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A treatise of human nature

Harmondsworth,: Penguin Books. Edited by Ernest Campbell Mossner (1969)

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  1. Communication fMRI and the Mental Life of patients in the Vegetative State: a Philosophical Challenge.Hendrik Terwort - 2011 - Res Cogitans 8 (1).
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  • Aristotle’s conception of practical wisdom and what it means for moral education in schools.Atli Harðarson - 2019 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 51 (14):1518-1527.
    Aristotle took practical wisdom to include cleverness, and something more. The hard question, that he does not explicitly answer, is what this something more is. On my interpretation, the practically wise are not merely more knowledgeable about what is good for people. They are also better able to discern all the values at stake, in whatever circumstances they find themselves. This is an ability that good people develop, typically rather late in life, provided they are masters of their own affairs. (...)
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  • Rightly or for Ill: The Ethics of Individual Memory.Alison Reiheld - 2018 - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 28 (4):377-410.
    In this investigation, I focus on individual memory behaviors for which we commonly blame and praise each other. Alas, we too often do so unreflectively. Blame and praise should not be undertaken lightly or without a good grasp on both what we are holding people responsible for, and the conditions under which they can be held responsible. I lay out the constructivist view of memory with consideration for both remembering and forgetting, and special attention to how we remember events as (...)
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  • Reflective Knowledge and the Nature of Truth.José L. Zalabardo - 2016 - Disputatio 8 (43):147-171.
    I consider the problem of reflective knowledge faced by views that treat sensitivity as a sufficient condition for knowledge, or as a major ingredient of the concept, as in the analysis I advance in Scepticism and Reliable Belief. I present the problem as concerning the correct analysis of SATs — beliefs to the effect that one of my current beliefs is true. I suggest that a plausible analysis of SATs should treat them as neither true nor false when they ascribe (...)
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  • The Denial of the Idea of Personal Identity as a Result of Hume’s Skepticism.Nurten Öztanrikulu Özel - 2019 - Beytulhikme An International Journal of Philosophy 8 (2):505-519.
    The problem of personal problem in philosophy is mostly handled as an identity or a “self” problem. When handled with the identity problem, personal identity means the identification of a person in a certain time point with a person at another time point. When handled together with the “self” problem; however, personal identity is considered a part of a substantive and metaphysical investigation. Hume’s philosophy includes both aspects of the discussions of personal identity in an opposing manner. In the present (...)
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  • Loparic, Almeida E chagas: Sobre O factum da razão.Luiz Antonio Pereira - 2018 - Kriterion: Journal of Philosophy 59 (141):827-847.
    RESUMO Na "Kritik der praktischen Vernunft", os conceitos do factum da razão e do sentimento de respeito pela lei moral geram grandes divergências interpretativas. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as interpretações de Zeljko Loparic, Guido Antônio de Almeida e Flávia Carvalho Chagas. ABSTRACT In "Kritik der praktischen Vernunft", the concepts of factum of reason and of feeling of respect for the moral law generate great interpretative divergences. This paper aims to present the interpretations of Zeljko Loparic, Guido Antônio (...)
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  • Subjetividad, Intersubjetividad y Corporalidad en la teoría humeana de las pasiones indirectas.Leandro Guerrero - 2017 - Tópicos: Revista de Filosofía 54:61-83.
    El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la teoría humeana de las pasiones indirectas. Pretende señalar el vínculo entre un campo intersubjetivo que oficia de marco para el desarrollo afectivo del sujeto y el carácter irreductiblemente encarnado del mismo. Para ello: a. se reconstruye esquemáticamente la clasificación humeana de las pasiones; b. se discute la idea de que las pasiones indirectas son impresiones simples y se sostiene que esto no impide a Hume poder pensar las condiciones circundantes como causalmente necesarias (...)
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  • Mulla Sadra and Hume on Comparative Analyzing of Causality.قدرت الله قربانی - 2018 - Journal of Philosophical Investigations at University of Tabriz 12 (24):241-257.
