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  1. Ecosystem Services and Sacred Natural Sites: Reconciling Material and Non-material Values in Nature Conservation.Shonil A. Bhagwat - 2009 - Environmental Values 18 (4):417 - 427.
    Ecosystems services are provisions that humans derive from nature. Ecologists trying to value ecosystems have proposed five categories of these services: preserving, supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural. While this ecosystem services framework attributes 'material' value to nature, sacred natural sites are areas of 'non-material' spiritual significance to people. Can we reconcile the material and non-material values? Ancient classical traditions recognise five elements of nature: earth, water, air, fire and ether. This commentary demonstrates that the perceived properties of these elements correspond (...)
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  • Climate Change, Responsibility, and Justice.Dale Jamieson - 2010 - Science and Engineering Ethics 16 (3):431-445.
    In this paper I make the following claims. In order to see anthropogenic climate change as clearly involving moral wrongs and global injustices, we will have to revise some central concepts in these domains. Moreover, climate change threatens another value that cannot easily be taken up by concerns of global justice or moral responsibility.
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  • Realms of Value: Conflicting Natural Resource Values and Incommensurability.Sarah Fleisher Trainor - 2006 - Environmental Values 15 (1):3-29.
    Divergent values are often at the heart of natural resource conflict. Using discord over the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah, U.S.A. as a case study, I propose that values are perceived as incommensurate because they reflect different realms, with which there exist distinct concepts of what it means to value and distinct, irreducible forms of value expression. I further argue that collaborative, discursive processes are one way to account for plural values in policy and decision making without requiring (...)
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  • How Much is that Ecosystem in the Window? The One with the Bio-diverse Trail.Clive L. Spash - 2008 - Environmental Values 17 (2):259-284.
    Ecosystems are increasingly characterised as goods and services to allow their valuation in monetary terms. This follows an orthodox economic approach to environmental values, but is also being undertaken by ecologists and conservation biologists. There then appears a lack of clarity and debate as to the model of human behaviour, specific values and decision process being adopted. Arguments for ecosystems service valuation are critically appraised and the case for a model leading to value pluralism is presented. The outcome is to (...)
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  • To Value Functions or Services? An Analysis of Ecosystem Valuation Approaches.Erik Ansink, Lars Hein & Knut Per Hasund - 2008 - Environmental Values 17 (4):489-503.
    Monetary valuation of ecosystem services is a widely used approach to quantify the benefits supplied by the natural environment to society. An alternative approach is the monetary valuation of ecosystem functions, which is defined as the capacity of the ecosystem to supply services. Using two European case-study areas, this paper explores the relative advantages of the two valuation approaches. This is done using a conceptual analysis, a qualitative application, and an overall comparison of both approaches. It is concluded that both (...)
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  • Better Economics for the Earth: A Lesson from Quantum and Information Theories.Quan-Hoang Vuong & Minh-Hoang Nguyen - 2024 - Hanoi, Vietnam: AISDL.
    To become more useful and efficient in sustaining the Earth's health, economics must undergo a paradigm shift in its thinking. From a humanistic perspective, humans should be the center of everything. However, from the standpoint of physics and the universe, this is not the case. As a species, having a planet among the millions in the universe where humans can survive and thrive is already a great fortune. Through this book, we also try to answer one of our long-standing questions: (...)
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  • On diversity of human-nature relationships in environmental sciences and its implications for the management of ecological crisis.L. Mouysset - 2023 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 45 (2):1-20.
    Decision makers addressing the ecological crisis face the challenge of considering complex ecosystems in their socioeconomic decisions. Complementary to ecological sciences, other scientific frameworks, grouped under the umbrella term environmental sciences, offer decision makers the opportunity to pursue sustainable paths. Because the environmental sciences are drawn from different branches of science, environmental ethics must go beyond the legacy of ecology and the life sciences to describe the contribution of scientific knowledge to addressing the ecological crisis. In this regard, I analyze (...)
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  • Relational Values: A Unifying Idea in Environmental Ethics and Evaluation?Bryan Norton & Daniel Sanbeg - 2021 - Environmental Values 30 (6):695-714.
