Re-reads Marx in light of the contemporary critical interrogation of subjectivity.

Italian political thinker Paolo Virno argues that the category of "multitude" is a far better tool to analyze contemporary issues than the Hobbesian concept of "people." Globalization is forcing us to rethink some of the categories—such as "the people"—that traditionally have been associated with the now eroding state. Italian political thinker Paolo Virno argues that the category of "multitude," elaborated by Spinoza and for the most part left fallow since the seventeenth century, is a far better tool to analyze contemporary (...) issues than the Hobbesian concept of "people," favored by classical political philosophy. Hobbes, who detested the notion of multitude, defined it as shunning political unity, resisting authority, and never entering into lasting agreements. "When they rebel against the state," Hobbes wrote, "the citizens are the multitude against the people." But the multitude isn't just a negative notion, it is a rich concept that allows us to examine anew plural experiences and forms of nonrepresentative democracy. Drawing from philosophy of language, political economics, and ethics, Virno shows that being foreign, "not-feeling-at-home-anywhere," is a condition that forces the multitude to place its trust in the intellect. In conclusion, Virno suggests that the metamorphosis of the social systems in the West during the last twenty years is leading to a paradoxical "Communism of the Capital.". (shrink)

Best known for his work in literary criticism, Pierre Macherey has, over the past two decades, produced a series of original philosophical works. This first collection of his philosophical writings to be published in English discloses the full range of Macherey's interventions, testifying to his signal status as one of France's leading philosophers. In a Materialist Way ranges over Macherey's writings on philosophy and theory, critiques of the work of major figures in contemporary French thought such as Lacan, Foucoult and (...) Canguilhem, and analyses of the work of Spinoza. It reveals to English-speaking audiences what has long been common knowlege in France: that Pierre Macherey is among the most fertile, imaginative and subtle of contemporary philosophers. (shrink)

Suggests an open system of psychological exploration to cut through accepted norms of morality, language, and politics.

La pensée de Gabriel Tarde (1843-1904) a connu, en France, un long cheminement, le plus souvent minoritaire, dont l'aboutissement le plus récent est l'œuvre de Deleuze et Guattari. Ce livre montre l'actualité de la psychologie économique tardienne qui pourrait bien constituer la meilleure boîte à outils pour interroger les transformations du capitalisme contemporain. La renaissance de la philosophie de la différence, dont Tarde est l'un des principaux précurseurs, s'est affirmée autour de 1968. Mais elle s'est alors confrontée à l'économie politique (...) avec beaucoup de prudence : le terrain était occupé par le marxisme dont le dépassement posait de redoutables problèmes politiques et théoriques. Maintenant que la question du socialisme a traversé une crise aiguë, l'heure de Tarde pourrait bien enfin sonner. Au moment où tout le monde parle de l'importance de la psychologie en économie, encore faut-il disposer d'outils théoriques qui permettent de sortir de la banalité. (shrink)