    One of the most important causes for comparative studying on philosophical systems is to find their commonalities for responding common questions and to emphasize on their differences for taking functional answers encountering modern philosophical challenges and problems. Here, causality is chosen as the case study. Causality is of the basic philosophical issues that have been continually considered by both Islamic and Western philosophical traditions, but the answers which have been rendered by modern western philosophers with empirical approach and Muslim philosophers, (...)
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  • Naturalizing Self-Consciousness.رابرتو هوراسیو دِ سَ پِرِیرا - 2018 - Journal of Philosophical Investigations at University of Tabriz 12 (24):145-170.
    The crucial problem of self-consciousness is how to account for knowing self-reference without launching into a regress or without presupposing self-consciousness rather than accounting for it (circle). In the literature we find two bottom-up proposals for solving the traditional problem: the postulation of nonconceptual forms of self-consciousness and the postulation of a pre-reflexive form of self-consciousness. However, none of them seems satisfactory for several reasons. In contrast, I believe that the only way of solving this traditional puzzle is to assume (...)
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  • Must We Protect Foreign Investors?Johannes Kniess - 2018 - Moral Philosophy and Politics 5 (2):205-225.
    Investment protection clauses, and the investor-state dispute settlement mechanisms they enable, have become a common feature of international agreements on trade and investment. Intended to promote foreign investment, these protections may also discourage governments from regulating in the public interest. This raises challenging normative questions about the rights of investors and distributive justice. In this paper, I argue that a global investment regime that disadvantages developing countries and socially disadvantaged groups is prima facie unfair. This conclusion must be defended against (...)
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  • Epistemic and Psychological Benefits of Depression.Magdalena Anna Antrobus - 2018 - Dissertation, University of Birmingham
    In this thesis I propose a new way of understanding depressive illness as not exclusively harmful, but as related to particular, empirically evidenced, epistemic and pragmatic benefits for the subject, alongside the associated costs. For each of the benefits considered, I provide and concisely analyse the empirical evidence both in its favour and against it, suggest ways in which these benefits could apply in the circumstances presented, discuss some outstanding problems for that application as stated, and describe potential implications. The (...)
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  • Cross-Cultural Differences in Informal Argumentation: Norms, Inductive Biases and Evidentiality.Hatice Karaslaan, Annette Hohenberger, Hilmi Demir, Simon Hall & Mike Oaksford - 2018 - Journal of Cognition and Culture 18 (3-4):358-389.
    Cross-cultural differences in argumentation may be explained by the use of different norms of reasoning. However, some norms derive from, presumably universal, mathematical laws. This inconsistency can be resolved, by considering that some norms of argumentation, like Bayes theorem, are mathematical functions. Systematic variation in the inputs may produce culture-dependent inductive biases although the function remains invariant. This hypothesis was tested by fitting a Bayesian model to data on informal argumentation from Turkish and English cultures, which linguistically mark evidence quality (...)
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  • Fact, Value and Philosophy Education.Philip Cam - 2014 - Journal of Philosophy in Schools 1 (1):58-67.
    In Fact, value and philosophy education I tried to show how philosophy can help to overcome the fact-value divide that continues to plague education. In attempting this, I applied John Dewey’s suggestion that philosophy may help to integrate beliefs about matters of fact with values in society at large, to the curricular division between subjects that deal with knowledge of matters of fact and those that are largely devoted to subjective understanding and personal expression. The paper centres on the claim (...)
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  • Thought Experiments, Epistemology & our Cognitive Capacities.Kenneth R. Westphal - 2018 - In Michael T. Stuart, Yiftach Fehige & James Robert Brown (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Thought Experiments. London: Routledge.
    Does epistemology collapse for lack of resources other than logic, conceptual analysis and descriptions of one’s own apparent experiences, thoughts and beliefs? No, but understanding how and why not requires, Kant noted, a ‘changed method of thinking’. Some of these methodological changes are summarised in §2 in order to identify a philosophical role for thought experiments to help identify logically contingent, though cognitively fundamental capacities and circumstances necessary to human thought, experience and knowledge. As Kant also noted, experiments are only (...)
