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  1. Evaluating the effectiveness of clinical ethics committees: a systematic review.Chiara Crico, Virginia Sanchini, Paolo Giovanni Casali & Gabriella Pravettoni - 2021 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 24 (1):135-151.
    Clinical Ethics Committees (CECs), as distinct from Research Ethics Committees, were originally established with the aim of supporting healthcare professionals in managing controversial clinical ethical issues. However, it is still unclear whether they manage to accomplish this task and what is their impact on clinical practice. This systematic review aims to collect available assessments of CECs’ performance as reported in literature, in order to evaluate CECs’ effectiveness. We retrieved all literature published up to November 2019 in six databases (PubMed, Ovid (...)
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  • Implementing clinical ethics committees as a complex intervention: presentation of a feasibility study in community care.Morten Magelssen, Heidi Karlsen, Reidar Pedersen & Lisbeth Thoresen - 2020 - BMC Medical Ethics 21 (1):1-9.
    BackgroundHow should clinical ethics support services such as clinical ethics committees (CECs) be implemented and evaluated? We argue that both the CEC itself and theimplementationof the CEC should be considered as ‘complex interventions’.Main textWe present a research project involving the implementation of CECs in community care in four Norwegian municipalities. We show that when both the CEC and its implementation are considered as complex interventions, important consequences follow – both for implementation and the study thereof. Emphasizing four such sets of (...)
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  • Training clinical ethics committee members between 1992 and 2017: systematic scoping review.Yun Ting Ong, Nicholas Yue Shuen Yoon, Hong Wei Yap, Elijah Gin Lim, Kuang Teck Tay, Ying Pin Toh, Annelissa Chin & Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (1):36-42.
    IntroductionClinical ethics committees (CECs) support and enhance communication and complex decision making, educate healthcare professionals and the public on ethical matters and maintain standards of care. However, a consistent approach to training members of CECs is lacking. A systematic scoping review was conducted to evaluate prevailing CEC training curricula to guide the design of an evidence-based approach.MethodsArksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews was used to evaluate prevailing accounts of CEC training published in six databases. Braun and Clarke’s (...)
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  • An Alternative Account of Clinical Ethics: Leveraging the Strength of the Health Care Team.Christine Grady, Amy Haddad & Cynda Rushton - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics 18 (6):59-60.
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  • Were the “Pioneer” Clinical Ethics Consultants “Outsiders”? For Them, Was “Critical Distance” That Critical?Bruce D. White, Wayne N. Shelton & Cassandra J. Rivais - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics 18 (6):34-44.
    “Clinical ethics consultants” have been practicing in the United States for about 50 years. Most of the earliest consultants—the “pioneers”—were “outsiders” when they first appeared at patients' bedsides and in the clinic. However, if they were outsiders initially, they acclimated to the clinical setting and became “insiders” very quickly. Moreover, there was some tension between traditional academics and those doing applied ethics about whether there was sufficient “critical distance” for appropriate reflection about the complex medical ethics dilemmas of the day (...)
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  • Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Responding to Those Who Hope for a Miracle: Practices for Clinical Bioethicists”.Trevor M. Bibler, Myrick C. Shinall & Devan Stahl - 2018 - American Journal of Bioethics 18 (5):W1-W5.
    Significant challenges arise for clinical care teams when a patient or surrogate decision-maker hopes a miracle will occur. This article answers the question, “How should clinical bioethicists respond when a medical decision-maker uses the hope for a miracle to orient her medical decisions?” We argue the ethicist must first understand the complexity of the miracle-invocation. To this end, we provide a taxonomy of miracle-invocations that assist the ethicist in analyzing the invocator's conceptions of God, community, and self. After the ethicist (...)
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  • Four Roles of Ethical Theory in Clinical Ethics Consultation.Morten Magelssen, Reidar Pedersen & Reidun Førde - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics 16 (9):26-33.
