In abstract argumentation, each argument is regarded as atomic. There is no internal structure to an argument. Also, there is no specification of what is an argument or an attack. They are assumed to be given. This abstract perspective provides many advantages for studying the nature of argumentation, but it does not cover all our needs for understanding argumentation or for building tools for supporting or undertaking argumentation. If we want a more detailed formalization of arguments than is available with (...) abstract argumentation, we can turn to structured argumentation, which is the topic of this special issue of Argument and Computation. In structured argumentation, we assume a formal language for representing knowledge and specifying how arguments and counterarguments can be constructed from that knowledge. An argument is then said to be structured in the sense that normally, the premises and claim of the argument are made explicit, and the relationship between the premises and claim is formally defined (for instance, using logical entailment). In this introduction, we provide a brief overview of the approaches covered in this special issue on structured argumentation. (shrink)

The global Climate Change has unprecedented consequences in terms of scale and severity over human life. The accumulation of greenhouse gases and CFCs has increased environmental deterioration which is called global warming. Erratic changes in weather, brutal blizzards and floods, vicious heat wave etc. are only some of the effects of climate change. But the most dangerous effect of climate change is the melting of ice caps on the poles due to which sea levels are rising dangerously and life at (...) the poles is threatened. It is also a reality that habitation in several countries , not very much above the sea-level, for example, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Indonesia, which have a threat of huge displacement of human beings and domestic animals due to global warming. The survival of millions of people in developing countries like India is more vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change because of their limited capacity in terms of human financial and institutional resources. India is the world’s fourth largest economy and fifth largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter, accounting for about 5% of global emissions. India’s emissions increased 65% between 1990 and 2005 and are projected to grow another 70% by 2020. The major impacts of Climate Change on India are major shifts in temperature, effect on monsoons, rising of sea levels, change in crop cycle, etc. India has prepared the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) in 2008 for energy efficiency and sustainable development. India is a part to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Under the Ministry of Environment and Forests, a National Inventory Management System (NIMS) has been formed to generate a comprehensive knowledge base on scientific issues related to climate change and mitigation. This paper highlights the issue of impacts of climate change and measures adopted by the government to minimize the dangers. (shrink)

Biological diversity or biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, comprising millions of plants, animals, microorganisms and the genes they contain. It simply means the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species in their natural environments or the diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat. Environmental ethics is a branch of ethics and a form of philosophy which deals with the studies of relation of human beings and the environment. It includes a (...) moral consideration of human approach to natural resources and believes that human as well as other living creatures as parts of society. Biggest environmental ethic for human is to care for creation. (shrink)

As businesses and individuals increasingly rely on cloud computing for a vast array of services, the need for robust cloud security becomes ever more critical. Cloud environments offer unparalleled flexibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness but simultaneously introduce a complex security landscape that poses significant challenges. The importance of safeguarding data, applications, and systems from cyber threats in the cloud is paramount to maintaining the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of digital assets. This paper explores the evolving landscape of cloud security, identifying the (...) risks and vulnerabilities inherent in cloud computing and the key strategies and technologies used to mitigate them. We introduce a comprehensive framework for cloud security that incorporates encryption, access management, threat detection, and compliance adherence. Emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and blockchain are also discussed, showcasing their role in transforming cloud security practices. By analyzing best practices and future trends, this paper provides a roadmap for securing the digital frontier in an era increasingly defined by cloud computing. (shrink)

This is an introduction to the section on Music and Politics including a description of the context of these essays, their individual contributions and their thematic interrelations.

In today's increasingly digital and interconnected business environment, organizations face significant challenges in managing multiple systems, applications, and data streams. SAP plays a central role in integrating these diverse systems and enabling seamless data flow across various platforms. Through solutions like SAP S/4HANA, SAP Cloud Platform, and SAP Integration Suite, businesses can create a unified digital ecosystem that connects onpremise, cloud-based, and third-party applications. These integration capabilities are critical for enhancing operational efficiency, improving decision-making, and fostering innovation. This paper explores (...) the role of SAP as a foundation for enterprise integration, highlighting its technologies, benefits, challenges, and real-world use cases. Additionally, it discusses how organizations can leverage SAP solutions to bridge the gap between legacy systems, modern applications, and emerging technologies in the digital age. (shrink)

A systematic survey of Rapti River was conducted once in a month for a period of one year from August 2018 to July 2019 from ten collection sites of Shravasti and Balrampur districts. Its main aim was to find out ichthyofaunal diversity and their conservation status. The results of the present study revealed the occurrence of 46 species belonging to 30 genera 19 families and 9 orders. The family Cyprinidae were dominated by 13 species followed by Bagridae (6 species); Ophiocephalidae (...) (4 species); Siluridae (3 species); Schileidae, Clariidae, Gobiidae, Notopteridae and Mastacembeleidae each with two species; Saccobranchidae, Chacidae, Ophiocephalidae, Gobiidae, Anabantidae, Nandidae, Osphronemidae, Ambassidae, Clupeidae, Eugraulidae, Belonidae and Tetradontidae each with one species. The fishes in these areas are under threat due to anthropogenic activities such as overfishing and pollution hence authors strongly recommend practical conservation action plan to prevent the species from extinction. (shrink)

