The article reveals the nature identifying of social stigmatization in the process of social transformations. It is determined that at the stage of denial and destruction of existing social norms and rules in the public mind the image of victim is stigmatized, directing of collective aggression against which is factor of transition to a new stage - approval and unquestioning perception of new rules. It's shown the role of stigmatiztion in the transformation of social myths in these processes. The mechanism (...) of social stigmatization of victims is researched through the production of label "subject that carries out violence", the basic marke of which is "guilty." Also it is analyzed how the presence of social groups and communities of victim's attributes acts selection criterion of victims in social stigmatization. (shrink)

Submitted Conceptualization humanistic theory of K. Rogers, centered on the man, and found its components that help a person to develop and improve is submitted. For realization of this purpose formulated the task of humanistic psychology, centered on a man was formulated, and was described by the characteristic components of humanistic therapy. As a result, the entity scientific research therapy k. Rogers, based on empirical research based on the techniques of effective counseling based on unconditional positive mind, congruence and approach (...) to the person is substantiated. Results of the study led to the conclusion that as result of this therapy the client will develop more healthy qualities, including openness and trust to organizm experiences. (shrink)

Досліджуючи творчість поета і художника Тараса Григоровича Шевченка звернувся до його образотворчого мистецтва як до естетичного та світоглядного феномену. Прикладом цього стали його малюнки на релігійні теми, що були пов’язані Біблією та життями святих. Робота складається із кількох частин, які характеризують майстерність, підхід та манеру виконання тих чи інших малюнків, начерків, офортів та сепій, починаючи із серії робіт Старого Завіту, Євангелія, іконопису, скульптурні роботи, копії робіт К.Брюллова, Рембрандта та Мурільо.

Purpose. The research is aimed at understanding the philosophical and journalistic heritage of M. Scheler during 1914-1919. "The philosophy of war" is regarded as the middle link between the phenomenological and anthropological stages of its philosophical evolution. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the philosophical legacy of Max Scheler, as well as the work of domestic and Western researchers devoted to this issue. Problems of Weltkriegsphilosophie become comprehensible based on the historical, logical and comparative principles of historical (...) and philosophical analysis, which allowed to theoretically reconstruct the cultural and historical context, philosophical sources and ideological intentions of the German philosopher. Originality. For the first time in domestic historical and philosophical thought, it proved that the works by Max Scheler of the First World War played an outstanding role in the formation of philosophical anthropology as a separate philosophical trend. Conclusions. The basis of the Weltkriegsphilosophie by Max Scheler is the philosophical comprehension of the war in which the thinker tries to see the high sacral meaning, where the sacrifices that the nation brings to the altar of victory are not in vain: the nation is rallying this sacrifice, its readiness for it. According to Scheler, war is the most effective means of forming the so-called "love communities", to which he refers combat brotherhood, family and nation as a "collective personality", which recognizes itself through war. The philosopher is disappointed to some part with militaristic enthusiasm in his later military journalistic works and calls for a spiritual and moral renewal of Europe, fed from Christian roots. At the heart of this renewal should be the principle of personal solidarity, based on the Christian idea of love. However, Catholic universalism is an insufficient means for the formation of a "love community" and a new man who is co-creator of God that constitutes the main core of the philosophical anthropology of Max Scheler, which emerges in the 20s of the twentieth century. Based on this, the article affirms the existence in Sheler’s works of an intermediate stage between his phenomenology and philosophical anthropology – Weltkriegsphilosophie. (shrink)

Svitlana Shkil’s article «Reception of meeting Patriarch Kirill and Pope Francis in the information space of the Russian Orthodox Church» examined reaction to a meeting of religious leaders in Havana speakers of the three trends in Russian Orthodoxy - conservatives, fundamentalists, liberals. This unprecedented event caused a wide resonance in the Russian information space of the church, caused a broad discussion on the future of Russian Orthodoxy.