    There has been a recent spate of publications on how we should evaluate change to ecological systems, some of which have introduced the concept of ‘relational values’. Environmental ethicists have, with a few exceptions, not engaged with this debate. We survey the literature on relational values, noting that most advocates of the concept introduce relational values as an additional type of value, in addition to ‘instrumental’ and ‘intrinsic’ values. In this paper, we explore the idea that all environmental values are (...)
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  • On the Concept and Conservation of Critical Natural Capital.C. Tyler DesRoches - 2020 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science (N/A):1-22.
    Ecological economics is an interdisciplinary science that is primarily concerned with developing interventions to achieve sustainable ecological and economic systems. While ecological economists have, over the last few decades, made various empirical, theoretical, and conceptual advancements, there is one concept in particular that remains subject to confusion: critical natural capital. While critical natural capital denotes parts of the environment that are essential for the continued existence of our species, the meaning of terms commonly associated with this concept, such as ‘non-substitutable’ (...)
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  • What are the core ideas behind the Precautionary Principle?Erik Persson - 2016 - Science of the Total Environment 557:134–141.
    The Precautionary Principle is both celebrated and criticized. It has become an important principle for decision making, but it is also subject to criticism. One problem that is often pointed out with the principle is that is not clear what it actually says and how to use it. I have taken on this problem by performing an analysis of some of the most influential formulations of the principle in an attempt to identify the core ideas behind it, with the purpose (...)
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  • On the ethics of corporate social responsibility – considering the paradigm of industrial metabolism.Jouni Korhonen - 2003 - Journal of Business Ethics 48 (4):301-315.
    This paper attempts to bridge business ethics to corporate social responsibility including the social and environmental dimensions. The objective of the paper is to suggest a conceptual methodology with which ethics of corporate environmental management tools can be considered. The method includes two stages that are required for a shift away from the current dominant unsustainable paradigm and toward a more sustainable paradigm. The first stage is paradigmatic, metaphoric and normative. The second stage is a practical stage, which in turn, (...)
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  • Does environmental science crowd out non-epistemic values?Kinley Gillette, Stephen Andrew Inkpen & C. Tyler DesRoches - 2021 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 87 (C):81-92.
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  • Art or Nature?: Aristotle, Restoration Ecology, and Flowforms.Trish Glazebrook - 2003 - Ethics and the Environment 8 (1):22-36.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Ethics & the Environment 8.1 (2003) 22-36 [Access article in PDF] Art or Nature?Aristotle, Restoration Ecology, and Flowforms Trish Glazebrook He to whom nature begins to reveal her open secrets will feel an irresistible yearning for her most worthy interpreter: Art. 1Aristotle believed strongly in a distinction between artifact (technê) and nature (physis). He intended by "technê" more than is generally understood by the contemporary term "art," for he (...)
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  • The Relationship between Intragenerational and Intergenerational Ecological Justice.Stefanie Glotzbach & Stefan BaumgÄRtner - 2012 - Environmental Values 21 (3):331-355.
    The principle of sustainability contains two objectives of justice regarding the conservation and use of ecosystems and their services : global justice between different people of the present generation ; justice between people of different generations. Three hypotheses about their relationship — independency, facilitation and rivalry — are held in the political and scientific sustainability discourse. Applying the method of qualitative content analysis to important political documents and the scientific literature, we reveal six determinants underlying the different hypotheses: quantity and (...)
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  • The Poverty of Radical Ecological Economics: A Critique of Clive Spash from the Viewpoint of the Austrian School.Renaud Fillieule - 2023 - Journal des Economistes Et des Etudes Humaines 29 (1):21-43.
    This paper delves into the work of Clive L. Spash, a British radical ecological economist well-known in his field who currently holds a professorship at the Vienna University of Economics and Business. We start with an examination of the principles of his “social ecological economics.” We then critically evaluate his attack on economic growth and his perspective on the standard economic models of climate change. Lastly, we explore his approach to science as a theoretical pursuit and his policy recommendations. The (...)
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  • A Solarpunk Manifesto: Turning Imaginary into Reality.William Joseph Gillam - 2023 - Philosophies 8 (4):73.
