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  1. Informed consent to HIV cure research.Danielle Bromwich & Joseph R. Millum - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (2):108-113.
    Trials with highly unfavourable risk–benefit ratios for participants, like HIV cure trials, raise questions about the quality of the consent of research participants. Why, it may be asked, would a person with HIV who is doing well on antiretroviral therapy be willing to jeopardise his health by enrolling in such a trial? We distinguish three concerns: first, how information is communicated to potential participants; second, participants’ motivations for enrolling in potentially high risk research with no prospect of direct benefit; and (...)
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  • Cure research and consent: the Mississippi Baby, Barney Clark, Baby Fae and Martin Delaney.George J. Annas - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (2):104-107.
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  • Informed consent for HIV cure research in South Africa: issues to consider.Ciara Staunton - 2015 - BMC Medical Ethics 16 (1):3.
    South Africa has made great progress in the development of HIV/AIDS testing, treatment and prevention campaigns. Yet, it is clear that prevention and treatment campaigns alone are not enough to bring this epidemic under control.
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  • Exploring the risk/benefit balance in biomedical research: some considerations.Derrick E. Aarons - 2017 - Revista Bioética 25 (2):320-327.
    Risk and benefit assessment is one of the fundamental requirements in the ethical review of research involving human participants. As a result, researchers should evaluate and seek to minimize all foreseeable risks involved in their proposed research and members of research ethics committees should evaluate and balance the risks and potential benefits involved in each research proposal as a part of their ethical obligations regarding research protocols. However, current literature provides little detailed guidance on the specifics of how this balancing (...)
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  • Must research benefit human subjects if it is to be permissible?Daniel Wikler - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (2):114-117.
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  • Misunderstanding in Clinical Research: Distinguishing Therapeutic Misconception, Therapeutic Misestimation, & Therapeutic Optimism.Sam Horng & Christine Grady - 2003 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 25 (1):11.
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  • A framework for risk-benefit evaluations in biomedical research.Annette Rid & David Wendler - 2011 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 21 (2):141-179.
    One of the key ethical requirements for biomedical research is that it have an acceptable risk-benefit profile (Emanuel, Wendler, and Grady 2000). The International Conference of Harmonization guidelines mandate that clinical trials should be initiated and continued only if “the anticipated benefits justify the risks” (1996). Guidelines from the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences state that biomedical research is acceptable only if the “potential benefits and risks are reasonably balanced” (2002). U.S. federal regulations require that the “risks to (...)
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  • (1 other version)Bench to bedside: Mapping the moral terrain of clinical research.Steven Joffe & Franklin G. Miller - 2008 - Hastings Center Report 38 (2):30-42.
    : Medical research is widely thought to have a fundamentally therapeutic orientation, in spite of the fact that clinical research is thought to be ethically distinct from medical care. We need an entirely new conception of clinical research ethics—one that looks to science instead of the doctor-patient relationship.
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  • First-in-human HIV-remission studies: reducing and justifying risk.Rebecca Dresser - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (2):78-81.
    Interest and excitement surround the possibility of developing measures that produce sustained or permanent HIV remission in infected individuals. First-in-human (FIH) trials are one step in exploring this possibility. Initial human trials raise the usual ethical issues associated with human research, and a set of distinct issues. Because the potential direct benefits to FIH trial volunteers will be either small or non-existent, trial risks must be justified by the social value of the information the trials are expected to produce. To (...)
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  • Healing Without Waging War: Beyond Military Metaphors in Medicine and HIV Cure Research.Jing-Bao Nie, Adam Gilbertson, Malcolm de Roubaix, Ciara Staunton, Anton van Niekerk, Joseph D. Tucker & Stuart Rennie - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics 16 (10):3-11.
    Military metaphors are pervasive in biomedicine, including HIV research. Rooted in the mind set that regards pathogens as enemies to be defeated, terms such as “shock and kill” have become widely accepted idioms within HIV cure research. Such language and symbolism must be critically examined as they may be especially problematic when used to express scientific ideas within emerging health-related fields. In this article, philosophical analysis and an interdisciplinary literature review utilizing key texts from sociology, anthropology, history, and Chinese and (...)
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  • On the Alleged Right to Participate in High‐Risk Research.Joanna Różyńska - 2015 - Bioethics 29 (7):451-461.
    Reigning regulatory frameworks for biomedical research impose on researchers and research ethics committees an obligation to protect research participants from risks that are unnecessary, disproportionate to potential research benefits, and non-minimized. Where the research has no potential to produce results of direct benefit to the subjects and the subjects are unable to give consent, these requirements are strengthened by an additional condition, that risks should not exceed a certain minimal threshold. In this article, I address the question of whether there (...)
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  • The ethics of talking about ‘HIV cure’.Stuart Rennie, Mark Siedner, Joseph D. Tucker & Keymanthri Moodley - 2015 - BMC Medical Ethics 16 (1):18.