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  • Intellectual Asceticism and Hatred of the Human, the Animal, and the Material.Pär Segerdahl - 2018 - Nordic Wittgenstein Review 7 (1):43-58.
    Friedrich Nietzsche associated philosophical asceticism with “hatred of the human, and even more of the animal, and more still of the material”: with aversion to life. Given the prevalent view that philosophy is anthropocentric and idealizes the human, Nietzsche’s remark about philosophical hatred of the human is unexpected. In this paper, I investigate what Nietzsche’s remark implies for philosophical claims of human uniqueness. What is the meaning of the opposition between human and animal, if the opposition somehow expresses hatred also (...)
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  • تقریرهای مختلف از برهان محقق اصفهانی در اثبات وجود خداوند.محمد محمدرضایی & مهدی خیاط زاده - 2018 - دانشگاه امام صادق 15 (2):167-183.
    شیخ محمدحسین غروی اصفهانی بر وجود خداوند استدلالی را اقامه کرده است که در در زمرۀ براهین وجودی و صدیقین به شمار می‌رود. این برهان، در میان اندیشمندان معاصر، طرفداران و منتقدان جدی داشته و در مجموع پنج تقریر برای آن بیان گردیده است. در مقالۀ پیش رو، تقریرهای پنجگانه‌ای که برای برهان ایشان بیان گردیده است، در سه محور کلی مورد بررسی واقع شده‌ است: محور اول، مفهوم واجب‌الوجود از این جهت که مفهومی ذهنی است؛ محور دوم، مفهوم واجب‌الوجود (...)
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  • Una moral de la opacidad: Hume y la virtud del ocultamiento.Juan Samuel Santos Castro - 2018 - Isegoría 58:55-76.
    Are there any conditions under which to justify deliberately hiding or manipulating the expression of our opinions, emotions or character traits in front of others? this article examines David Hume’s answer to this question by discussing the practices that he calls good manners and impudence. the conclusion is that Hume’s description of the moral point of view allows for two conditions under which practices of opacity such as good manners and impudence can be morally assessed.
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  • Was ist Aufklärung? Beobachtungen zur Kantischen Antwort.Reinhard Brandt - 2018 - Kant Studien 109 (1):147-169.
    Name der Zeitschrift: Kant-Studien Jahrgang: 109 Heft: 1 Seiten: 147-169.
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  • An Account of Practical Decisions.Patrick Fleming - 2018 - Grazer Philosophische Studien 95 (1):121-139.
    _ Source: _Page Count 19 This paper offers an account of practical decisions. The author argues that decisions do not need to be conscious, nor do they need to be settled by deliberation. Agents can be mistaken about what they decided and agents can decide by doing some intentional action besides deliberating. The author argues that the functional role of a decision is to put an end to practical uncertainty. A mental event is a decision to the extent that it (...)
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  • Commentary: Primary Emotional Systems and Personality: An Evolutionary Perspective.Valentina Questa - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  • Maimon's Post-Kantian Skepticism.Emily Fitton - 2017 - Dissertation, University of Essex
    There is little doubt that Salomon Maimon was both highly respected by, and highly influential upon, his contemporaries; indeed, Kant himself referred to Maimon as the best of his critics. The appraisal and reformulation of the Kantian project detailed in Maimon’s Essay on Transcendental Philosophy played a significant role in determining the criteria of success for post-Kantian philosophy, and was thus crucial to the early development of German Idealism. Key aspects of Maimon’s transcendental philosophy remain, however, relatively obscure. In particular, (...)
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  • Bild, Bildung and the ‘romance of the soul’: Reflections upon the image of Meister Eckhart.Douglas Hedley - 2018 - Educational Philosophy and Theory 50 (6-7):614-620.
    In this article, the Bild or image of the sculptor used by Plotinus and adapted by his Christian follower Meister Eckhart forms the basis of a reflection on the religious or otherworldly dimension in ethics and on the relationship of esthetics, morality, and religion. The image of the sculptor who chips away at his sculpture exemplifies the relationship of the individual to its divine archetype. Such knowledge involves transformation of the knower, a turning back of the image to the archetype, (...)