    In the last century, science fiction has become an incredibly powerful tool in depicting alternative social imaginaries, particularly those of the future. Extending beyond their fictious nature is a commentary on the stark realities of modern society. The ‘cyberpunk’ subgenre, for example, offers a dystopian critique on the dangers of technological dependence and hypercapitalism. In studying science fiction, future imaginaries can be developed as utopian goals for governance systems to strive for. In contrast to cyberpunk, the subgenre of ‘solarpunk’ depicts (...)
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  • Bringing Sustainability Down to Earth: Heihe River as a Paradigm Case of Sustainable Water Allocation.Konrad Ott, Lilin Kerschbaumer, Jan Felix Köbbing & Niels Thevs - 2016 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 29 (5):835-856.
    The article analyses a transdisciplinary wicked upstream–downstream conflict over water allocation in an arid region of Inner Mongolia. This conflict is about scarce water resources which can be either allocated to irrigation agriculture upstream or to preservation and restoration a rare ecosystem downstream. This conflict is located at the interface of environmental and agricultural ethics. The case study is about Heihe River, agricultural demands for irrigation in the region of Zhangye, and endangered Tugai forest at downstream Heihe in Ejina oasis. (...)
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  • Should Biodiversity be Useful? Scope and Limits of Ecosystem Services as an Argument for Biodiversity Conservation.Glenn Deliège & Stijn Neuteleers - 2015 - Environmental Values 24 (2):165-182.
    This article examines the argument that biodiversity is crucial for well-functioning ecosystems and that such ecosystems provide important goods and services to our human societies, in short the ecosystem services argument (ESA). While the ESA can be a powerful argument for nature preservation, we argue that its dominant functionalist interpretation is confronted with three sig-nificant problems. First, the ESA seems unable to preserve the nature it claims to preserve. Second, the ESA cannot explain why those caring about nature want to (...)
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  • Disciplinary breadth and interdisciplinary knowledge production.Lewis E. Gilbert - 1998 - Knowledge, Technology & Policy 11 (1-2):4-15.
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  • Conservation through Commodification?Jozef Keulartz - 2013 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 16 (3):297-307.
    During the past decade, we have seen the introduction of market-based mechanisms in biodiversity policy. Biodiversity markets are considered powerful tools to slow down or even stop the ongoing loss of biodiversity by internalizing costs that are traditionally externalized. This paper questions these optimistic expectations. Can we save nature by selling it? Is conservation through commodification a viable option? This paper maps both the social and ecological problems of the commodification of nature that is a necessary precondition for biodiversity markets (...)
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  • Beyond Intrinsic and Instrumental: Third-Category Value in Environmental Ethics and Environmental Policy.Anna Https://Orcidorg Deplazes-Zemp - 2024 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 27 (2):166-188.
    Values have always tended to play a central role in discourse on the environment, a tendency which is currently particularly evident in the biodiversity context. Traditionally, arguments about the environment have invoked instrumental value to highlight the necessity or utility of a healthy environment for people and intrinsic value to emphasize the importance of protecting nature for its own sake. More recently, this value dichotomy has been challenged, and the notion of a third value category – relational value – has (...)
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  • Manahau: Toward an Indigenous Māori theory of value.Jason Paul Mika, Kiri Dell, Jamie Newth & Carla Houkamau - 2022 - Philosophy of Management 21 (4):441-463.
    The theoretical challenge posed by this paper is to find a conceptualisation of value for entrepreneurship theory grounded in Indigenous knowledge from a Māori perspective capable of guiding entrepreneurs operating for sustainability and wellbeing. We review Western and Māori theories of value, values, and valuation. We argue that Indigenous concepts of value centre on collective wellbeing as opposed to self-interest, and have spiritual and material elements. The paper proposes a tentative Māori theory of value we call manahau, which combines mana (...)
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  • Which Methods Are Useful to Justify Public Policies? An Analysis of Cost–Benefit Analysis, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, and Non-Aggregate Indicator Systems.Gertrude Hirsch Hadorn - 2022 - Journal for General Philosophy of Science / Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie 53 (2):123-141.
