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  1. Intuitive And Reflective Responses In Philosophy.Nick Byrd - 2014 - Dissertation, University of Colorado
    Cognitive scientists have revealed systematic errors in human reasoning. There is disagreement about what these errors indicate about human rationality, but one upshot seems clear: human reasoning does not seem to fit traditional views of human rationality. This concern about rationality has made its way through various fields and has recently caught the attention of philosophers. The concern is that if philosophers are prone to systematic errors in reasoning, then the integrity of philosophy would be threatened. In this paper, I (...)
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  • Is There Neurosexism in Functional Neuroimaging Investigations of Sex Differences?Cordelia Fine - 2012 - Neuroethics 6 (2):369-409.
    The neuroscientific investigation of sex differences has an unsavoury past, in which scientific claims reinforced and legitimated gender roles in ways that were not scientifically justified. Feminist critics have recently argued that the current use of functional neuroimaging technology in sex differences research largely follows that tradition. These charges of ‘neurosexism’ have been countered with arguments that the research being done is informative and valuable and that an over-emphasis on the perils, rather than the promise, of such research threatens to (...)
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  • Against alief.Eric Mandelbaum - 2013 - Philosophical Studies 165 (1):197-211.
    This essay attempts to clarify the nature and structure of aliefs. First I distinguish between a robust notion of aliefs and a deflated one. A robust notion of aliefs would introduce aliefs into our psychological ontology as a hitherto undiscovered kind, whereas a deflated notion of aliefs would identify aliefs as a set of pre-existing psychological states. I then propose the following dilemma: one the one hand, if aliefs have propositional content, then it is unclear exactly how aliefs differ from (...)
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  • (1 other version)Hardwired for Sexism? Approaches to Sex/Gender in Neuroscience.Rebecca Jordan-Young & Raffaella I. Rumiati - 2011 - Neuroethics 5 (3):305-315.
    Evidence has long suggested that ‘hardwiring’ is a poor metaphor for brain development. But the metaphor may be an apt one for the dominant paradigm for researching sex differences, which pushes most neuroscience studies of sex/gender inexorably towards the ‘discovery’ of sex/gender differences, and makes contemporary gender structures appear natural and inevitable. The argument we forward in this paper is twofold. In the first part of the paper, we address the dominant ‘hardwiring’ paradigm of sex/gender research in contemporary neuroscience, which (...)
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  • The Sexed Brain: Between Science and Ideology.Catherine Vidal - 2011 - Neuroethics 5 (3):295-303.
    Despite tremendous advances in neuroscience, the topic “brain, sex and gender” remains a matter of misleading interpretations, that go well beyond the bounds of science. In the 19th century, the difference in brain sizes was a major argument to explain the hierarchy between men and women, and was supposed to reflect innate differences in mental capacity. Nowadays, our understanding of the human brain has progressed dramatically with the demonstration of cerebral plasticity. The new brain imaging techniques have revealed the role (...)
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  • A Virtue-Based Framework to Support Putting AI Ethics into Practice.Thilo Hagendorff - 2022 - Philosophy and Technology 35 (3):1-24.
    Many ethics initiatives have stipulated sets of principles and standards for good technology development in the AI sector. However, several AI ethics researchers have pointed out a lack of practical realization of these principles. Following that, AI ethics underwent a practical turn, but without deviating from the principled approach. This paper proposes a complementary to the principled approach that is based on virtue ethics. It defines four “basic AI virtues”, namely justice, honesty, responsibility and care, all of which represent specific (...)
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  • How Classmates’ Gender Stereotypes Affect Students’ Math Self-Concepts: A Multilevel Analysis.Fabian Wolff - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    The present research is the first to examine how students’ individual and their classmates’ math-related gender stereotypes, endorsing that math would be a typically male domain, relate to students’ math self-concepts. To this end, data of N = 1,424 secondary school students from Germany were analyzed using multilevel analyses. As expected, strong individual beliefs in the math-related gender stereotype were related to lower math self-concepts for girls, but to higher math self-concepts for boys. Moreover, classmates’ shared beliefs in this stereotype (...)