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  • Laruelle's 'criminally performative' thought : on doing and saying in non-philosophy.O. Maoilearca John - unknown
    This essay argues that Laruelle’s ‘non-philosophical’ practice is connected to its performative language, such that to the question 'what is it to think?, non-philosophy responds that thinking is not “thought”, but performing, and that to perform is to clone the world. Non-philosophy is equally described by Laruelle as ‘transcendental practice’, an ‘immanent pragmatics’, or a ‘universal pragmatics’ that is ‘valid for ordinary language as well as for philosophy’. It is notable, however, that Laruelle objects to the focus on activity within (...)
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  • Imagine-Self Perspective-Taking and Rational Self-Interested Behavior in a Simple Experimental Normal-Form Game.Karbowski Adam & Ramsza Michał - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  • The Reasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences.Nicolas Fillion - unknown
    One of the most unsettling problems in the history of philosophy examines how mathematics can be used to adequately represent the world. An influential thesis, stated by Eugene Wigner in his paper entitled "The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences," claims that "the miracle of the appropriateness of the language of mathematics for the formulation of the laws of physics is a wonderful gift which we neither understand nor deserve." Contrary to this view, this thesis delineates and implements (...)
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  • X *—Does Hume’s Argument Against Induction Rest on a Quantifier-Shift Fallacy?Samir Okasha - 2005 - Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 105 (1):237-255.
    It is widely agreed that Hume’s description of human inductive reasoning is inadequate. But many philosophers think that this inadequacy in no way affects the force of Hume’s argument for the unjustifiability of inductive reasoning. I argue that this constellation of opinions contains a serious tension, given that Hume was not merely pointing out that induction is fallible. I then explore a recent diagnosis of where Hume’s sceptical argument goes wrong, due to Elliott Sober. Sober argues that Hume committed a (...)
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  • It’s for your own good: natural law and the good life.Playford Richard Charles - 2017 - Dissertation, University of Reading
    The goal of this thesis is to create a distinctively Aristotelian-Thomistic ethical schema. I shall do this in four stages. First, in chapter one, I am going to present a summary of Aristotelian metaphysics. I will present a slightly Thomistic take on Aristotelian metaphysics specifically when it comes to the distinction between accidental and substantial form. However, I will present a more classically Aristotelian account when it comes to the source of teleology. Along the way I will explore whether science (...)
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  • La importancia del procesamiento de la causalidad en la comprensión del discurso oral espontáneo.Ciencia Cognitiva - forthcoming - Ciencia Cognitiva.
    Jazmín Cevasco y Paul van den Broek Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas … Read More →.
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  • Uneasiness and Scarcity: An Analytic Approach Towards Ludwig von Mises’s Praxeology.Michael Oliva Córdoba - 2017 - Axiomathes 27 (5):521-529.
    Adam Smith said that ‘the propensity to truck, barter and exchange one thing for another is common to all men, and to be found in no other race of animals.’ Smith addressed the mark of the man economical, and there is no denying that this is the peculiar way he acts: clearly, to truck, barter and exchange is to act in a certain way. Austrian economics adopts this way of looking at the realm of economics. It prides itself as a (...)
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  • Two new kinds of stoicism.James Wallace Gray - unknown
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  • If phrónêsis does not develop and define virtue as its own deliberative goal — what does?Olav Eikeland - 2016 - Labyrinth: An International Journal for Philosophy, Value Theory and Sociocultural Hermeneutics 18 (2):27-49.
    The article discusses relationships and contexts for "reason", "knowledge", and virtue in Aristotle, based on and elaborating some results from Eikeland. It positions Eikeland in relation to Moss but with a side view to Cammick, Kristjansson, and Taylor. These all seem to disagree among themselves but still agree partly in different ways with Eikeland. The text focuses on two questions: 1) the role or tasks of "reason", "knowledge", and "virtue" respectively in setting the end or goal for ethical deliberation, and (...)
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  • Which Moral Requiriments Does Constituvism Support?Ryan W. Davis - unknown
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  • Frankfurt’s Unwilling and Willing Addicts.Chandra Sripada - 2017 - Mind 126 (503):781-815.