It is revealed that the concept of ‘social risk’ was formed in line with the creation of the theory of social state and the theory of welfare state. Social risk is defined as the probability of a person losing material resources to meet his basic needs, necessary for the preservation and reproduction of a full-fledged life as a member of society. These basic needs include food, clothing, housing, medical care and social services. It is proved that the objective basis of (...) social risk is the antagonistic nature of social relations, structural features, the nature, growth of social exclusion, the violation of adaptive processes in society, as well as the widespread distribution of various kinds of deviations among the population. Particular attention is paid to the description of the modern model of social risk. It is established that a fundamentally new type of social risk is a global risk as a product of a post-industrial society. In conditions of globalization, a list of life circumstances that violate the normal livelihoods of the individual and which it can not overcome on its own, is expanding substantially. Such unconventional social risks include support for families with children, education and care for children, care for sick children and parents, assistance in housing construction and maintenance, maternity support for a period of interrupted vocational education of up to five years per child, poverty, etc. Trace the evolution of the content of social risks from the industrial society of the period of initial accumulation of capital to modern society. If, at an early stage, social risks were generated by the production and distribution of goods, values, today they are produced by the production and distribution of the dangers and fears, that is, social risks in the society of risk are self-replicating, and this production becomes expanded, that is, it involves the phases of self-production, distribution and consumption of risks. (shrink)

This material introduces the biography and spiritual heritage of the famous Islamic thinker of the twentieth century Said Nursi through an interview with his follower Huya Sahin from Turkey.

Islam in the Ukrainian territory has more than a thousand years of history. However, after the extermination of the Islamic world on Ukrainian lands by means of Stalin's vandalism, in particular the deportation of the Crimean Tatar people who professed Islam to Central Asia, the destruction of mosques and madrasas, the repression of the clergy of Islam, we have mentioned this religion mostly or in recent times. related to Muslims abroad.

In human history, religion manifests its social presence and functionality primarily through its national context. In doing so, it aims to form a meaningful idea of their national identity among representatives of certain ethnic groups, to protect it, because ignoring the latter leads to disorientation of a person in his or her social life, and even to social instability.

An unbiased analysis of the history of the coexistence of church institutions and politics in any state shows that the chronicle of such coexistence appears, in large part, as a history of attempts to use, with greater or lesser success, on the one hand, by church political structures, and on the other, by the church of political structures, or politicians. The history of these interconnected relationships goes back to the times when both institutions in the process of their formation and (...) development began to represent a certain socially influential force, a real and potential resource which could be used to solve operational and strategic political or religious-church problems in any which field of social life. (shrink)

The article by Oksana Horkusha “Interconfessional dialogue in modern Ukraine: impulses, conditions, purpose, subjects, levels of understanding” analyzes the motives, conditions, goals, subjects and levels of understanding of the interconfessional dialogue in contemporary Ukraine. Interconfessional dialogue cannot have a purpose in itself. Different confessions reach agreement only in the process of such dialogue, which are carried out by mutually viable actors who have a common goal, are in the same cultural-historical context, a definite problem, for the solution of which is (...) used by adequate dialogue platforms, methods and instruments. (shrink)

Article by G. Fylypovych "Ukrainian Protestant Diaspora in Search of Its Identity" is devoted to the consideration of identification processes among Ukrainian Protestants in the diaspora. It is proved that this self-determination is controversial and non-linear and is primarily due to complex socio-political changes in the world, in particular in Ukraine. The diaspora's protestants, like in Ukraine, face new challenges to the global dimension to which they are not always ready.

One of the components of anti-Soviet opposition in post-war Ukraine is resistance of believers to the policies of Soviet power. Particularly specific is the resistance of Greek Catholics formed under the conditions of prohibition of the activities of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. Despite the government's harassment, the church continued to operate underground. Of interest to researchers is the period of the second half of the 1960s - the first half of the 1980s - the time of the growing systemic (...) crisis of the Soviet system. (shrink)

The article of Alla Aristova «Migrant crisis in Europe: challenges for interreligious relations» identifies and classifies main features of the current wave of migration from the Muslim countries to Europe, its differences from the previous migration inflows of the last century, and the potential impact on inter-religious relations, social and religious processes in European society.

The achievements of classic and modern philosophy and methodology of scienсe have been concisely presented to help future professionals gain the necessary knowledge of modern philosophy and methodology of scientific knowledge in general and socioeconomic branches in particular. For PhD graduate students.

