В последние два-три года среди многочислен- ных проблем в отношении европейской и американской экономики все чаще стала упоминаться опасность дефляции. При этом в каче- стве примера рассматривается японская экономика, которая уже два десятилетия страдает от дефляции, несмотря на огромные раз- меры финансовых вливаний и усилия правительства разогнать ин- фляцию. В западных экономиках инфляция также низкая, времена- ми нулевая, переходящая в дефляцию. В целом есть основания счи- тать, что страны Европы заболевают «японской болезнью», а также что эта «болезнь» может прогрессировать либо (...) носить хрониче- ский характер. В США, хотя и в меньшей степени, также имеются признаки этой «болезни». В результате финансовые вливания мо- гут стать, как и в Японии, постоянными. В разделе показаны при- чины этой проблемы, объяснена неравномерность процессов инфляции – дефляции в мире, сделаны прогнозы. (shrink)

This paper is dedicated to V. V. Rosanov views on the issue of sexual love. Analyzing the system of Rosanov’s notions of the God, nature and sex, authors show how the philosopher is trying to create pansexualistic quasireligious doctrine versus Christianity. The thinker is referred to as a radical ideologist of mystical-erotic revolution and a mouthpiece of peculiar to Russian culture trend towards the construction of a national religion.

Стаття присвячена дослідженню ідей Макса Штірнера та Луї-Фердинанда Селіна у контексті розвитку логіки індивідуалізму. Автор визначає простір спільності Штірнера та Селіна як займання позиції емпіричного суб’єкта, етичною стратегією якого виступає егоїзм, а ключовою проблемою – співвідношення єдиного та множини. Наступним кроком стає виявлення концептуальних розбіжностей між вказаними авторами: орієнтація Єдиного на самонасолодження та неминуче зіткнення з Іншим Селіна, егоїзм як філософська доктрина та егоїзм як ситуативний вибір, а також політична незалученість Штірнера та політична мімікрія Селіна. У статті на прикладі руху (...) від вчення Штірнера до художньої прози Селіна висвітлюється можливість розгортання індивідуалістичної логіки через вихід її за межі філософії в інші культурні сфери. (shrink)

The article is devoted to study of the modes of inheritance of cultural symbols. In particular, it is a research of perception in Christianity of preceding cultures’ archetypes. The study provides the analysis of semantic links between the symbols of the World Tree, the Vivifying Cross and the meaning of the Blessed Virgin image. The article shows how the pre-Christian symbols of the World Tree and the cross itself were merged and transformed in Christian theology, liturgy and iconography in the (...) image of Golgotha Cross. The cross acquires the features of a Cosmic Tree, which combines the lower and the upper worlds – the heaven and the earth, life and death. The symbol of the tree is often substituted by the image of a woman appearing in this case as a symbol of life and fertility and evokes the associations with the genealogical tree. Therefore, the connection between the World Tree and the Blessed Virgin is proved to be natural. On the basis of the historical sources the author analyzes the legends and evidences of the revelations and discoveries of the Blessed Mary’s icons on the trees of a certain kinds. The study explicates the symbolic meaning of those trees spread in a global world, in Slavic and Ukrainian cultural traditions. In particular, the research encloses the semantics of the following kinds of trees: fir tree, linden, pear tree, oak, willow, blackthorn. Every kind of those trees has a special symbolic meaning. The novelty of the research is that it for the first time proves the semantic connection of sacred meaning of miracle icons and of the certain kinds of trees. The study defines the limited range of those trees and, on the other hand, the kinds of other trees believed to be vile and thus never appeared in the legends about the discoveries of miracle icons. As a conclusion, the research proves the existence of the autochtonal tradition of correlation of the semantics of miracle icons of Our Lady with the certain kinds of trees in the result of synthesis of the ancient symbolism and Christianity. In every case, the symbolic meanings of trees had archaic origin and connection with the ancient cosmogonical concepts. Depending on the particular semantic nuance emphasized in the World Tree, the priority of a certain kind of tree determined. On the whole, the study demonstrates the importance of the symbols in forming of cultural identity and for understanding of interrelations of cultures at the deep semantic level. (shrink)

Purpose of the work is to identify and justify the moral priorities in multicultural communication. Theoretical basis is the works of foreign and Ukrainian authors, revealing the main approaches to the problem of multiculturalism; studies on ethics and philosophical anthropology that define the problem field in the anthropo-logy of morality. The work uses: the conceptual provisions of phenomenology – for the disclosure of the semantic uncertainty of human existence as a prerequisite of moral search; existential philosophy – to substantiate the (...) essential relationship of a man and culture. Originality of the results obtained consists of 1) understanding multiculturalism as a "dialogue of people", in which the moral search of every person is actualized; 2) in justifying the demand for inter-individual communication of "negative" ethics : its requirement not to commit immoral acts stimulates a person to moral search, reveals the specifics of the existence of a "person navigator" ; 3) in the definition of intercultural communication as the creation of opportunities for the search for tolerant forms of existence. Conclusions : 1) multiculturalism is a contradictory phenomenon, producing conflicts and creating prerequisites for overcoming them; 2) the possibilities of non-conflict existence in a situation of multiculturalism arise in inter-individual communication, which is a situation of moral search for every person; 3) "ethics of opportunities" unites universal and situational moral norms in multicultural communication: people enable each other to remain people; 4) "ethics of opportunities" creates conditions for tolerant interaction between people and cultures. (shrink)

