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  1. Intentions, gestures, and salience in ordinary and deferred demonstrative reference.Allyson Mount - 2008 - Mind and Language 23 (2):145–164.
    In debates about the proper analysis of demonstrative expressions, ostensive gestures and speaker intentions are often seen as competing for primary importance in securing reference. Underlying some of these debates is the mistaken assumption that ostensive gestures always make the demonstrated object maximally salient to interlocutors. When we abandon this assumption and focus on an object’s mutually-recognized salience itself, rather than on how the object came to be salient, we can work towards a more promising analysis with a uniform treatment (...)
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  • (2 other versions)Ontological relativity.W. V. O. Quine - 1968 - Journal of Philosophy 65 (7):185-212.
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  • Indexicality and deixis.Geoffrey Nunberg - 1993 - Linguistics and Philosophy 16 (1):1--43.
    Words like you, here, and tomorrow are different from other expressions in two ways. First, and by definition, they have different kinds of meanings, which are context-dependent in ways that the meanings of names and descriptions are not. Second, their meanings play a different kind of role in the interpretations of the utterances that contain them. For example, the meaning of you can be paraphrased by a description like "the addressee of the utterance." But an utterance of (1) doesn't say (...)
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  • Pragmatics.Stephen C. Levinson - 1983 - Cambridge University Press.
    Those aspects of language use that are crucial to an understanding of language as a system, and especially to an understanding of meaning, are the acknowledged concern of linguistic pragmatics. Yet until now much of the work in this field has not been easily accessible to the student, and was often written at an intimidating level of technicality. In this textbook, however, Dr Levinson has provided a lucid and integrative analysis of the central topics in pragmatics - deixis, implicature, presupposition, (...)
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  • (2 other versions)Ontological Relativity.Willard van Orman Quine - 1969 - In Willard Van Orman Quine (ed.), Ontological Relativity and Other Essays. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 26-68.
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  • Pragmatics.S. C. Levinson - 1983 - Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 49 (3):531-532.
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  • Levels of Interpretation of a Legal Text.Ryszard Sarkowicz - 1995 - Ratio Juris 8 (1):104-112.
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  • Automatic classification of provisions in legislative texts.E. Francesconi & A. Passerini - 2007 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 15 (1):1-17.
    Legislation usually lacks a systematic organization which makes the management and the access to norms a hard problem to face. A more analytic semantic unit of reference (provision) for legislative texts was identified. A model of provisions (provisions types and their arguments) allows to describe the semantics of rules in legislative texts. It can be used to develop advanced semantic-based applications and services on legislation. In this paper an automatic bottom-up strategy to qualify existing legislative texts in terms of provision (...)
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  • (2 other versions)Ontological relativity: The Dewey lectures 1969.Willard Van Orman Quine - 1968 - Journal of Philosophy 65 (7):185-212.
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  • The non-uniqueness of semantic solutions: Polysemy. [REVIEW]Geoffrey Nunberg - 1979 - Linguistics and Philosophy 3 (2):143 - 184.
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  • Automated reference resolution in legal texts.Oanh Thi Tran, Bach Xuan Ngo, Minh Le Nguyen & Akira Shimazu - 2014 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 22 (1):29-60.
    This paper investigates the task of reference resolution in the legal domain. This is a new interesting task in Legal Engineering research. The goal is to create a system which can automatically detect references and then extracts their referents. Previous work limits itself to detect and resolve references at the document targets. In this paper, we go a step further in trying to resolve references to sub-document targets. Referents extracted are the smallest fragments of texts in documents, rather than the (...)
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  • A description logic framework for advanced accessing and reasoning over normative provisions.Enrico Francesconi - 2014 - Artificial Intelligence and Law 22 (3):291-311.
    A model of normative provisions and related axioms represented by using RDF/owl are presented as a contribution to implement the semantic web in the legal domain. In particular, a pattern able to implement the Hohfeldian legal fundamental relations between provisions using OWL-DL expressivity is proposed. Moreover, a query-based approach able to deal with relations between provision instances is described. An example of advanced access and reasoning over provisions using the proposed approach, as well as a prototype architecture of a provision (...)
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