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  1. The cognitive economy: The probabilistic turn in psychology and human cognition.Petko Kusev & Paul van Schaik - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (3):294-295.
    According to the foundations of economic theory, agents have stable and coherent preferences that guide their choices among alternatives. However, people are constrained by information-processing and memory limitations and hence have a propensity to avoid cognitive load. We propose that this in turn will encourage them to respond to preferences and goals influenced by context and memory representations.
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  • Modality, expected utility, and hypothesis testing.WooJin Chung & Salvador Mascarenhas - 2023 - Synthese 202 (1):1-40.
    We introduce an expected-value theory of linguistic modality that makes reference to expected utility and a likelihood-based confirmation measure for deontics and epistemics, respectively. The account is a probabilistic semantics for deontics and epistemics, yet it proposes that deontics and epistemics share a common core modal semantics, as in traditional possible-worlds analysis of modality. We argue that this account is not only theoretically advantageous, but also has far-reaching empirical consequences. In particular, we predict modal versions of reasoning fallacies from the (...)
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  • Rethinking Rationality.Emmanuel M. Pothos & Timothy J. Pleskac - 2022 - Topics in Cognitive Science 14 (3):451-466.
    Topics in Cognitive Science, Volume 14, Issue 3, Page 451-466, July 2022.
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  • Can resources save rationality? ‘Anti-Bayesian’ updating in cognition and perception.Eric Mandelbaum, Isabel Won, Steven Gross & Chaz Firestone - 2020 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 143:e16.
    Resource rationality may explain suboptimal patterns of reasoning; but what of “anti-Bayesian” effects where the mind updates in a direction opposite the one it should? We present two phenomena — belief polarization and the size-weight illusion — that are not obviously explained by performance- or resource-based constraints, nor by the authors’ brief discussion of reference repulsion. Can resource rationality accommodate them?
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  • Quantum-like models cannot account for the conjunction fallacy.Thomas Boyer-Kassem, Sébastien Duchêne & Eric Guerci - 2016 - Theory and Decision 81 (4):479-510.
    Human agents happen to judge that a conjunction of two terms is more probable than one of the terms, in contradiction with the rules of classical probabilities—this is the conjunction fallacy. One of the most discussed accounts of this fallacy is currently the quantum-like explanation, which relies on models exploiting the mathematics of quantum mechanics. The aim of this paper is to investigate the empirical adequacy of major quantum-like models which represent beliefs with quantum states. We first argue that they (...)
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  • A probabilistic framework for analysing the compositionality of conceptual combinations.Peter Bruza, Kirsty Kitto, Brentyn Ramm & Laurianne Sitbon - 2015 - Journal of Mathematical Psychology 67:26-38.
    Conceptual combination performs a fundamental role in creating the broad range of compound phrases utilised in everyday language. This article provides a novel probabilistic framework for assessing whether the semantics of conceptual combinations are compositional, and so can be considered as a function of the semantics of the constituent concepts, or not. While the systematicity and productivity of language provide a strong argument in favor of assuming compositionality, this very assumption is still regularly questioned in both cognitive science and philosophy. (...)
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  • Naturalizing logic.Lorenzo Magnani - 2015 - Journal of Applied Logic 13 (1):13-36.
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  • Progress and current challenges with the quantum similarity model.Emmanuel M. Pothos, Albert Barque-Duran, James M. Yearsley, Jennifer S. Trueblood, Jerome R. Busemeyer & James A. Hampton - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
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  • Interference effects of categorization on decision making.Zheng Wang & Jerome R. Busemeyer - 2016 - Cognition 150 (C):133-149.
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  • Sometimes it does hurt to ask: The constructive role of articulating impressions.Lee C. White, Emmanuel M. Pothos & Jerome R. Busemeyer - 2014 - Cognition 133 (1):48-64.
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  • Commentary/Elqayam & Evans: Subtracting “ought” from “is”.Natalie Gold, Andrew M. Colman & Briony D. Pulford - 2011 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34 (5).
