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  1. Understanding Shareholder Activism: Which Corporations are Targeted?Kathleen Rehbein, Sandra Waddock & Samuel B. Graves - 2004 - Business and Society 43 (3):239-267.
    This study provides preliminary empirical evidence that shareholder activists target companies because of their size as well as specific stakeholder-related practices. The data show that shareholder activists target companies with shareholder resolutions demanding changes in corporate behaviors for companies producing problematic products and where environmental concerns exist. Furthermore, companies in specific industries are targeted based on poor employee and community-related practices. Activists, that is, are selective in their targeting of companies, choosing the most visible (largest) companies and those whose practices (...)
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  • Corporate Social Responsibility : Theory and Practice in a Developing Country Context.Dima Jamali & Ramez Mirshak - 2007 - Journal of Business Ethics 72 (3):243-262.
    After providing an overview of Corporate Social Responsibility research in different contexts, and noting the varied methodologies adopted, two robust CSR conceptualizations - one by Carroll, 497-505) and the other by Wood, 691-717) - have been adopted for this research and their integration explored. Using this newly synthesized framework, the research critically examines the CSR approach and philosophy of eight companies that are considered active in CSR in the Lebanese context. The findings suggest the lack of a systematic, focused, and (...)
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  • Corporate Reputation and Philanthropy: An Empirical Analysis.Stephen Brammer & Andrew Millington - 2005 - Journal of Business Ethics 61 (1):29-44.
    This paper analyzes the determinants of corporate reputation within a sample of large UK companies drawn from a diverse range of industries. We pay particular attention to the role that philanthropic expenditures and policies may play in shaping the perceptions of companies among their stakeholders. Our findings highlight that companies which make higher levels of philanthropic expenditures have better reputations and that this effect varies significantly across industries. Given that reputational indices tend to reflect the financial performance of organizations above (...)
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  • CSR-based Differentiation Strategy of Export Firms From Developing Countries: An Exploratory Study of the Strategy Tripod. [REVIEW]Mario Henrique Ogasavara, Dirk Michael Boehe & Luciano Barin Cruz - 2015 - Business and Society 54 (6):723-762.
    This study investigates the influences of the strategy tripod, an established concept in the international business literature, on a corporate social responsibility -based differentiation strategy for export firms. This strategy is conceived as consisting of product-level and firm-level CSR. Using a sample of 195 Brazilian export firms, the authors find that innovation capabilities, international market exposure, and institutional pressures significantly influence product-level CSR; however, the latter two factors influence firm-level CSR only through their mediating effects on product-level CSR. This study (...)
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  • Social License and Environmental Protection: Why Businesses Go Beyond Compliance.Neil Gunningham, Robert A. Kagan & Dorothy Thornton - 2004 - Law and Social Inquiry 29 (2).
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  • (2 other versions)Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Asia.Chapple Wendy & Moon Jeremy - 2005 - Business and Society 44 (4):415-441.
    This article addresses four hypotheses: (a) that corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Asia is not homogeneous but varies among countries, (b) that the variation is explained by stages of development, (c) that globalization enhances the adoption of CSR in Asia, and (d) that national business systems structure the profile of multinational corporations’ CSR. These hypotheses are investigated through analysis of Web site reporting of 50 companies in seven Asian countries: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea, Singapore, and Thailand. The (...)
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  • (2 other versions)Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Asia.Wendy Chapple & Jeremy Moon - 2005 - Business and Society 44 (4):415-441.
    This article addresses four hypotheses: (a) that corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Asia is not homogeneous but varies among countries, (b) that the variation is explained by stages of development, (c) that globalization enhances the adoption of CSR in Asia, and (d) that national business systems structure the profile of multinational corporations’ CSR. These hypotheses are investigated through analysis of Web site reporting of 50 companies in seven Asian countries: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea, Singapore, and Thailand. The (...)
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  • The Legitimacy of CSR Actions of Publicly Traded Companies Versus Family-Owned Companies.Rajat Panwar, Karen Paul, Erlend Nybakk, Eric Hansen & Derek Thompson - 2014 - Journal of Business Ethics 125 (3):1-16.
    Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is one of the ways through which companies gain legitimacy. However, CSR actions themselves are subject to public skepticism because of increased public awareness of greenwashing and scandalous corporate behavior. Legitimacy of CSR actions is indeed influenced by the actions of the company but also is rooted in the basic cultural values of a society and in the ideologies of evaluators. This study examines the legitimacy of CSR actions of publicly traded forest products companies as compared (...)
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  • Striving for Legitimacy Through Corporate Social Responsibility: Insights from Oil Companies. [REVIEW]Shuili Du & Edward T. Vieira - 2012 - Journal of Business Ethics 110 (4):413-427.
    Being a controversial industry, oil companies turn to corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a means to obtain legitimacy. Adopting a case study methodology, this research examines the characteristics of CSR strategies and CSR communication tactics of six oil companies by analyzing their 2011–2012 web site content. We found that all six companies engaged in CSR activities addressing the needs of various stakeholders and had cross-sector partnerships. CSR information on these companies’ web sites was easily accessible, often involving the use of (...)
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  • Corporate Social Responsibility for Developing Country Multinational Corporations: Lost War in Pertaining Global Competitiveness? [REVIEW]Philippe Gugler & Jacylyn Y. J. Shi - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 87 (1):3 - 24.
    This article explores the conceptual and practical gap existing between the developed and developing countries in relation to corporate social responsibility (CSR), or the North-South ' CSR Divide', through the analysis of possible impact on the competitiveness of developing countries' and economies' SMEs and MNEs in globalization. To do so, this article first reviewed the traditional wisdom on the concept of strategic CSR developed in the North and the role that CSR engagement can play in corporate competitiveness, and compare with (...)
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  • The social and environmental responsibilities of multinationals: Evidence from the Brent Spar case. [REVIEW]Stelios C. Zyglidopoulos - 2002 - Journal of Business Ethics 36 (1-2):141 - 151.
    This paper argues that multinational corporations face levels of environmental and social responsibility higher than their national counterparts. Drawing on the literatures of stakeholder salience, corporate reputation management, and evidence from the confrontation between Shell and Greenpeace over the Brent Spar, in 1995, two mechanisms – international reputation side effects, and foreign stakeholder salience – are identified and their contribution in creating an environment more restrictive, in terms of environmental and social responsibility, is elaborated on. The paper concludes with discussing (...)
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  • Profits and principles: Four perspectives. [REVIEW]Johan J. Graafland - 2002 - Journal of Business Ethics 35 (4):293 - 305.
    This article clarifies the relationship between profits and principles by distinguishing four alternative perspectives: the win-win perspective in which ethical behaviour generates the highest profits; a licence-to-operate perspective in which a minimum ethical performance is required to receive legitimation from the society; an acceptable profits perspective, in which an acceptable profitability is required to assure the financial continuity; and an integrated perspective. These four perspectives are illustrated by statements from Shell reports and from interviews with managers of a large European (...)
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