Problem setting. Humanity entered the era of globalization, which is characterized by a number of factors - national economies have melded into a single global system where the capital can easily move, new information opportunities have made the world more open, the technological revolution has led to a qualitative change in the means of production and consumption, the planetary scientific revolution has become a reality; developed industrial countries are striving to liberalization of the movement of goods and capital, the world (...) is moving closer together on the basis of modern means of communication; new international social movements, new modes of transport, new telecommunication technologies are being implemented, education is being internationalized. However, all these innovations have not made the issue of war less burning. World society has faced the trend of increasing wars and armed conflicts in the world over the past decades and in the total number of killed and injured have grown as a result of hostilities. Recent research and publications analysis. Numerous works written on the target topic indicate that the issues of war as a specific phenomenon in the life of human society have always been and remain in the focus of attention of thinkers, scientists, researchers of the past and the present time. In particular, the thorough analysis of the essence, content, forms of war, its features and laws have been carried out in the works written by V. F. Hegel, F. Engels, C. von Clausewitz, B. Liddel-Hart, N. Machiavelli, V. Mandragel, H. von Moltke, C. Moscos, J. Friedman, F. Fukuyama, S. Huntington, R. Aron, K. Hajiyev, M. Gareev, V. Slipchenko, V. Smolyanyuk, E. Toffler, M. Trebin, I. Panarin, V. Serebryannikov and so on. Paper objective. The goal of this paper is to specify the historical background of the formation of modern sociology of war. Paper main body. The article deals with the views on the war in a historical perspective, focuses on the methodological grounds of the armed confrontation, which started after the Second World War when the most developed countries developed a powerful military-industrial complex dominating in politics and economics. Potential opponents sought to overtake each other, to shift the developed military-strategic parity pursuing own benefit. They begin to develop nuclear missile weapons, which radically changed the concept of war over a short time. Due to the increase in the power of nuclear weapons, the leading authorities in the world military sphere and subsequently the military-political leaders of the countries-members of the nuclear club gradually started to understand that one of the long-term tasks is to contain the use of nuclear weapons by the enemy. The article emphasizes that the late 1950s - early 1960s are characterized by a significant increase in attention to the theoretical problems of war and peace. This is due to the creation of the military-political blocs of NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Since then many publications have appeared which focus the primacy of politics over the military sphere. Military theorists understand that the outbreak of war to solve political goals could lead to irreversible consequences. At the end of the 20th century with the beginning of globalization, many concepts arose to search for the causes of wars. The confrontation of the West with the rest of the world in the face of growing multi-polarity can become a cause of war and conflict at the beginning of the third millennium. The article also highlights the concept of mutiny war, which is seen as a new form of armed conflict, in which the future wars would be waged by small terrorist cells and special forces, gaining influence by subversion and organised revolutions rather than through traditional warfare. Conclusions of the research. Numerous theoretical and practical issues related to determining the laws of war, its essence and features as well as to transforming the goals, scope, nature and means of armed struggle and the importance of the human factor for the consequences of hostilities for a particular country and humanity as a whole should be considered on the basis of recognizing the fact that the phenomenon of war is eternal, inevitable and unavoidable. The views and concepts that were formed in the second half of the 20th century have not rejected and condemned armed violence but also approved and legitimized it, adapted to the needs of foreign policy and even have rationalized it. Political and military leaders have sought to make people consider the war in all its forms and violence as a common phenomenon that states and people can tolerate in their relations. The probability of using armed violence in the system of the modern world order can easily become a reality. (shrink)

Present international relations are a complex of relatively particular varieties, especially political, diplomatic, economic, religious, cultural and media relations. Integration is a versatile and complex phenomenon. It is quite diffiult process which does not have defiitive typology. Integration determines patterns of development of the modern world, because it inflences the global structure, global governance. At the present, the development of integration organizations has great importance in international relations. These organizations exist in all regions. They have a great inflence on the (...) development of political, economic, social and cultural relations between states that are members of these associations. New integration structure should ensure an active human development in general. This is the main criteria and principles of the modern world, and according to this criteria, it is also an institutional functional mechanism. In particular, the process of integration is very popular in Latin America. In Latin America, there are a large number of different integration organizations. Among them are: Latin American Integration Association, Andean Community of Nations, Central American Integration System. All of these organizations inflence the development of integration processes on the continent. Latin American integration has one feature. The cooperation between states has an economic basis. The above organizations have not only economic interests, but also common political, cultural, eco and social projects. It can be argued that the process of integration in Latin America is developing rapidly and has great prospects. But there are some problems. First of all, there is no unity among the states. Different countries have different integration strategy. Also, Latin American countries do not develop uniformly. Argentina and Brazil are developing faster rate than other countries. Thus, it is obvious that the integration of Latin America has some problems. But there are many organizations that are developing and increase their potential. (shrink)