    Normative theories can be useful in developing descriptive theories, as when normative subjective expected utility theory is used to develop descriptive rational choice theory and behavioral game theory. “Ought” questions are also the essence of theories of moral reasoning, a domain of higher mental processing that could not survive without normative considerations.
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  • Quantum principles in psychology: The debate, the evidence, and the future.Emmanuel M. Pothos & Jerome R. Busemeyer - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (3):310-327.
    The attempt to employ quantum principles for modeling cognition has enabled the introduction of several new concepts in psychology, such as the uncertainty principle, incompatibility, entanglement, and superposition. For many commentators, this is an exciting opportunity to question existing formal frameworks (notably classical probability theory) and explore what is to be gained by employing these novel conceptual tools. This is not to say that major empirical challenges are not there. For example, can we definitely prove the necessity for quantum, as (...)
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  • The Potential of Using Quantum Theory to Build Models of Cognition.Zheng Wang, Jerome R. Busemeyer, Harald Atmanspacher & Emmanuel M. Pothos - 2013 - Topics in Cognitive Science 5 (4):672-688.
    Quantum cognition research applies abstract, mathematical principles of quantum theory to inquiries in cognitive science. It differs fundamentally from alternative speculations about quantum brain processes. This topic presents new developments within this research program. In the introduction to this topic, we try to answer three questions: Why apply quantum concepts to human cognition? How is quantum cognitive modeling different from traditional cognitive modeling? What cognitive processes have been modeled using a quantum account? In addition, a brief introduction to quantum probability (...)
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  • The triple-store experiment: a first simultaneous test of classical and quantum probabilities in choice over menus.Andrei Khrennikov, Irina Basieva, Eric Guerci, Sébastien Duchêne & Ismaël Rafaï - 2021 - Theory and Decision 92 (2):387-406.
    Recently quantum probability theory started to be actively used in studies of human decision-making, in particular for the resolution of paradoxes (such as the Allais, Ellsberg, and Machina paradoxes). Previous studies were based on a cognitive metaphor of the quantum double-slit experiment—the basic quantum interference experiment. In this paper, we report on an economics experiment based on a triple-slit experiment design, where the slits are menus of alternatives from which one can choose. The test of nonclassicality is based on the (...)
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  • Constructive Biases in Clinical Judgment.Bartosz W. Wojciechowski, Bernadetta Izydorczyk, Pawel Blasiak, James M. Yearsley, Lee C. White & Emmanuel M. Pothos - 2022 - Topics in Cognitive Science 14 (3):508-527.
    Topics in Cognitive Science, Volume 14, Issue 3, Page 508-527, July 2022.
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  • Quantum Information Biology: From Information Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics to Applications in Molecular Biology and Cognitive Psychology.Masanari Asano, Irina Basieva, Andrei Khrennikov, Masanori Ohya, Yoshiharu Tanaka & Ichiro Yamato - 2015 - Foundations of Physics 45 (10):1362-1378.
    We discuss foundational issues of quantum information biology —one of the most successful applications of the quantum formalism outside of physics. QIB provides a multi-scale model of information processing in bio-systems: from proteins and cells to cognitive and social systems. This theory has to be sharply distinguished from “traditional quantum biophysics”. The latter is about quantum bio-physical processes, e.g., in cells or brains. QIB models the dynamics of information states of bio-systems. We argue that the information interpretation of quantum mechanics (...)
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  • Can quantum probability provide a new direction for cognitive modeling?Emmanuel M. Pothos & Jerome R. Busemeyer - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (3):255-274.
    Classical (Bayesian) probability (CP) theory has led to an influential research tradition for modeling cognitive processes. Cognitive scientists have been trained to work with CP principles for so long that it is hard even to imagine alternative ways to formalize probabilities. However, in physics, quantum probability (QP) theory has been the dominant probabilistic approach for nearly 100 years. Could QP theory provide us with any advantages in cognitive modeling as well? Note first that both CP and QP theory share the (...)
