoply of real-world ethical issues in conducting scientific research on risky behaviors of children, adolescents, and their parents, particularly those from vulnerable populations. The universal, ethical principles of beneficence, justice, and respect for others are always applicable, but they do not resolve issues of child assent, parental consent, legal reporting requirements for illegal behaviors, and the special problems of studying risky behaviors in risky populations. Taken as (...)
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  • Taking children seriously: What's so important about assent?Douglas S. Diekema - 2003 - American Journal of Bioethics 3 (4):25 – 26.
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  • Through the Community Looking Glass: Reevaluating the Ethical and Policy Implications of Research on Adolescent Risk and Psychopathology.Scyatta A. Wallace & Celia B. Fisher - 2000 - Ethics and Behavior 10 (2):99-118.
    Drawing on a conception of scientists and community members as partners in the construction of ethically responsible research practices, this article urges investigators to seek the perspectives of teenagers and parents in evaluating the personal and political costs and benefits of research on adolescent risk behaviors. Content analysis of focus group discussions involving over 100 parents and teenagers from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds revealed community opinions regarding the scientific merit, social value, racial bias, and participant and group harms and (...)
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  • Behavioral Research Involving Children: A Developmental Perspective on Risk.Ross A. Thompson - 1990 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 12 (2):1.
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  • Adolescent and Parent Perspectives on Ethical Issues in Youth Drug Use and Suicide Survey Research.Celia B. Fisher - 2003 - Ethics and Behavior 13 (4):303-332.
    The contributions of adolescent and parent perspectives to ethical planning of survey research on youth drug use and suicide behaviors are highlighted through an empirical examination of 322 7th-12th graders' and 160 parents' opinions on questions related to 4 ethical dimensions of survey research practice: evaluating research risks and benefits, establishing guardian permission requirements, developing confidentiality and disclosure policies, and using cash incentives for recruitment. Generational and ethnic variation in response to questionnaire items developed from discussions within adolescent and parent (...)
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  • On the Limits of Parental Proxy Consent: Children's Right to Non-Participation in Non-Therapeutic Research. [REVIEW]Sonja Grover - 2003 - Journal of Academic Ethics 1 (4):349-383.
    This paper considers what are the appropriate limits of parental or guardian proxy consent for a child's participation in medical or social science research. Such proxy consent, it is proposed, is invalid in regards “non-therapeutic research.” The latter research may add to scientific knowledge and/or benefit others, but any benefit to the child research participant is but a coincidental theoretical possibility and not a primary objective. Research involving children, without intended and acceptable prospect of beneficial outcome to the individual participant, (...)
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  • The principle of assumed consent: The ethics of gatekeeping.Roger Homan - 2001 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 35 (3):329–343.
    The obligation to inform and obtain the consent of human subjects is axiomatic in social and medical research. Yet educational researchers are often reluctant to inform their subjects: class teachers and headteachers, for example, are often used as gatekeepers, and investigators sometimes do not so much seek consent as assume it. This chapter discusses the principle of informed consent, in particular that of children. It proposes guidelines for gatekeepers who may be called upon to authorise research and to grant to (...)
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  • Rethink "affirmative agreement," but abandon "assent".Steven Joffe - 2003 - American Journal of Bioethics 3 (4):9 – 11.
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  • A questionnaire on factors influencing children's assent and dissent to non-therapeutic research.O. D. Wolthers - 2006 - Journal of Medical Ethics 32 (5):292-297.
    Background: Knowledge about assent or dissent of children to non-therapeutic research is poor.Objectives: To assess sociodemographic characteristics in healthy children and adolescents who were invited to participate in non-therapeutic research, to evaluate their motives for assent or dissent and their understanding of the information given.Methods: A total of 1281 healthy children and adolescents six to sixteen years of age were invited to participate in a non-therapeutic study and a questionnaire.Results: Assenting children were motivated by a desire to help sick children (...)
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  • Children's competence for assent and consent: A review of empirical findings. [REVIEW]Victoria A. Miller, Dennis Drotar & Eric Kodish - 2004 - Ethics and Behavior 14 (3):255 – 295.
    This narrative review summarizes the empirical literature on children's competence for consent and assent in research and treatment settings. Studies varied widely regarding methodology, particularly in the areas of participant sampling, situational context studied (e.g., psychological versus medical settings), procedures used (e.g., lab-based vs. real-world approaches), and measurement of competence. This review also identified several fundamental dilemmas underlying approaches to children's informed consent. These dilemmas, including autonomy versus best interests approaches, legal versus psychological or ethical approaches, child- versus family-based approaches, (...)
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  • Human participants challenges in youth-focused research: Perspectives and practices of IRB administrators.Diane K. Wagener, Amy K. Sporer, Mary Simmerling, Jennifer L. Flome, Christina An & Susan J. Curry - 2004 - Ethics and Behavior 14 (4):335 – 349.
    The purpose of this research was to understand institutional review board (IRB) challenges regarding youth-focused research submissions and to present advice from administrators. Semistructured self-report questionnaires were sent via e-mail to administrators identified using published lists of universities and hospitals and Internet searches. Of 183 eligible institutions, 49 responded. One half indicated they never granted parental waivers. Among those considering waivers, decision factors included research risks, survey content, and feasibility. Smoking and substance abuse research among children was generally considered more (...)
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  • Children and Decisionmaking in Health Research.Françoise Baylis, Jocelyn Downie & Nuala Kenny - 1999 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 21 (4):5.
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  • Altruism, children, and nonbeneficial research.Ellen M. McGee - 2003 - American Journal of Bioethics 3 (4):21 – 23.
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  • Children's consent to research participation: Social context and personal experience invalidate fixed cutoff rules.Richard Ashcroft, Trudy Goodenough, Emma Williamson & Julie Kent - 2003 - American Journal of Bioethics 3 (4):16 – 18.
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  • (1 other version)Child Assent Revisited.Rosalind Ekman Ladd - 2003 - American Journal of Bioethics 3 (4):37-38.
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