    Science-based methods for assessing the practical rationality of a proposed public policy typically represent assumed future outcomes of policies and values attributed to these outcomes in an idealized, that is, intentionally distorted way and abstracted from aspects that are deemed irrelevant. Different types of methods do so in different ways. As a consequence, they instantiate the properties that result from abstraction and idealization such as conceptual simplicity versus complexity, or comprehensiveness versus selectivity of the values under consideration to different degrees. (...)
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  • Improving Land Use Planning through the Evaluation of Ecosystem Services: One Case Study of Quyang County.Lin Liu, Yapeng Zhou, Haikui Yin, Ruiqiang Zhang, Ying Ma, Guijun Zhang, Pengfei Zhao & Jinxiong Feng - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-13.
    Competition for land is increasing as demand for multiple land uses and ecosystem services rises. Land regulation of the principles of landscape ecology is necessary to develop more sustainable approaches to land use planning. The research evaluated the present land patterns and determined best practices for its regulation of Dongwang Township in Quyang County, located in the Taihang Mountain area of Hebei Province, China. The research used the landscape ecology theory to construct an index system for landscape pattern analysis based (...)
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  • Model Coupling in Resource Economics: Conditions for Effective Interdisciplinary Collaboration.MacLeod Miles & Michiru Nagatsu - 2016 - Philosophy of Science 83 (3):412-433.
    In this article we argue for the importance of studying interdisciplinary collaborations by focusing on the role that good choice and design of model-building frameworks and strategies can play overcoming the inherent difficulties of collaborative research. We provide an empirical study of particular collaborations between economists and ecologists in resource economics. We discuss various features of how models are put together for interdisciplinary collaboration in these cases and show how the use of a coupled-model framework in this case to coordinate (...)
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  • How the Invisible Hand is Supposed to Adjust the Natural Thermostat: A Guide for the Perplexed.Servaas Storm - 2017 - Science and Engineering Ethics 23 (5):1307-1331.
    Mainstream climate economics takes global warming seriously, but perplexingly concludes that the optimal economic policy is to almost do nothing about it. This conclusion can be traced to just a few “normative” assumptions, over which there exists fundamental disagreement amongst economists. This paper explores two axes of this disagreement. The first axis measures faith in the invisible hand to adjust the natural thermostat. The second axis expresses differences in views on the efficiency and equity implications of climate action. The two (...)
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  • What Does 'Natural Capital' Do? The Role of Metaphor in Economic Understanding of the Environment.Maria Åkerman - 2003 - Environmental Values 12 (4):431-448.
    At the time of its introduction in the end of the 1980s, the concept of natural capital represented new, more ecologically aware thinking in economics. As a symbol of novel thinking, the metaphor of natural capital stimulated a debate between different disciplinary traditions on the definitions of the concept and research priorities and methods. The concept became a means to control the discourse of sustainable development. In this paper, I focus on the power/ knowledge implications of the use of the (...)
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  • The Convention on Biological Diversity: From Realism to Cosmopolitanism.Virginie Maris - 2005 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 35 (sup1):335-362.
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  • From organizations as systems of ocean destruction to organizations as systems of ocean thriving.Heloise Berkowitz - 2023 - Business and Society Review 128 (1):71-94.
    Despite growing awareness around human impacts on marine ecosystems, little action is taken to reduce the negative effects of organizations on the ocean, thus increasing risks of global collapse. In this paper, I argue that organizations act as systems of ocean destruction, and I explore how to operate a shift to organizations as systems of ocean conservation and thriving, enabling human–ocean socio‐ecological coviability. To do so, I analyze the organizational affordances of the ocean: incommensurability, open access and complex property regimes, (...)
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  • Biodiversity? Yes, But What Kind? A Critical Reassessment in Light of a Challenge from Microbial Ecology.Nicolae Morar - 2019 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 32 (2):201-218.
    Biodiversity has become one of the most important conservation values that drive our ecological management and directly inform our environmental policy. This paper highlights the dangers of strategically appropriating concepts from ecological sciences and also of uncritically inserting them into conservation debates as unqualified normative landmarks. Here, I marshal evidence from a cutting-edge research program in microbial ecology, which shows that if species richness is our major normative target, then we are faced with extraordinary ethical implications. This example challenges our (...)