The article provides a comparative analysis of the 1791 Constitutions of Poland and France. The author comes to the conclusion that there exists the series of inherent similarities and differences between them. The former lies in more or less expressed influence on the content of these documents by the ideas of European Enlightment, the Declaration of Human and Citizens’ Rights, the English parliamentary monarchy and the USA Constitution to proclaim, to a certain extent, the people as the source of power. (...) The concept of Enlightment provided the total abolition of any social inequality of an individual before the law. The fundamental French Law consequently implemented these ideas into practice of the state system development and functioning. But the Constitution of Poland extended them only to the free classes: nobility, citizens, clergy and free peasants, though they did not affect serfs while they constituted the majority of the country’s population. Precisely, this feature has determined the restricted, half-by-half perception of the Enlightment concept by the main document of Poland. Such facts as the adopting of the Constitution by the national assembly, a two-year term of parliamentary legislature, the establishment of constitutional monarchy, the proclamation of a king as Saint and sacred, the commitment of the executive power to the king, the right to take the latter the lead of the armed forces, to give oath before succeeding to the Crown, to distribute powers, to restrict the right to vote, to introduce new legislation, the right to adopt can be referred to the similarities. The differences set the following: a radical eradication of the feudal system by the French Constitution, the dismissal of serfdom, estates, caste titles, privileges, awards and solemn guarantee by the Constitution of Poland of the maintenance of serfdom, the prevailing position of Gentry including all its privileges and property. When the people of France was proclaimed the source of power and sovereignty, the majority of population of Poland – serfs – was not included into the composition of «consolidated estates», that is why the provision of the Constitution concerning the genesis of power and its sovereignty did not refer to this layer. The Constitution of France provided for the unified classless court for the whole population of the country, while the Constitution of Poland constituted class judicial instances for nobility, citizens, free peasants, administration and prolonged the existence of the feudal court judgment, Relational and Kurland courts. Obviously, the radical attitude of the Constitution of France towards the feudalism, its revolutionary importance have determined its constant world-wide fame and its position number one in the constitutionalism sharing the achievements with the USA Constitution of 1787. Conversely, the maintenance of fundamental feudal background, the long-term absence of sovereignty and territorial integrity turned out to be the principal factors of historical «forgetting» of the Constitution of Poland. (shrink)

Problem setting. The national security system of the state is a single complex of military-technical, informational, economic, social-political, spiritual and other factors. In particular, the spiritual security of society is the basis for preserving the statehood and prosperity of the nation in the global competitive struggle. In such conditions, the role and significance of the spiritual security of society is of particular importance for state-building and nation-building processes in modern Ukraine. Recent research and publications analysis. The issue of spiritual security (...) has become the subject of scientific research in various paradigmatic measures. Thus, V. Baranivsky emphasizes that spiritual security is an important factor in the existence of a nation and a state, and neglect of it can lead to the collapse of the country. The scientist V. Klyus reveals the essence of threats in the spiritual sphere of society, classifying them into two groups: threats that endanger the spiritual world of man and threaten the stable functioning of all forms of social consciousness and mentality. A number of researchers, G. Sitnik, L. Belovetska, B. Bukrinsky, V. Stepanov, S. Ponomarevsky, and others, offer their own interpretation of the essence, functions and classification of national values as the basis of the spiritual security of our people at the present stage of the national state-building. Paper main body. Spiritual security of the society is directed at the protection of national values and development priorities, the mentally-civilized basis of the existence of the Ukrainian people, and the preservation of its cultural identity in the global processes of the present. According to V. Krutov, today Ukraine needs a fundamental and effective theory of ensuring national security through the prism of spirituality as regards individual citizens, people, society, and the state as a whole. Solidifying with the thoughts of the previous author, we note that in our time, any state should be prepared to withstand negative external influences, in particular, information attacks aimed at the spiritual sphere of society's life. According to experts, the first group includes the danger of the destruction of the spiritual world of a person threatening the formation of her consciousness, ideological foundations, freedom of thought, beliefs, intellectual activity. The second group is a threat to the well-established functioning of all forms of social and mass consciousness and mentality. Conclusions of the research. The spiritual security of Ukrainian society is the key to preserving the national identity of our people, an important factor in building a modern democratic, European state. The spiritual security of Ukrainian society is based on national and universal values and aimed at protecting the national and cultural subjectivity of our people. (shrink)

