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  1. Origins of knowledge.Elizabeth S. Spelke, Karen Breinlinger, Janet Macomber & Kristen Jacobson - 1992 - Psychological Review 99 (4):605-632.
    Experiments with young infants provide evidence for early-developing capacities to represent physical objects and to reason about object motion. Early physical reasoning accords with 2 constraints at the center of mature physical conceptions: continuity and solidity. It fails to accord with 2 constraints that may be peripheral to mature conceptions: gravity and inertia. These experiments suggest that cognition develops concurrently with perception and action and that development leads to the enrichment of conceptions around an unchanging core. The experiments challenge claims (...)
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  • Young infants' reasoning about hidden objects: evidence from violation-of-expectation tasks with test trials only.S. Wang - 2004 - Cognition 93 (3):167-198.
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  • Object permanence in five-month-old infants.Elizabeth S. Spelke - 1985 - Cognition 20 (3):191-208.
    A new method was devised to test object permanence in young infants. Fivemonth-old infants were habituated to a screen that moved back and forth through a 180-degree arc, in the manner of a drawbridge. After infants reached habituation, a box was centered behind the screen. Infants were shown two test events: a possible event and an impossible event. In the possible event, the screen stopped when it reached the occluded box; in the impossible event, the screen moved through the space (...)
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  • The dynamics of embodiment: A field theory of infant perseverative reaching.Esther Thelen, Gregor Schöner, Christian Scheier & Linda B. Smith - 2001 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24 (1):1-34.
    The overall goal of this target article is to demonstrate a mechanism for an embodied cognition. The particular vehicle is a much-studied, but still widely debated phenomenon seen in 7–12 month-old-infants. In Piaget's classic “A-not-B error,” infants who have successfully uncovered a toy at location “A” continue to reach to that location even after they watch the toy hidden in a nearby location “B.” Here, we question the traditional explanations of the error as an indicator of infants' concepts of objects (...)
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  • The effects of motor skill on object permanence.T. G. R. Bower & Jennifer G. Wishart - 1972 - Cognition 1 (2-3):165-172.
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  • Reasoning about a hidden object after a delay: Evidence for robust representations in 5-month-old infants.Yuyan Luo, Renée Baillargeon, Laura Brueckner & Yuko Munakata - 2003 - Cognition 88 (3):B23-B32.
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  • Rethinking infant knowledge: Toward an adaptive process account of successes and failures in object permanence tasks.Yuko Munakata, James L. McClelland, Mark H. Johnson & Robert S. Siegler - 1997 - Psychological Review 104 (4):686-713.
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