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  • What's the predicted outcome? Explanatory and predictive properties of the quantum probability framework.Timothy J. Pleskac, Peter D. Kvam & Shuli Yu - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (3):303-304.
    Quantum probability (QP) provides a new perspective for cognitive science. However, one must be clear about the outcome the QP model is predicting. We discuss this concern in reference to modeling the subjective probabilities given by people as opposed to modeling the choice proportions of people. These two models would appear to have different cognitive assumptions.
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  • A Quantum Probability Perspective on Borderline Vagueness.Reinhard Blutner, Emmanuel M. Pothos & Peter Bruza - 2013 - Topics in Cognitive Science 5 (4):711-736.
    The term “vagueness” describes a property of natural concepts, which normally have fuzzy boundaries, admit borderline cases, and are susceptible to Zeno's sorites paradox. We will discuss the psychology of vagueness, especially experiments investigating the judgment of borderline cases and contradictions. In the theoretical part, we will propose a probabilistic model that describes the quantitative characteristics of the experimental finding and extends Alxatib's and Pelletier's () theoretical analysis. The model is based on a Hopfield network for predicting truth values. Powerful (...)
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  • A Multiple Definitions Model of Classification Into Fuzzy Categories.Thomas M. Gruenenfelder - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  • The Generalized Quantum Episodic Memory Model.Jennifer S. Trueblood & Pernille Hemmer - 2017 - Cognitive Science:2089-2125.
    Recent evidence suggests that experienced events are often mapped to too many episodic states, including those that are logically or experimentally incompatible with one another. For example, episodic over-distribution patterns show that the probability of accepting an item under different mutually exclusive conditions violates the disjunction rule. A related example, called subadditivity, occurs when the probability of accepting an item under mutually exclusive and exhaustive instruction conditions sums to a number >1. Both the over-distribution effect and subadditivity have been widely (...)
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  • Quantum cognition and bounded rationality.Reinhard Blutner & Peter Beim Graben - 2016 - Synthese 193 (10).
    We consider several puzzles of bounded rationality. These include the Allais- and Ellsberg paradox, the disjunction effect, and related puzzles. We argue that the present account of quantum cognition—taking quantum probabilities rather than classical probabilities—can give a more systematic description of these puzzles than the alternate treatments in the traditional frameworks of bounded rationality. Unfortunately, the quantum probabilistic treatment does not always provide a deeper understanding and a true explanation of these puzzles. One reason is that quantum approaches introduce additional (...)
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  • Quantum core affect. Color-emotion structure of semantic atom.Ilya A. Surov - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13:838029.
    Psychology suffers from the absence of mathematically-formalized primitives. As a result, conceptual and quantitative studies lack an ontological basis that would situate them in the company of natural sciences. The article addresses this problem by describing a minimal psychic structure, expressed in the algebra of quantum theory. The structure is demarcated into categories of emotion and color, renowned as elementary psychological phenomena. This is achieved by means of quantum-theoretic qubit state space, isomorphic to emotion and color experiences both in meaning (...)
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  • Beyond two modes of thought: A quantum model of how three cognitive variables yield conceptual change.Mika Winslow & Liane Gabora - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    We re-examine the long-held postulate that there are two modes of thought, and develop a more fine-grained analysis of how different modes of thought affect conceptual change. We suggest that cognitive development entails the fine-tuning of three dimensions of thought: abstractness, divergence, and context-specificity. Using a quantum cognition modeling approach, we show how these three variables differ, and explain why they would have a distinctively different impacts on thought processes and mental contents. We suggest that, through simultaneous manipulation of all (...)
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  • How Do Social Norms and Expectations About Others Influence Individual Behavior?: A Quantum Model of Self/other-perspective Interaction in Strategic Decision-Making.Jakub Tesar - 2020 - Foundations of Science 25 (1):135-150.
