Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaften finden in Bezug auf Theorie kaum eine gemeinsame Gesprächsgrundlage. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass der späte Wittgenstein ebenfalls »Theorie« hinterfragt, dies aber als eine Weise begreift, den Dialog zwischen Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaft wiederherzustellen. Wittgenstein zielt in seinen Philosophischen Untersuchungen nicht – wie in der Analytischen Philosophie üblich – auf Gewissheit, sondern sucht Wege, die Philosophie zu Fragen des menschlichen Verstehens und Interpretierens zurückzuführen. Philosophy and the humanities have not found much common ground for conversation in theory. I argue (...) that the late Wittgenstein also questions »theory« but as a way of restoring a dialogue between philosophy and the humanities. Wittgenstein aimed his not at the quest for certainty, so characteristic of the history of analytic philosophy, but rather at ways for returning philosophy to questions of human understanding and interpretation through ethical questioning. (shrink)

Pierre Hadot, whose inaugural lecture to the chair of the History of Hellenistic and Roman Through at the Collège de France we are publishing here, is one of the most significant and wide-ranging historians of ancient philosophy writing today. His work, hardly known in the English-reading world except among specialists, exhibits that rare combination of prodigious historical scholarship and rigorous philosophical argumentation that upsets any preconceived distinction between the history of philosophy and philosophy proper. In addition to being the translator (...) and author of monographs on Plotinus, Vitorinus, Porphyry, and many others, Hadot’s most important general philosophical work is entitled Exercises spirituels et philosophie antique.1 Combined with detailed studies of Socrates and Marcus Aurelius, this work presents a history of spiritual exercises from Socrates to early Christianity, an account of their decline in modern philosophy, and a discussion of the different conceptions of philosophy that have companied the trajectory and fate of the theory and practice of spiritual exercises. Hadot’s “Forms of Life and Forms of Discourse in Ancient Philosophy” provides an overview of his major themes and preoccupations, and gives some indication of the historical scope of his work. This lecture also illuminates the methodological problems one faces in studying the history of thought, especially problems concerning the evolution, reinterpretation, and even misunderstanding of the meaning and significance of philosophical terminology. In this brief introduction, I can do no more than attempt to provide a context for Hadot’s inaugural lecture, by way of summary of his major work, and, more specifically for reader’s of Critical Inquiry, to sketch the profound importance that Hadot’s writings had for the last works of Michel Foucault. Arnold I. Davidson, executive editor of Critical Inquiry, is associate professor of philosophy and a member of the Committees on the Conceptual Foundations of Science and General Studies in the Humanities at the University of Chicago. He introduced and edited the “Symposium on Heidegger and Nazism” . He is currently working on the history of horror as it relates to the epistemology of norms and deviations. (shrink)