    In 2008, researchers reported that Timothy Brown , a man with HIV infection and leukemia, received a stem-cell transplant that removed HIV from his body as far as can be detected. In 2013, an infant born with HIV infection received anti-retroviral treatment shortly after birth, but was then lost to the health care system for the next six months. When tested for HIV upon return, the child had no detectable viral load despite cessation of treatment. These remarkable clinical developments have (...)
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  • How to keep high-risk studies ethical: classifying candidate solutions.Nir Eyal - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (2):74-77.
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  • Thinking Clearly about Research Risk: Implications of the Work of Benjamin Freedman.Charles Weijer - 1999 - IRB: Ethics & Human Research 21 (6):1.
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  • For love and money: the need to rethink benefits in HIV cure studies.Emily Largent - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (2):96-99.
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  • Risk and radical uncertainty in HIV research.Caspar Hare - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (2):87-89.
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  • The social value of candidate HIV cures: actualism versus possibilism.Regina Brown & Nicholas Greig Evans - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (2):118-123.
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  • The Ethics of Altruism in Clinical Research.Lynn A. Jansen - 2009 - Hastings Center Report 39 (4):26-36.
    If people sometimes participate in research because of altruism—because they want to help in the search for treatments—should we revise our views about what kinds of experiments are ethical? If participants act out of altruism, we might let them accept greater risks than we would if they are motivated only by a desire for personal gain. But how can we know when participants are genuinely altruistic?
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  • Reconceptualising risk–benefit analyses: the case of HIV cure research.Robert Steel - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (3):212-219.
    Modern antiretroviral therapies are capable of suppressing HIV in the bloodstream to undetectable levels. Nonetheless, people living with HIV must maintain lifelong adherence to ART to avoid the re-emergence of the infection. So despite the existence and efficacy of ART, there is still substantial interest in development of a cure. But HIV cure trials can be risky, their success is as of yet unlikely, and the medical gain of being cured is limited against a baseline of ART access. The medical (...)
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  • The benefit/risk ratio challenge in clinical research, and the case of HIV cure: an introduction.Nir Eyal - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (2):65-66.
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  • An activist's argument that participant values should guide risk–benefit ratio calculations in HIV cure research.David Evans - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (2):100-103.
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  • When to start paediatric testing of the adult HIV cure research agenda?Seema K. Shah - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (2):82-86.
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  • Addressing the Ethical Challenges of First in-Human Trials.Audrey R. Chapman - 2011 - Journal of Clinical Research and Bioethics 2 (4).
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  • A Critique of Clinical Equipoise: Therapeutic Misconception in the Ethics of Clinical Trials.Franklin G. Miller & Howard Brody - 2003 - Hastings Center Report 33 (3):19-28.
    A predominant ethical view holds that physician‐investigators should conduct their research with therapeutic intent. And since a physician offering a therapy wouldn't prescribe second‐rate treatments, the experimental intervention and the best proven therapy should appear equally effective. "Clinical equipoise" is necessary. But this perspective is flawed. The ethics of research and of therapy are fundamentally different, and clinical equipoise should be abandoned.
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  • Synergies, tensions and challenges in HIV prevention, treatment and cure research: exploratory conversations with HIV experts in South Africa.Keymanthri Moodley, Theresa Rossouw, Ciara Staunton & Christopher J. Colvin - 2016 - BMC Medical Ethics 17 (1):26.
    BackgroundThe ethical concerns associated with HIV prevention and treatment research have been widely explored in South Africa over the past 3 decades. However, HIV cure research is relatively new to the region and significant ethical and social challenges are anticipated. There has been no published empirical enquiry in Africa into key informant perspectives on HIV cure research. Consequently, this study was conducted to gain preliminary data from South African HIV clinicians, researchers and activists.MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted on a purposive sample (...)
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  • (1 other version)Mapping the Moral Terrain of Clinical Research.Steven Joffe & Franklin G. Miller - 2012 - Hastings Center Report 38 (2):30-42.
    Medical research is widely thought to have a fundamentally therapeutic orientation, in spite of the fact that clinical research is thought to be ethically distinct from medical care. We need an entirely new conception of clinical research ethics—one that looks to science instead of the doctor‐patient relationship.
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  • Improving on effective antiretroviral therapy: how good will a cure have to be?Kenneth A. Freedberg & Paul E. Sax - 2017 - Journal of Medical Ethics 43 (2):71-73.
    Over the past two decades we have seen dramatic improvements in the efficacy, safety and availibity of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In the USA and Europe, life expectancy in people living with HIV disease approaches that of the HIV-uninfected.1 Even in regions hardest hit by the HIV epidemic, effective HIV therapy has reversed more than a decade of HIV-related decreased survival. Despite these advances in ART, motivations to pursue HIV cure remain strong due to the toxicity, adherence challenges, cost and access (...)
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