    Harry Frankfurt’s Unwilling Addict and Willing Addict cases accomplish something fairly unique: they pull apart the predictions of control-based views of moral responsibility and competing self-expression views. The addicts both lack control over their actions but differ in terms of expression of their respective selves. Frankfurt’s own view is that—in line with the predictions of self-expression views—the unwilling addict is not morally responsible for his drug-directed actions while the willing addict is. But is Frankfurt right? In this essay, I put (...)
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  • The Objectives of Science1.David Miller - 2007 - Philosophia Scientiae 11 (1):21-43.
    Contestant l’opinion commune selon laquelle le problème de la démarcation, contrairement au problème de l’induction, est relativement anecdotique, l’article soutient que le critère poppérien de falsifiabilité donne une réponse irrésistible à la question de savoir ce qui peut être appris d’une investigation empirique. Tout découle du rejet de la logique inductive, joint à la reconnaissance du fait que, avant d’être investiguée, une hypothèse doit être formulée et acceptée. Les hypothèses scientifiques n’émergent ni a posteriori comme les inductivistes le soutiennent, ni (...)
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  • On the Rationality of Decisions with Unreliable Probabilities.Birman Fernando - 2009 - Disputatio 3 (26):97-116.
    The standard Bayesian recipe for selecting the rational choice is presented. A familiar example in which the recipe fails to produce any definite result is introduced. It is argued that a generalization of Gärdenfors’ and Sahlin’s theory of unreliable probabilities — which itself does not guarantee a solution to the problem — offers the best available approach. But a number of challenges to this approach are also presented and discussed.
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  • The Ego is not Master in its Own House: A Systematic Revisitation of Sigmund Freud’s Theory of Subjectivity.Alexis Emanuel Gros - 2017 - Eidos: Revista de Filosofía de la Universidad Del Norte 26:74-104.
    Resumen En este artículo me propongo revisitar de manera sucinta y sistemática los li-neamientos centrales de la teoría de la subjetividad de Sigmund Freud, persiguiendo el objetivo de mostrar la vigencia filosófica y teórico-social de la misma. Para ello, procedo en tres pasos: en primer lugar expongo el modo en que el autor construye su concepción del "sujeto del Inconsciente" a través de un enfrentamiento con la noción de "sujeto cartesiano". Luego, examino la tensión entre natura y nurtura que puede (...)
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  • The Is - Ought Problem in Practical Ethics.Georg Spielthenner - 2017 - HEC Forum 29 (4):277-292.
    This article is concerned with the role empirical research can play in normative practical ethics. There is no doubt that ethical research requires some kind of collaboration between normative disciplines and empirical sciences. But many researchers hold that empirical science is only assigned a subordinate role, due to the doctrine that normative conclusions cannot be justified by descriptive premises. Scientists working in the field of ethics commonly hold, however, that the empirical sciences should play a much bigger role in ethical (...)
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  • Commentary on Santibanez’s “Strategically wrong: bias and argumentation”.Brian MacPherson - unknown
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  • The relationship between empathy and sympathy in good health care.Fredrik Svenaeus - 2015 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 18 (2):267-277.
    Whereas empathy is most often looked upon as a virtue and essential skill in contemporary health care, the relationship to sympathy is more complicated. Empathic approaches that lead to emotional arousal on the part of the health care professional and strong feelings for the individual patient run the risk of becoming unprofessional in nature and having the effect of so-called compassion fatigue or burnout. In this paper I want to show that approaches to empathy in health care that attempt to (...)
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  • Ethics and Law: Reassessment on the Legal Positivism.Mehmet Tevfik Ozcan - 2014 - Philosophy Study 4 (2).
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  • Simpatia e sociabilidade no pensamento de Hume.Fernão de Oliveira Salles - 2010 - Dois Pontos 7 (2).
    O objetivo deste texto é, primeiramente, expor os contornos gerais as críticas deDavid Hume ao que o filósofo escocês chamou epicurismo moderno. Trata-se das filosofiasde Hobbes e de seus supostos epígonos, que, aos olhos de Hume, elegeram o amor própriocomo origem fundamental de nossas ações e juízos. Num segundo momento, trata-se dedelinear o lugar central do conceito de simpatia nesta crítica, bem como na constituiçãoda moral humeana.