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  • Cultural Ecosystem Services: A Critical Assessment.Simon P. James - 2015 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 18 (3):338-350.
    This paper is about the practice of evaluating ecosystems on the basis of the cultural services they provide. My first aim is to assess the various objections that have been made to this practice. My second is to argue that when particular places are integral to people’s lives, their value cannot be adequately conceived in terms of the provision of cultural ecosystem services. It follows, I conclude, that the ecosystem services framework can provide only a very limited account of the (...)
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  • How Much is a Healthy River Worth? The Value of Recreation-based Tourism in the Connecticut River Watershed.Clement Loo, Helen Poulos, James Workman, Annie deBoer & Julia Michaels - 2015 - Ethics, Policy and Environment 18 (1):44-59.
    Data about flow rate, fishing intensity, and expenditures made by anglers can be used to capture some of the recreational value of waterways in economic terms in a way that avoids a number of the weaknesses of the most commonly used tools such as the contingent valuation method. Furthermore, recreational fishing may spur more economic activity than competing uses of riverine flows such as agriculture. This suggests that potential opportunity cost in regards to recreation ought to be a factor considered (...)
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  • On the Economic Value of Ecosystem Services.Mark Sagoff - 2008 - Environmental Values 17 (2):239-257.
    The productive services of nature, such as the ability of fertile soil to grow crops, receive low market prices not because markets fail but because many natural resources, such as good cropland, are abundant relative to effective demand. Even when one pays nothing for a service such as that the wind provides in pollinating crops, this is its 'correct' market price if the supply is adequate and free. The paper argues that ecological services are either too 'lumpy' to price in (...)
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  • Effects of Land Use/Cover Change on the Ecosystem Service Values in the Greater Bay Area of China Accounting for Spatiotemporal Complexity.Yingying Liu, Yalan Shi & Chunyu Liu - 2022 - Complexity 2022:1-17.
    With the rapid development of the economy, the land use/cover change in the Greater Bay Area has undergone tremendous changes, which have had directly negative effects on ecosystem functions and services. The development of sustainable land use strategies to quantitatively evaluate ecosystem services is required. Based on multitemporal land use data, the equivalent coefficients table method was used to assess the ecosystem service values, and the impact of LUCC on ecosystem services was analyzed. A future land use simulation model and (...)
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  • The long-term protection of biological diversity—lessons from market ethics.J. Barkmann & R. Marggraf - 2004 - Poiesis and Praxis 3 (1):3-21.
    Economic markets are not morally free zones. Contrary to popular misconceptions, market functioning rests on the ethical principles of fairness and voluntariness. This ethical foundation can be traced back at least to moral philosopher Adam Smith, one of the founders of modern economics. In the inconspicuous form of microeconomic axioms, these moral foundations are preserved. Thus, virtually all “neo-classic” economic concepts presuppose a market ethics of fairness and voluntariness. In a world of pervasive uncertainty on the long-term development of the (...)
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  • “Who is There That Doesn’t Calculate?” Homo Economicus as a Measuring Instrument in Non-Market Accounting.Oliver Schlaudt - 2021 - Perspectives on Science 29 (6):842-868.
    Contemporary approaches to “non-market accounting” depend critically on methods of “monetization,” i.e., determining prices for goods outside the market. Monetization constitutes a case of economic measurement in a narrow sense that has not yet been analyzed in the literature on measurement in economics. Monetization, I will argue, uses homo economicus—originally created as a model to explain existing prices—as a measuring device, one that generates new prices for goods that are not traded on markets. Homo economicus, though long contested in microeconomics, (...)
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  • A Natural Resource Dependence Perspective of the Firm: How and Why Firms Manage Natural Resource Scarcity.Peter Tashman - 2021 - Business and Society 60 (6):1279-1311.