    Social norms can be understood as the grammar of social interaction. Like grammar in speech, they specify what is acceptable in a given context. But what are the specific rules that direct human compliance with the norm? This paper presents a quantitative model of self- and the other-perspective interaction based on a ‘quantum model of decision-making’, which can explain some of the ‘fallacies’ of the classical model of strategic choice. By connecting two fields of social science research—norms compliance, and strategic (...)
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  • Quantum Theory Methods as a Possible Alternative for the Double-Blind Gold Standard of Evidence-Based Medicine: Outlining a New Research Program.Diederik Aerts, Lester Beltran, Suzette Geriente, Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi, Sandro Sozzo, Rembrandt Van Sprundel & Tomas Veloz - 2019 - Foundations of Science 24 (2):217-225.
    We motivate the possibility of using notions and methods derived from quantum physics, and more specifically from the research field known as ‘quantum cognition’, to optimally model different situations in the field of medicine, its decision-making processes and ensuing practices, particularly in relation to chronic and rare diseases. This also as a way to devise alternative approaches to the generally adopted double-blind gold standard.
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  • A Quantum Probability Model of Causal Reasoning.Jennifer S. Trueblood & Jerome R. Busemeyer - 2012 - Frontiers in Psychology 3.
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  • A Quantum Question Order Model Supported by Empirical Tests of an A Priori and Precise Prediction.Zheng Wang & Jerome R. Busemeyer - 2013 - Topics in Cognitive Science 5 (4):689-710.
    Question order effects are commonly observed in self-report measures of judgment and attitude. This article develops a quantum question order model (the QQ model) to account for four types of question order effects observed in literature. First, the postulates of the QQ model are presented. Second, an a priori, parameter-free, and precise prediction, called the QQ equality, is derived from these mathematical principles, and six empirical data sets are used to test the prediction. Third, a new index is derived from (...)
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  • A Quantum Geometric Framework for Modeling Color Similarity Judgments.Gunnar P. Epping, Elizabeth L. Fisher, Ariel M. Zeleznikow-Johnston, Emmanuel M. Pothos & Naotsugu Tsuchiya - 2023 - Cognitive Science 47 (1):e13231.
    Since Tversky argued that similarity judgments violate the three metric axioms, asymmetrical similarity judgments have been particularly challenging for standard, geometric models of similarity, such as multidimensional scaling. According to Tversky, asymmetrical similarity judgments are driven by differences in salience or extent of knowledge. However, the notion of salience has been difficult to operationalize, especially for perceptual stimuli for which there are no apparent differences in extent of knowledge. To investigate similarity judgments between perceptual stimuli, across three experiments, we collected (...)
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  • Correction to: Preface of the Special Issue: International Symposium “Worlds of Entanglement” - Second Part.Diederik Aerts, Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi, Sandro Sozzo & Tomas Veloz - 2018 - Foundations of Science 26 (1):5-5.
    A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10699-021-09793-2.
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  • Is There a Conjunction Fallacy in Legal Probabilistic Decision Making?Bartosz W. Wojciechowski & Emmanuel M. Pothos - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  • The Heart of an Image: Quantum Superposition and Entanglement in Visual Perception.Jonito Aerts Arguëlles - 2018 - Foundations of Science 23 (4):757-778.
    We analyse the way in which the principle that ‘the whole is greater than the sum of its parts’ manifests itself with phenomena of visual perception. For this investigation we use insights and techniques coming from quantum cognition, and more specifically we are inspired by the correspondence of this principle with the phenomenon of the conjunction effect in human cognition. We identify entities of meaning within artefacts of visual perception and rely on how such entities are modelled for corpuses of (...)
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  • Schrödinger’s Cat and the Dog That Didn’t Bark: Why Quantum Mechanics is (Probably) Irrelevant to the Social Sciences.David Waldner - 2017 - Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society 29 (2):199-233.
    Alexander Wendt’s Quantum Mind and Social Science reopens the question of the relevance of quantum mechanics to the social sciences. In response, I argue that due to “quantum decoherence,” the macroscopic world filters out quantum effects. Moreover, quantum decoherence makes it unlikely that the theory of quantum brains, on which Wendt relies, is true. Finally, while quantum decision theory is a potentially revolutionary field, it has not clearly accounted for alleged anomalies in classical understandings of decision making. However, the logic (...)