For Insect Classification there are many methods proposed. To find the more suitable classifier we have implemented two different methods of classification, Custom CNN and Transfer Learning. We observed the accuracy and loss parameters during training phase and validation phase on both Custom CNN and Transfer learning methods. In Transfer Learning we have created the base model from the pre-trained model MobileNetV2. This model is further trained on Imagenet Dataset which consists of 1.2M labeled images .We compared all attributes of (...) both models on this dataset. Recorded Accuracy and Loss for training and Validation. From the results we found that Custom CNN model works better than Transfer Learning for this dataset. This model can also be used for education and farming purpose. (shrink)

The study is based on primary data which are collected with the help of a structured schedule from four different castes of population spread over North Tripura District and Unokuti District of Tripura. Stratified random sampling technique was applied for the collection of data at household level where the sample units are the adult women in the age group of 18 - 55 years. All the data are collected based on the criteria of balanced representation of different social castes such (...) as ST, SC, OBC and General in the sample. Altogether 90 samples have been collected. Main objective of the study is to determine the morbidity status and also to determine the key variables which affect morbidity status of the people of North Tripura. Binary logistic regression model has been applied to determine the key determinants of morbidity status. It has been found that age of the respondent, respondents per day calorie intake and educational level of the respondents are the key determinants of morbidity status of the respondents. The model as a whole explained between 30.6% (Cox & Snell R Square) and 41.1 %( Nagelkerke R Square). And ᵡ2 (6.460, N=90) =32.811. (shrink)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers transformative capabilities in enhancing public safety, such as improving crime detection, traffic management, and healthcare. However, as AI systems are increasingly employed by governments and organizations, they raise significant concerns regarding privacy, civil liberties, and ethical governance. The use of AI in surveillance, predictive policing, and data collection poses challenges in ensuring the protection of individual freedoms while maintaining security. This paper examines the responsible use of AI in balancing public safety with individual freedoms, analyzing key (...) ethical considerations, technological limitations, and frameworks for governance. It explores the importance of transparency, accountability, and stakeholder engagement in creating an AI ecosystem that respects human rights while addressing the needs of public safety. (shrink)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers transformative capabilities in enhancing public safety, such as improving crime detection, traffic management, and healthcare. However, as AI systems are increasingly employed by governments and organizations, they raise significant concerns regarding privacy, civil liberties, and ethical governance. The use of AI in surveillance, predictive policing, and data collection poses challenges in ensuring the protection of individual freedoms while maintaining security. This paper examines the responsible use of AI in balancing public safety with individual freedoms, analyzing key (...) ethical considerations, technological limitations, and frameworks for governance. It explores the importance of transparency, accountability, and stakeholder engagement in creating an AI ecosystem that respects human rights while addressing the needs of public safety. (shrink)

Strategic Cost Management (SCM) is a key area of financial planning that enables companies to maximize the utilization of resources, enhance profitability, and reach long-term financial wellness. Differing from traditional cost-cutting, SCM integrates costing, budgeting, and decision-making as an essential part of an overall strategic framework. Techniques such as Activity-Based Costing (ABC), Target Costing, and Life Cycle Costing help organizations determine drivers of cost and align their cost structures with company objectives. SCM also helps in developing budget models, risk minimization (...) strategies, and financial projections that help in ensuring sustainable business development. In spite of its strategic advantage, most companies persist in applying aged practices that only care about reducing costs in the short term at the expense of the long run. The benefits of tools like AI-based cost analysis and real-time financial surveillance are not tapped to their fullest potential, particularly among small and medium-sized firms (SMEs), due to resource inadequacies and skilled manpower deficits. This research delves into SCM's contributions to financial planning and decision-making and provides implementable recommendations to companies, finance professionals, and policymakers. (shrink)

In This project focuses on employing machine learning techniques to forecast future events by retaining data over time intervals. Right now, the main tools for this job are things like Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), including different types like LSTM & GRU. Employing machine learning methods has demonstrated effectiveness in analyzing stock prices, one can enhance decision-making accuracy. The adoption of ML techniques for stock value forecasting has surged in recent times. This research aims to construct an artificially intelligent model specialized (...) in estimating stock prices of specific companies. The focal point of this investigation revolves around employing LSTM a type of RNN, as the primary methodology . (shrink)

The significance of courier services has been stressed in today’s fast-paced world since they serve as a link between companies and customers. The expectation of receiving goods and deliveries the same day or within a few days has now become the global standard for the majority of nations. The demand for such delivery services has been significantly altered by the expansion of online selling, E-commerce, and consumer online shopping behaviours. In the Philippines, courier services have expanded along with online shopping, (...) and the ability to buy and sell goods online has increased the demand for these services. A web-based platform called an online courier booking management software optimises all activities associated to the courier industry. It manages the entire procedure, beginning with the booking ofthe package and ending with its collection and delivery. The process is transparent because all the parcel information and the current status are displayed on a single screen. (shrink)