Hyperthermia-induced vasoconstriction is a paradoxical physiological phenomenon that has limited explanation and exploration in research, despite being observed in clinical case studies. The bodily response of vasoconstriction and vasodilation to increased heat loss and gain respectively work on the principle that heat transfer through the amount of vascular surface area exposed can be moderated in order to be minimised or maximised. Hyperthermia-induced vasoconstriction likely transitions from the break point of maximal limit of vasodilation to counter extreme heat (...) loss beyond this point and to mitigate the potential detrimental effect in arterial pressure disturbance by extreme temperature condition. We also propose an additional explanation of this physiological counter mechanism based on the perspective of body core-peripheral steep temperature gradient reduction during hyperthermia or significant temperature increase, and a spontaneous tendency to avoid unstable blood pressure perturbation. (shrink)

The paradoxical phenomena of hyperthermia-induced vasoconstriction, hyperthermia- induced hypothermia, and hyperthermia induced arterial vasoconstriction have been observed in animal heatstroke clinical case studies. We attempt to explain the basic mechanism behind such findings in terms of the principle of body heat conservation and natural countermeasure against heat exposure through reduction in the extent of vascular surface area exposed. One study which examined the outcome of heating a rabbit carotid artery produced graded vasoconstriction which is proportional to temperature (...) increase. These interesting results pointed out a spontaneous physiological counteractive measure to minimize organ and/or arterial surface area heat exposure through vasoconstriction which might otherwise prompt excessive heat gain from the ambient environment, or vasodilation, should it occur. When a blood vessel or artery constricts through smooth muscle activation, the amount of vascular surface area being exposed, whether to heat that is external from or internal within the body, is reduced. Since such vasoconstriction is proportional to temperature increase, the speed or rate at which this constriction responds and therefore, the extent of vascular surface area being reduced, may be drastic with extreme means of bodily cooling under a heat wave environment, such as whole-body cold-water bath or shower. The reason being extreme vasoconstriction of both cerebral and peripheral blood vessels, which may result in increased intravascular pressure due to intravascular spatial volume decrease and as an above study concluded, cerebral blood flow decreases and ischemia brain damage. (shrink)

High blood pressure is an important component of pre-eclampsia. The underlying mechanism of development of hypertension in pre-eclampsia is complicated and still remains obscure. Several theories have been advanced including endothelial dysfunction, uteroplacental insufficiency leading to generalized vasoconstriction, increased cardiac output, and sympathetic hyperactivity. Increased blood flow and pressure are thought to lead to capillary dilatation, which damages end-organ sites, leading to hypertension, proteinuria and edema. Additional theories have been put forward based on epidemiological research, implicating immunological and genetic (...) factors. None of these theories have been substantiated. Based on a review of literature this paper postulates that the initiating event for the development of preeclampsia is intermittent hypoxia associated with irregular breathing during sleep, hypoapnea, apnea,inadequate respiratory excursions during the waking hours and inadequate cardiopulmonary synchronization (abnormal sympatho-vagal balance). (shrink)