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  • Unitary Transformations in the Quantum Model for Conceptual Conjunctions and Its Application to Data Representation.Tomas Veloz & Sylvie Desjardins - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
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  • The Bayesian boom: good thing or bad?Ulrike Hahn - 2014 - Frontiers in Psychology 5.
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  • Quantum probability theory as a common framework for reasoning and similarity.Jennifer S. Trueblood, Emmanuel M. Pothos & Jerome R. Busemeyer - 2014 - Frontiers in Psychology 5.
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  • Superposition of Episodic Memories: Overdistribution and Quantum Models.Charles J. Brainerd, Zheng Wang & Valerie F. Reyna - 2013 - Topics in Cognitive Science 5 (4):773-799.
    Memory exhibits episodic superposition, an analog of the quantum superposition of physical states: Before a cue for a presented or unpresented item is administered on a memory test, the item has the simultaneous potential to occupy all members of a mutually exclusive set of episodic states, though it occupies only one of those states after the cue is administered. This phenomenon can be modeled with a nonadditive probability model called overdistribution (OD), which implements fuzzy-trace theory's distinction between verbatim and gist (...)
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  • Open Parallel Cooperative and Competitive Decision Processes: A Potential Provenance for Quantum Probability Decision Models.Ian G. Fuss & Daniel J. Navarro - 2013 - Topics in Cognitive Science 5 (4):818-843.
    In recent years quantum probability models have been used to explain many aspects of human decision making, and as such quantum models have been considered a viable alternative to Bayesian models based on classical probability. One criticism that is often leveled at both kinds of models is that they lack a clear interpretation in terms of psychological mechanisms. In this paper we discuss the mechanistic underpinnings of a quantum walk model of human decision making and response time. The quantum walk (...)
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  • Combining meta-learned models with process models of cognition.Adam N. Sanborn, Haijiang Yan & Christian Tsvetkov - 2024 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 47:e163.
    Meta-learned models of cognition make optimal predictions for the actual stimuli presented to participants, but investigating judgment biases by constraining neural networks will be unwieldy. We suggest combining them with cognitive process models, which are more intuitive and explain biases. Rational process models, those that can sequentially sample from the posterior distributions produced by meta-learned models, seem a natural fit.
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  • Resource‐rational Models of Human Goal Pursuit.Ben Prystawski, Florian Mohnert, Mateo Tošić & Falk Lieder - 2022 - Topics in Cognitive Science 14 (3):528-549.
    Topics in Cognitive Science, Volume 14, Issue 3, Page 528-549, July 2022.
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  • Perceptions of document relevance.Peter Bruza & Vivien Chang - 2014 - Frontiers in Psychology 5.
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  • Quantum Bose–Einstein Statistics for Indistinguishable Concepts in Human Language.Lester Beltran - 2021 - Foundations of Science 28 (1):43-55.
    We investigate the hypothesis that within a combination of a ‘number concept’ plus a ‘substantive concept’, such as ‘eleven animals’, the identity and indistinguishability present on the level of the concepts, i.e., all eleven animals are identical and indistinguishable, gives rise to a statistical structure of the Bose–Einstein type similar to how Bose–Einstein statistics is present for identical and indistinguishable quantum particles. We proceed by identifying evidence for this hypothesis by extracting the statistical data from the World-Wide-Web utilizing the Google (...)
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  • Prediction and Explanation in a Postmodern World.Joachim I. Krueger - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11:597706.
    The experimental research paradigm lies at the core of empirical psychology. New data analytical and computational tools continually enrich its methodological arsenal, while the paradigm’s mission remains the testing of theoretical predictions and causal explanations. Predictions regarding experimental results necessarily point to the future. Once the data are collected, the causal inferences refer to a hypothesis now lying in the past. The experimental paradigm is not designed to permit strong inferences about particular incidents that occurred before predictions were made. In (...)
