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  1. (2 other versions)I.—A Plea for Excuses: The Presidential Address.John Austin - 1957 - Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 57 (1):1-30.
    The subject of this paper, Excuses, is one not to be treated, but only to be introduced, within such limits. It is, or might be, the name of a whole branch, even a ramiculated branch, of philosophy, or at least of one fashion of philosophy. I shall try, therefore, first to state what the subject is, why it is worth studying, and how it may be studied, all this at a regrettably lofty level: and then I shall illustrate, in more (...)
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  • The Survival Lottery.John Harris - 1975 - Philosophy 50 (191):81 - 87.
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  • Transplants and Trolleys.Bernard Gert - 1993 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 53 (1):173 - 179.
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  • Sacrificing One to Save Many.Michael Clark - 1995 - Journal of Applied Philosophy 12 (2):189-200.
    Attempts to solve the Trolley Problem by means of a single principle have proved unpersuasive. Nor can the intuition about Transplant be adequately grounded in the hypothetical dissent of rational contractors. It is explained by the initial liability principle, that loss should lie where it falls unless there is sufficient reason to shift it. If we did not think we should accept misfortune in such cases and thought that minimising loss of life was sufficient reason to shift the loss we (...)
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