    Although natural resource scarcity is a pressing issue for many organizations, it has received little attention in management research. Drawing on resource dependence theory, this article theorizes how organizations manage uncertainty from their dependence on scarce natural resources. For this end, it explains how socio-ecological processes involving anthropogenic impacts on ecosystem services cause this form of uncertainty. It then proposes that organizations develop wide-ranging responses to such uncertainty, depending on their predominant institutional logics, from protecting and restoring ecosystems that provision (...)
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  • Ecosystem services in life and earth sciences curricula, textbooks, and online resources: A simple positivist rationalization of the human-nature relationship?.Marco Barroca-Paccard & Sandrine Turcotte - 2024 - Revue Phronesis 13 (3):33-49.
    In France, the newly designed life and earth sciences programs for the Première Générale (second year of lycée) now include a segment dedicated to ecosystem services. The primary objective is to transition from an anthropocentric approach to an ecocentric approach, integrating the notion of ecosystem services (ES). Our article conducts an epistemological examination of the ES concept, scrutinizing its definition, the array of examples and services, the human role in the environment, monetization, and connections to environmental ethics. The analysis was (...)
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  • Environmental Decline and the Rise of Religion.Matthew Orr - 2003 - Zygon 38 (4):895-910.
    Historically, crises have spawned deliberate, widespread efforts to change a culture's worldviews. Anthropologists have characterized such efforts as “revitalization movements” and speculated that many of the world's religions, including Christianity, arose through revitalization. Some responses to the planet's environmental crisis share the characteristics of both a revitalization movement and an incipient religion. They call for a science‐based cosmology and an encompassing reverence for nature, and thus differ from responses to environmental decline offered by traditional religions. As environmental problems deepen, historical (...)
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  • The Values of Biodiversity. An Introduction.Elena Casetta - 2015 - Rivista di Estetica 59:3-13.
    In questo contributo di introduzione al volume “Biodiversity” (Rivista di Estetica n. 59, 2015), dopo aver sottolineato il legame tra la realizzazione degli inventari biologici (le tassonomie) e lo studio della biodiversità, e la difficoltà di definire la biodiversità, prendo in esame tre diversi modi di intendere il valore della biodiversità. Oltre al valore etico ed estetico, oggetto rispettivamente di discipline relativamente recenti come l’etica ambientale e l’estetica ambientale, la biodiversità ha un valore economico, presente soprattutto nel cosiddetto approccio dei (...)
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  • Environmental and Ecological Aspects in the Overall Assessment of Bioeconomy.András Székács - 2017 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 30 (1):153-170.
    Bioeconomy solutions potentially reduce the utilization demand of natural resources, and therefore, represent steps towards circular economy, but are not per se equivalent to sustainability. Thus, production may remain to be achieved against losses in natural resources or at other environmental costs, and materials produced by bioeconomy are not necessarily biodegradable. As a consequence, the assumption that emerging bioeconomy by itself provides an environmentally sustainable economy is not justified, as technologies do not necessarily become sustainable merely through their conversion to (...)
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  • Responding to Value Pluralism in Hybrid Organizations.Erin I. Castellas, Wendy Stubbs & Véronique Ambrosini - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 159 (3):635-650.
    In this paper, we derive a four-stage process model of how hybrid organizations respond to specific challenges that arise under conditions of value pluralism and institutional complexity. Engaging in exploratory qualitative research of six Australian hybrid organizations, we identify institutional and organizational responses to pluralism, particularly as organizations strive to uphold multiple value commitments, such as social, environmental and/or financial outcomes. We find that by employing a process of separating, negotiating, aggregating, and subjectively assessing the value that is created, our (...)
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  • How Useful are the Concepts of Familiarity, Biological Integrity, and Ecosystem Health for Evaluating Damages by GM Crops?Ulrich Heink, Robert Bartz & Ingo Kowarik - 2012 - Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 25 (1):3-17.
    In the discussion about consequences of the release of genetically modified (GM) crops, the meaning of the term “environmental damage” is difficult to pin down. We discuss some established concepts and criteria for understanding and evaluating such damages. Focusing on the concepts of familiarity, biological integrity, and ecosystem health, we argue that, for the most part, these concepts are highly ambiguous. While environmental damage is mostly understood as significant adverse effects on conservation resources, these concepts may not relate directly to (...)