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  • (1 other version)Spin and Wind Directions II: A Bell State Quantum Model.Tomas Veloz, Sandro Sozzo, Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi, Suzette Geriente, Lester Beltran, Jonito Aerts Arguëlles & Diederik Aerts - 2018 - Foundations of Science 23 (2):337-365.
    In the first half of this two-part article, we analyzed a cognitive psychology experiment where participants were asked to select pairs of directions that they considered to be the best example of Two Different Wind Directions, and showed that the data violate the CHSH version of Bell’s inequality, with same magnitude as in typical Bell-test experiments in physics. In this second part, we complete our analysis by presenting a symmetrized version of the experiment, still violating the CHSH inequality but now (...)
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  • Quantum-like model of unconscious–conscious dynamics.Andrei Khrennikov - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
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  • A Quantum Probability Account of Order Effects in Inference.Jennifer S. Trueblood & Jerome R. Busemeyer - 2011 - Cognitive Science 35 (8):1518-1552.
    Order of information plays a crucial role in the process of updating beliefs across time. In fact, the presence of order effects makes a classical or Bayesian approach to inference difficult. As a result, the existing models of inference, such as the belief-adjustment model, merely provide an ad hoc explanation for these effects. We postulate a quantum inference model for order effects based on the axiomatic principles of quantum probability theory. The quantum inference model explains order effects by transforming a (...)
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  • (1 other version)Spin and Wind Directions II: A Bell State Quantum Model.Diederik Aerts, Jonito Aerts Arguëlles, Lester Beltran, Suzette Geriente, Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi, Sandro Sozzo & Tomas Veloz - 2018 - Foundations of Science 23 (2):337-365.
    In the first half of this two-part article, we analyzed a cognitive psychology experiment where participants were asked to select pairs of directions that they considered to be the best example of Two Different Wind Directions, and showed that the data violate the CHSH version of Bell’s inequality, with same magnitude as in typical Bell-test experiments in physics. In this second part, we complete our analysis by presenting a symmetrized version of the experiment, still violating the CHSH inequality but now (...)
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  • Towards a pattern-based logic of probability judgements and logical inclusion “fallacies”.Momme von Sydow - 2016 - Thinking and Reasoning 22 (3):297-335.
    ABSTRACTProbability judgements entail a conjunction fallacy if a conjunction is estimated to be more probable than one of its conjuncts. In the context of predication of alternative logical hypothesis, Bayesian logic provides a formalisation of pattern probabilities that renders a class of pattern-based CFs rational. BL predicts a complete system of other logical inclusion fallacies. A first test of this prediction is investigated here, using transparent tasks with clear set inclusions, varying in observed frequencies only. Experiment 1 uses data where (...)
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  • Natural Code of Subjective Experience.Ilya A. Surov - 2022 - Biosemiotics 15 (1):109-139.
    The paper introduces mathematical encoding for subjective experience and meaning in natural cognition. The code is based on a quantum-theoretic qubit structure supplementing classical bit with circular dimension, functioning as a process-causal template for representation of contexts relative to the basis decision. The qubit state space is demarcated in categories of emotional experience of animals and humans. Features of the resulting spherical map align with major theoreties in cognitive and emotion science, modeling of natural language, and semiotics, suggesting several generalizations (...)
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  • Quantum Entanglement in Corpuses of Documents.Lester Beltran & Suzette Geriente - 2019 - Foundations of Science 24 (2):227-246.
    We show that data collected from corpuses of documents violate the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt version of Bell’s inequality and therefore indicate the presence of quantum entanglement in their structure. We obtain this result by considering two concepts and their combination and coincidence operations consisting of searches of co-occurrences of exemplars of these concepts in specific corpuses of documents. Measuring the frequencies of these co-occurrences and calculating the relative frequencies as approximate probabilities entering in the CHSH inequality, we obtain manifest violations of the (...)
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