Immanuel Kant suffered from health issues for all of his life and spoke openly about them, particularly in his later years. He was most interested in chemistry and pharmaceutics, remained strongly opposed towards Jenner's inoculation, and considered all the drugs sold in a pharmacy as poisons.

Samuel Thomas (von) Soemmerring (1755–1830) war ein umfassend gebildeter und vielseitig interessierter Aufklärer, der sich vor allem als (Neuro-)Anatom anhaltende Berühmtheit ver- diente. Unrühmliche Bedeutung erlangten seine Untersuchung „zur körperlichen Verschiedenheit des Mohren vom Europäer“ und sein Versuch, die menschliche Seele im Liquor cerebrospinalis zu verorten. Weitgehend in Vergessenheit geraten sind seine Ver- dienste um die Gesundheit der Frauen und auch mancher Kna- ben, die ehedem in ein Korsett gezwungen wurden. Kants Kritik an Soemmerrings Organ der Seele (1796) nahm moderne (...) neuro- biologische Konzepte der Neurotransmission vorweg und inspi- rierte Soemmerring zum Bau eines einfachen Nervensystems, dem elektrolytischen Telegrafenapparat. (shrink)

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) had not been a close friend of Johann Daniel Metzger (1739-1805), the most productive professor at the Medical Faculty of Königsberg and specialist for social and forensic medicine. Kant felt, that many somatic diseases needed philosophical support, while severe mental illness should exclusively and safely be treated with the veterinary procedures of medicine as all rational, sensible interventions were in vain. According to Kant, Metzger's outstanding domain, forensic issues, could only be resolved by philosophy. Metzger used his (...) anonymous obituary on Kant to set several things straight. (shrink)

Kant and Medicine - the Philosopher as Anthropologist, Physician and Patient. It remains uncertain whether the student Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) truly wanted to become a physician or only said this in order to please a sponsor. Due to his narrow chest and other typical weaknesses of a scholar he considered himself a hypochondriac and cautiously kept his distance from dangerous illnesses, especially those of the mind. He inspired his students - including Herder, Herz, Lenz and Hoffmann - far less with (...) logic and metaphysics than with exciting findings about far away countries, their alien inhabitants and the health dangers lurking in exotic parts of the world. He called for philosophical treatment of physical illnesses beyond the limited "veterinary" approach of medicine. He claimed the responsibility of the philosophy faculty for forensic questions. Kant developed original ideas about the seat of the soul, which led to the construction of a first model of the brain including functioning synapses. He was unable to overcome reservations about smallpox vaccination because he feared a change in the germ line. He wanted to see "how long the stuff would last" and during his later decades used all the classic dietetics to successfully extend his life. These sex res non-naturales continue to play a significant role in the prevention of widespread diseases today. Then an "electric revolution of the air strata" took its toll on him. Towards the end, his confidants were to look at him like a child, who, however, left posterity an extensive work with deep insights into his thinking, the Opus postumum. (shrink)