    When clinical ethics committee members discuss a complex ethical dilemma, what use do they have for normative ethical theories? Members without training in ethical theory may still contribute to a pointed and nuanced analysis. Nonetheless, the knowledge and use of ethical theories can play four important roles: aiding in the initial awareness and identification of the moral challenges, assisting in the analysis and argumentation, contributing to a sound process and dialogue, and inspiring an attitude of reflexivity. These four roles of (...)
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  • Quality Assessment of the Ethics Consultation Service at the Organizational Level: Accrediting Ethics Consultation Services.Kenneth A. Berkowitz, Aviva L. Katz, Kathleen E. Powderly & Jeffrey P. Spike - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics 16 (3):42-44.
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  • A Pilot Evaluation of Portfolios for Quality Attestation of Clinical Ethics Consultants.Joseph J. Fins, Eric Kodish, Felicia Cohn, Marion Danis, Arthur R. Derse, Nancy Neveloff Dubler, Barbara Goulden, Mark Kuczewski, Mary Beth Mercer, Robert A. Pearlman, Martin L. Smith, Anita Tarzian & Stuart J. Youngner - 2016 - American Journal of Bioethics 16 (3):15-24.
    Although clinical ethics consultation is a high-stakes endeavor with an increasing prominence in health care systems, progress in developing standards for quality is challenging. In this article, we describe the results of a pilot project utilizing portfolios as an evaluation tool. We found that this approach is feasible and resulted in a reasonably wide distribution of scores among the 23 submitted portfolios that we evaluated. We discuss limitations and implications of these results, and suggest that this is a significant step (...)
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  • The Ethical Health Lawyer.Amy L. McGuire, Mary A. Majumder & J. Richard Cheney - 2005 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 33 (3):603-607.
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  • A Risky Recommendation.Trevor Bibler & Courtenay R. Bruce - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics 15 (1):70-72.
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  • Preventing the Predictable.Adam Pena - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics 15 (1):72-74.
    Health care clinicians often rely upon a clinical ethicist's expertise to elucidate patient preferences when Jehovah's Witness (JW) patients refuse blood products or when there is ambiguity about a...
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  • Realistic Goals and Expectations for Clinical Ethics Consultations: We Should Not Overstate What We Can Deliver.Wayne N. Shelton & Bruce D. White - 2015 - American Journal of Bioethics 15 (1):54-56.
    The article by Professor Fiester (2015) expresses concern about the long-term moral distress or negative moral emotions, both aspects of moral residue, that linger in some stakeholders’ experiences...
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  • Connecting Certification and Education.Toby Schonfeld, Cory Labrecque & Hugh Stoddard - 2014 - American Journal of Bioethics 14 (1):18-19.
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  • Knowing when disagreements are deep.David M. Adams - 2005 - Informal Logic 25 (1):65-77.
    Reasoned disagreement is a pervasive feature of public life, and the persistence of disagreement is sometimes troublesome, reflecting the need to make difficult decisions. Fogelin suggests that parties to a deep disagreement should abandon reason and switch to non-rational persuasion. But how are the parties to know when to make such a switch? I argue that Fogelin's analysis doesn't clearly address this question, and that disputes arising in areas like medical decision making are such that the parties to them have (...)
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  • Sickle Cell Disease and the “Difficult Patient” Conundrum.Edward J. Bergman & Nicholas J. Diamond - 2013 - American Journal of Bioethics 13 (4):3 - 10.
    (2013). Sickle Cell Disease and the “Difficult Patient” Conundrum. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 3-10. doi: 10.1080/15265161.2013.767954.
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  • Education for Ethics Practice: Tailoring Curricula to Local Needs and Objectives. [REVIEW]Cheryl Cline, Ann Heesters, Barbara Secker & Andrea Frolic - 2012 - HEC Forum 24 (3):227-243.
    Currently, there is no authoritative credentialing process for individuals engaged in ethics practice, no accreditation system that sets minimum education standards for programs aiming to prepare these individuals for their work, and little evidence available that any particular training model is actually achieving its pedagogical goals. At the same time, a number of healthcare organizations and universities now routinely offer post-graduate programs, clinical fellowships and in-house training specifically devised to prepare graduates for ethics practice. However, while their numbers appear to (...)