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  • Modern cities modelled as “super‐cells” rather than multicellular organisms: Implications for industry, goods and services.Jie Chang, Ying Ge, Zhaoping Wu, Yuanyuan Du, Kaixuan Pan, Guofu Yang, Yuan Ren, Mikko P. Heino, Feng Mao, Kang Hao Cheong, Zelong Qu, Xing Fan, Yong Min, Changhui Peng & Laura A. Meyerson - 2021 - Bioessays 43 (7):2100041.
    The structure and “metabolism” (movement and conversion of goods and energy) of urban areas has caused cities to be identified as “super‐organisms”, placed between ecosystems and the biosphere, in the hierarchy of living systems. Yet most such analogies are weak, and render the super‐organism model ineffective for sustainable development of cities. Via a cluster analysis of 15 shared traits of the hierarchical living system, we found that industrialized cities are more similar to eukaryotic cells than to multicellular organisms; enclosed systems, (...)
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  • Adapting with Microbial Help: Microbiome Flexibility Facilitates Rapid Responses to Environmental Change.Christian R. Voolstra & Maren Ziegler - 2020 - Bioessays 42 (7):2000004.
    Animals and plants are metaorganisms and associate with microbes that affect their physiology, stress tolerance, and fitness. Here the hypothesis that alteration of the microbiome may constitute a fast‐response mechanism to environmental change is examined. This is supported by recent reciprocal transplant experiments with reef corals, which have shown that their microbiome adapts to thermally variable habitats and changes over time when transplanted into different environments. Further, inoculation of corals with beneficial bacteria increases their stress tolerance. But corals differ in (...)
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  • Seeking Resistance in Coral Reef Ecosystems: The Interplay of Biophysical Factors and Bleaching Resistance under a Changing Climate.Charlotte E. Page, William Leggat, Scott F. Heron, Severine M. Choukroun, Jon Lloyd & Tracy D. Ainsworth - 2019 - Bioessays 41 (7):1800226.
    If we are to ensure the persistence of species in an increasingly warm world, of interest is the identification of drivers that affect the ability of an organism to resist thermal stress. Underpinning any organism's capacity for resistance is a complex interplay between biological and physical factors occurring over multiple scales. Tropical coral reefs are a unique system, in that their function is dependent upon the maintenance of a coral–algal symbiosis that is directly disrupted by increases in water temperature. A (...)
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  • Our Environmental Value Orientations Influence How We Respond to Climate Change.N. A. Marshall, L. Thiault, A. Beeden, R. Beeden, C. Benham, M. I. Curnock, A. Diedrich, G. G. Gurney, L. Jones, P. A. Marshall, N. Nakamura & P. Pert - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  • A Import'ncia da Biodiversidade para o Ecólogo.Helena Serrano, Cristina Branquinho & Maria Amélia Martins-Loução - 2019 - Kairos 21 (1):72-95.
    Resumo Com a presente dominância do Homem sobre os ecossistemas, a sociedade enfrenta agora novos desafios do foro social, ético e ambiental. A Ecologia, como ciência transversal e holística, tem muito a contribuir para a construção do conhecimento científico, aquisição de dados e elaboração de propostas de resolução de problemas ambientais com vista a diluir o ecocentrismo e catastrofismo. A ecologia enquanto ciência pode e deve mostrar as relações entre espécies, entre comunidades e ecossistemas, entre o Homem e a natureza, (...)
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  • Nature Relatedness and Environmental Concern of Young People in Ecuador and Germany.Maximilian Dornhoff, Jan-Niklas Sothmann, Florian Fiebelkorn & Susanne Menzel - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10:422312.
    Today's societies are confronted by a daily biodiversity loss, which will increase in the face of climate change and environmental pollution. Biodiversity loss is a particularly severe problem in so-called biodiversity hotspots. Ecuador is an example of a country that hosts two different biodiversity hotspots. Human behavior - in developing as well as in industrial countries such as Germany - must be considered as one of the most important direct and indirect drivers of this global trend and thus plays a (...)
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  • Ce qui fonde l'éthique environnementale.Augustin Berque - 2004 - Diogène 207 (3):3-14.
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