Комунікативний простір сучасності можна коректно структуризувати на чимало тенденцій і профільних сегментів, які істотно відрізняються один від одного стилістично, інструментально та функціонально. Попри таку гетерогенність комунікативного простору, мова продовжує залишатись його основним атрибутом і імперативом. Щоправда, особливості функціонування комунікативного простору сучасності висувають до мови додаткові умови, задоволення яких забезпечує ефективність мовних практик.

Досліджуються характеристики суб’єктів взаємодії миру та війни в соціальному світі, згідно їх світогляду. З’ясовується функціонування соціальних інститутів як механізму об’єктивації діяльності суб’єктів. Синергетичний підхід відбиває дослідження соціального світу у протиріччі миру та війни, в умовах нелінійності, невизначеності, неврівноваженості, багатофакторності соціального розвитку. У соціальному світі відбувається взаємний перехід ідентичностей, взаємоідентифікація. Ідентитетом є заперечення або ствердження суб’єктом процесів миру або війни. Проаналізовані функції соціальних інститутів у форматах війни та миру демонструють нам невідповідність їх роботи в Україні. Отже, суб’єкти взаємодії миру та війни (...) й стан суспільства та соціальних інститутів взаємопов’язані. (shrink)

One of the key features of the phenomenon of populism should be considered a high level of personalization of politics, a close relationship between the spread and level of impact of the populist movement and the personality of its leader. This feature is not, of course, extremely characteristic of populism because charismatic leaders can run for leading positions defending the system of values, far from the populism of any sort - conservative, for example, or a career within the inflential organizational (...) structures with a strong tradition, for example, such as the church. However, populist movement almost always charismatic leadership is a must. On the other hand, in an open, public political struggle populist rhetoric techniques and appear strong, and sometimes necessary tool. Important actors on the political scene of Athens were like during the struggle aristocracy and demos, as well as in strongly institutionalized democracy, demagogues - leaders or leaders of the people. Obviously, is wrong to equate the activities and are very important for the political struggle in the ancient polis oratorical practice all «popular leaders» of demagoguery in the modern sense of the term. In the end, there was even a demagogue Pericles. However, it was in their activities can seem to see bright and examples of demagoguery and populist methods of political struggle. These are some historical and political subjects belonging to different epochs occurred in very different social circumstances and conditions. Nevertheless, they lead us to the conclusion that the charismatic type of political leadership, which by its very content related primarily to appeal to the emotions, even the subconscious of people, is the most populist technologies related to political inflence. However, these stories give grounds to assert that populist willingness to oppose direct public institutional and procedural component of democracy in practice almost inevitably leads to concentration of mass by expectations of political action in the face of a charismatic leader. The nature, scope and results of operations of the leader and his supporters can be very different - from a particular transformation of a democratic system that is in crisis. (shrink)

Розглянуто проблеми та потенціал розвитку соціального підприємництва в Україні.

The essence of Parliament as an institution of social and political representation of interests is analyzed. The stages of development of the institution of parliamentary practice in the context of the transformation of popular representation and its theoretical basis are proposed. The main functions of Parliament as an institution representing the interests in modern society are highlighted. One of the main institutional formation and development of democracy and civil society is to ensure broad representation across the spectrum of social interests, (...) existing in a society that lays the foundation of a stable political system and provides legitimate participation in public life and public affairs people. The key institution in the provision of such acts Parliament as the supreme representative body of the government, expressing the opinion of the nation. Since its inception, the parliament in one form or another has always been a form of institutional reflection of social interests, although the degree of change in the representation of various historical periods and influenced by political events. Thus, the formation and development of parliaments as representative bodies is a natural consequence of the political development of the countries of Western Europe. In fact, today the Parliament in the political systems of the developed countries, as a mediator between society and the government, serves as a buffer area and the articulation of diverse social interests at the state level. (shrink)