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  1. An Exploratory Study of Ethics Codes of Professional Public Relations Associations: Proposing Modified Universal Codes of Ethics in Public Relations.Soo-Yeon Kim & Eyun-Jung Ki - 2014 - Journal of Mass Media Ethics 29 (4):238-257.
    Public relations scholars have demonstrated contradictory views regarding the application of universal versus culture-specific approaches for understanding global public relations ethics. However, few comparative studies have empirically explored public relations ethics on a global scale. To that end, this study represents an exploratory attempt to provide a descriptive picture of public relations professional associations and their codes of ethics across 107 countries. In conclusion, we argue that honesty, safeguarding of confidences of clients, and prohibition of conflicts of interest of competing (...)
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  • Ethical considerations of public relations practitioners: An empirical analysis of the tares test.Paul S. Lieber - 2005 - Journal of Mass Media Ethics 20 (4):288 – 304.
    This study conducted the first empirical testing of Baker and Martinson's TARES test of ethical consideration factors for public relations practitioners. The TARES test is composed of 5 interconnected parts: truthfulness of the message, authenticity of the persuader, respect for the persuadee, equity of the appeal, and social responsibility for the common good. Results of an online exploratory survey indicate that the TARES test is better suited for a 3-factor configuration based on Day's definition of moral knowledge and that ethical (...)
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  • Have Global Ethical Values Emerged in the Public Relations Industry? Evidence from National and International Professional Public Relations Associations.Maureen Taylor & Aimei Yang - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 130 (3):543-555.
    Globalization has the potential to create a network society where “there is a common cultural code of values that forms the glue of the network”. This article explores if common cultural codes of values are emerging in the public relations industry by examining the codes of ethics of 41 professional public relations associations across the world. The method for the analysis was Centering Resonance Analysis, a textual analysis methodology, that uses linguistics theory to assess main concepts, their influence, and their (...)
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  • Does Ethics Statement of a Public Relations Firm Make a Difference? Yes it Does!!Eyun-Jung Ki, Hong-Lim Choi & Junghyuk Lee - 2012 - Journal of Business Ethics 105 (2):267-276.
    Attempting to determine solutions for unethical practices in the field, this research was designed to assess the effectiveness of public relations firms’ ethics statements in decreasing the incidence of malpractice. This study revealed an encouraging finding that practitioners working in firms with ethical parameters were significantly more likely to engage in ethical practices. Moreover, educating public relations practitioners about the content of ethics statement could positively influence their ethical practices. At the same time, this study’s findings suggest further questions for (...)
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  • From Enforcement to Education: The Development of PRSA's Member Code of Ethics 2000.Kathy R. Fitzpatrick - 2002 - Journal of Mass Media Ethics 17 (2):111-135.
    The Public Relations Society of America's Member Code of Ethics 2000 assumes professional standing for PRSA members, emphasizes public relations' advocacy role, and stresses education rather than enforcement as key to improving industry standards. Code development involved more than 2 years of research and writing and the counsel of outside ethics experts. In this article I review the code development process, providing an insider's perspective on the ethics initiative.
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  • Ethics Management in Public Relations: Practitioner Conceptualizations of Ethical Leadership, Knowledge, Training and Compliance.Seow Ting Lee & I.-Huei Cheng - 2012 - Journal of Mass Media Ethics 27 (2):80 - 96.
    Little is known and understood about ethics management or the development of formal, systematic, and goal-directed initiatives to improve ethics in the public relations workplace. This study found little ethics training and written guidelines in the public relations workplace. Organizational ethics initiatives are poorly communicated to practitioners and rely mostly on punitive restraints with little reward for ethical behavior. For many practitioners, ethics is not learned through workplace ethics initiatives but rather is mostly informed by external influences including personal values, (...)
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