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  • Toddlers infer unobserved causes for spontaneous events.Paul Muentener & Laura Schulz - 2014 - Frontiers in Psychology 5:108222.
    Previous research suggests that children infer the presence of unobserved causes when objects appear to move spontaneously. Are such inferences limited to motion events or do children assume that unexplained physical events have causes more generally? Here we introduce an apparently spontaneous event and ask whether, even in the absence of spatiotemporal and co-variation cues linking the events, toddlers treat a plausible variable as a cause of the event. Toddlers (24 months) saw a toy that appeared to light up either (...)
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  • A sabedoria humana de Pierre Charron: a ciência e o exercício cético do espírito forte.Estéfano Luís de Sá Winter - 2013 - Filosofia Do Renascimento E Moderna (Encontro Nacional Anpof).
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  • Sobre conocimiento y significado en el Essay de John Locke.Giannina Burlando - 2013 - Veritas: Revista de Filosofía y Teología 29:119-137.
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  • A obrigação da promessa em Hume.André Klaudat - 2011 - Kriterion: Journal of Philosophy 52 (124):429-445.
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  • Hume sobre a volição e a faculdade da vontade/Hume on volition and the faculty of the will.Franco Nero Antunes Soares - 2013 - Natureza Humana 15 (1).
    Meu objetivo neste artigo é defender que podem ser atribuídos sentidos distintos para os termos “vontade” e “volição” na filosofia de Hume. Ao contrário das interpretações tradicionais, sustento que Hume não identifica vontade e volição. Inicialmente, apresento argumentos de Hobbes e Locke contra a concepção escolástica sobre a produção de ações voluntárias e defendo que Hume associa-se a esses dois filósofos. A seguir, apresento os argumentos da interpretação tradicional que identifica vontade e volição na filosofia humeana e também algumas objeções (...)
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  • Wittgensteinian Pragmatism in Humean Concepts.David Hommen - 2016 - Philosophia 44 (1):117-135.
    David Hume’s and later Ludwig Wittgenstein’s views on concepts are generally presented as standing in stark opposition to each other. In a nutshell, Hume’s theory of concepts is taken to be subjectivistic and atomistic, while Wittgenstein is metonymic with a broadly pragmatistic and holistic doctrine that gained much attention during the second half of the 20th century. In this essay, I shall argue, however, that Hume’s theory of concepts is indeed much more akin to the views of Wittgenstein and his (...)
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  • How action structures time: About the perceived temporal order of action and predicted outcomes.Andrea Desantis, Florian Waszak, Karolina Moutsopoulou & Patrick Haggard - 2016 - Cognition 146 (C):100-109.
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  • Natural selection and operative conditioning: a critique of Fodor and Piatelli-Palmarini's analogy.Julio Torres Meléndez - 2015 - Scientiae Studia 13 (3):599-614.
    RESUMENMe propongo examinar críticamente la analogía entre selección natural y condicionamiento operante que Fodor y Piattelli-Palmarini utilizan para sostener que los mismos argumentos que desacreditan la teoría conductista desacreditan la teoría de la selección natural. Estas teorías no son independientes ni conceptual ni históricamente y, por eso, no es razonable hacer una analogía entre ambas con las intenciones que se proponen Fodor y Piattelli-Palmarini. La selección natural es una condición causal del me­ca­nismo de condicionamiento operante, motivo por el cual la (...)
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  • Disentangling the holism of intentional systems from the interactionism of mechanistic systems in person-oriented research.Artur Nilsson - unknown
    A key assumption in the person-oriented approach is that a person must be understood as a complex, integrated system, represented by patterns of within-person variation rather than scores on separate variables. The term ‘system’ does, however, have multiple meanings, which are not clearly distinguished in the person-oriented literature. I try to disentangle causal interactionism, which describes the psychological consequences and functions of each component of the system as dependent upon its causal interaction with other system components, from content holism, which (...)
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