В противостоянии эгоизма и гуманизма лишь „возделывание души“ может предотвратить всеобщее падение в пропасть безумия и мракобесия.

For half a century, the problem of justice has been one of the most controversial and debated in Western academic science. For the Anglo-American tradition, the starting point for controversy about distributive justice can be considered 1971, when the philosopher John Rawls published work The Theory of Justice. This book made a revolution, on the one hand, provoking a large-scale discussion on the question of what fair principles should be used in our society, and, on the other hand, finally brought (...) deontological ethics to the leading positions in political philosophy, which replaced the utilitarian approach. Several decades after the publication of Rawls's work, the debate within the framework of the deontological approach to justice reached a kind of dead end, having failed to develop a universal position. Other areas of thought have become the most discussed topics in political philosophy. At the same time, the discussion within the framework of the problem of distributive justice remained extremely relevant, since directly related to the distribution of public goods, which is always one of the main problems of political choice. One of those who suggested a way out of the current impasse was the philosopher Amartya Sen, who proposed an original concept for solving, called “the capability approach”. The purpose of this article is to illustrate how Sen was able to overcome the difficulties faced by Rawls's theory and other new theories of social contract. The author of the article believes that Sen, in fact, returned to a kind of utilitarian ethics, in the controversy with which Rawls developed his deontological version of the theory of justice. The article attempts to substantiate that the capability approach is a kind of synthesis of deontological ethics and utilitarianism. The article examines utilitarian ethics, its criticism from Rawls and the solution that Rawls proposes in the framework of the deontological approach, examines the main differences between new theories of social contract and Sen's the capability approach. The article analyzes Sen's criticism of the theory of Rawls and his followers and Sen's solution to the problem of justice. Particular emphasis is placed on the comparison of deontological and utilitarian views on the problem of justice. At the end of the work, it is concluded that the deontological ethical position on the issue of justice, which has firmly taken the leading positions in the Anglo-American academic community since the 1970s. XX century at the turn of the century could not remain monolithic and faced serious criticism. Utilitarianism, so heavily criticized by Rawls, is back in a new iteration of Sen's the capability approach. (shrink)

In the article, the author addresses to the problem of determining the starting point of hybrid aggression against the Ukraine. Hybrid aggression quite often stands outside the legal field and it makes it difficult to determine the exact date of the start of the aggressive action. Several options were singled out for Ukraine – the beginning of the 1990’s, 2006, the election of Viktor Yanukovych, summer 2013, Euromaidan and February 2014. The author concludes that irreversible consequences for Ukraine had events (...) on February 20, 2014. It is also shown the periodization of Ukrainian-Russian relations from the point of view of falling into hybrid confrontation. Russia launched unfriendly actions against Ukraine not immediately. There are reasons to believe that the «cassette scandal», which in 2000 led to the political isolation of Leonid Kuchma in the West, was initiated by Moscow. After the Orange Revolution Russian elites where frightened seriously and the Kremlin began to prepare to neutralize the possible increase of Ukrainian influence in the post-Soviet space. The 2001 to 2014 period can be attributed as the time of search for forms and methods of realization of new geopolitical intentions. Volodymyr Horbulin suggests that approximately in the mid-2000’s such a solution was found – «asymmetric responses» within a larger «hybrid war». Finally, author notes that chronology is an instrument for deeper understanding of phenomena and processes. Expansion or conversely narrowing the chronological boundaries allows you to choose a different angle of view of the events, sometimes even look deeper and differently to set accents, better understand the essence of the events. Neither the confrontation on the island of Kosa Tusla nor gas and trade wars or murders on the Maidan, did not cause irreversible consequences. Those who violated Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity were endangered by the very existence of the Ukrainian state. Such effects appeared on February 20, 2014 and the subsequent actions of «green men» in the Crimea. (shrink)

My paper consists of five parts. In the first part I explain what I mean by the phenomenology of mind. In the second part I show that in contemporary analytic philosophy the prevailing metaphysical theories of the mind are typically not connected to the phenomenology of mind. Views on the nature of the mind are developed without considering the phenomenological facts. In the third part I outline a notion of metaphysics connected to the phenomenology of mind, then in the fourth (...) and fifth parts I give some examples to illustrate how I envision the nature of this connection. (shrink)