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  • 500 Hats: Exploring the Challenges of Boundary and Community—Reflections on Professionalization. [REVIEW]Ann Heesters - 2012 - HEC Forum 24 (3):171-178.
    I argue that it is possible to reframe the current debates over professionalization in a way that can account for disagreement without insisting that its advocates and opponents are adversaries. Giles Scofield, and critics like him, may be understood as engaging in the sort of theoretical disagreement that is an inescapable and vital part of our practice. The field could profit from the work of legal theorist Ronald Dworkin who has long argued that people of good will and great competence (...)
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  • Patient Advocacy in Clinical Ethics Consultation.Lisa M. Rasmussen - 2012 - American Journal of Bioethics 12 (8):1 - 9.
    The question of whether clinical ethics consultants may engage in patient advocacy in the course of consultation has not been addressed, but it highlights for the field that consultants? allegiances, and the boundaries of appropriate professional practice, must be better understood. I consider arguments for and against patient advocacy in clinical ethics consultation, which demonstrate that patient advocacy is permissible, but not central to the practice of consultation. I then offer four recommendations for consultants who engage in patient advocacy, and (...)
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  • The “Difficult” Patient Reconceived: An Expanded Moral Mandate for Clinical Ethics.Autumn Fiester - 2012 - American Journal of Bioethics 12 (5):2-7.
    Between 15 and 60% of patients are considered ?difficult? by their treating physicians. Patient psychiatric pathology is the conventional explanation for why patients are deemed ?difficult.? But the prevalence of the problem suggests the possibility of a less pathological cause. I argue that the phenomenon can be better explained as a response to problematic interactions related to health care delivery. If there are grounds to reconceive the ?difficult? patient as reacting to the perception of ill treatment, then there is an (...)
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  • The Anatomy of Bioethical Consultations.D. Micah Hester - 2001 - American Journal of Bioethics 1 (4):57-58.
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  • The Ethical Health Lawyer.Amy L. McGuire, Mary A. Majumder & J. Richard Cheney - 2005 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 33 (3):603-607.
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  • Talking about spirituality in the clinical setting: Can being professional require being personal?Mark G. Kuczewski - 2007 - American Journal of Bioethics 7 (7):4 – 11.
    Spirituality or religion often presents as a foreign element to the clinical environment, and its language and reasoning can be a source of conflict there. As a result, the use of spirituality or religion by patients and families seems to be a solicitation that is destined to be unanswered and seems to open a distance between those who speak this language and those who do not. I argue that there are two promising approaches for engaging such language and helping patients (...)
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  • Constructed and enacted rules.Tom Buller - 2001 - American Journal of Bioethics 1 (4):1 – 2.
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  • A draft model aggregated code of ethics for bioethicists.Robert Baker - 2005 - American Journal of Bioethics 5 (5):33 – 41.
    Bioethicists function in an environment in which their peers - healthcare executives, lawyers, nurses, physicians - assert the integrity of their fields through codes of professional ethics. Is it time for bioethics to assert its integrity by developing a code of ethics? Answering in the affirmative, this paper lays out a case by reviewing the historical nature and function of professional codes of ethics. Arguing that professional codes are aggregative enterprises growing in response to a field's historical experiences, it asserts (...)
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  • Ethics Consultation in U.S. Hospitals: Adherence to National Practice Standards.Anita Tarzian, Ellen Fox, Marion Danis & Christopher C. Duke - 2022 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 13 (1):10-21.
    BackgroundAdherence to widely accepted practice standards is a frequently used measure of healthcare quality. In the U.S., the most widely recognized authoritative source of practice standards for ethics consultation (EC) is the second edition of the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities’ Core Competencies for Healthcare Ethics Consultation report.MethodsTo determine the extent to which EC practices in U.S. hospitals adhere to these practice standards, we developed and analyzed 12 evaluative measures from a national survey.ResultsOnly three of the 12 standards achieved (...)
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