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  • Embodiment and cognitive neuroscience: the forgotten tales.Vicente Raja - 2022 - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 21 (3):603-623.
    In this paper, I suggest that some tales (or narratives) developed in the literature of embodied and radical embodied cognitive science can contribute to the solution of two longstanding issues in the cognitive neuroscience of perception and action. The two issues are (i) the fundamental problem of perception, or how to bridge the gap between sensations and the environment, and (ii) the fundamental problem of motor control, or how to better characterize the relationship between brain activity and behavior. In both (...)
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  • Brain imaging technologies as source for Extrospection: self-formation through critical self-identification.Ciano Aydin & Bas de Boer - 2020 - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 19 (4):729-745.
    Brain imaging technologies are increasingly used to find networks and brain regions that are specific to the functional realization of particular aspects of the self. In this paper, we aim to show how neuroscientific research and techniques could be used in the context of self-formation without treating them as representations of an inner realm. To do so, we show first how a Cartesian framework underlies the interpretation and usage of brain imaging technologies as functional evidence. To illustrate how material-technological inventions (...)
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  • Zoomorphism.Bence Nanay - 2018 - Erkenntnis 86 (1):171-186.
    Anthropomorphism is the methodology of attributing human-like mental states to animals. Zoomorphism is the converse of this: it is the attribution of animal-like mental states to humans. Zoomorphism proceeds by first understanding what kind of mental states animals have and then attributing these mental states to humans. Zoomorphism has been widely used as scientific methodology especially in cognitive neuroscience. But it has not been taken seriously as a philosophical explanatory paradigm: as a way of explaining the building blocks of the (...)
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  • A 4-Year Longitudinal Study of the Sex-Creativity Relationship in Childhood, Adolescence, and Emerging Adulthood: Findings of Mean and Variability Analyses.Wu-Jing He - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  • (1 other version)Women and ‘the philosophical personality’: evaluating whether gender differences in the Cognitive Reflection Test have significance for explaining the gender gap in Philosophy.Christina Easton - 2018 - Synthese 198 (1):139-167.
    The Cognitive Reflection Test is purported to test our inclination to overcome impulsive, intuitive thought with effortful, rational reflection. Research suggests that philosophers tend to perform better on this test than non-philosophers, and that men tend to perform better than women. Taken together, these findings could be interpreted as partially explaining the gender gap that exists in Philosophy: there are fewer women in Philosophy because women are less likely to possess the ideal ‘philosophical personality’. If this explanation for the gender (...)
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  • Uncertainty in Hiring Does Not Justify Affirmative Action.Thomas Mulligan - 2017 - Philosophia 45 (3):1299-1311.
    Luc Bovens has recently advanced a novel argument for affirmative action, grounded in the plausible idea that it is hard for an employer to evaluate the qualifications of candidates from underrepresented groups. Bovens claims that this provides a profit-maximizing employer with reason to shortlist prima facie less-qualified candidates from underrepresented groups. In this paper, I illuminate three flaws in Bovens’s argument. First, it suffers from model error: A rational employer does not incur costs to scrutinize candidates when it knows their (...)
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  • Justice and the Meritocratic State.Thomas Mulligan - 2017 - New York: Routledge.
    Like American politics, the academic debate over justice is polarized, with almost all theories of justice falling within one of two traditions: egalitarianism and libertarianism. This book provides an alternative to the partisan standoff by focusing not on equality or liberty, but on the idea that we should give people the things that they deserve. Mulligan argues that a just society is a meritocracy, in which equal opportunity prevails and social goods are distributed strictly on the basis of merit. That (...)
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  • Spatial Ability Explains the Male Advantage in Approximate Arithmetic.Wei Wei, Chuansheng Chen & Xinlin Zhou - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  • Attentional bias in math anxiety.Orly Rubinsten, Hili Eidlin, Hadas Wohl & Orly Akibli - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
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  • Gender stereotype endorsement differentially predicts girls' and boys' trait-state discrepancy in math anxiety.Madeleine Bieg, Thomas Goetz, Ilka Wolter & Nathan C. Hall - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
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  • Rethinking the Neural Basis of Prosody and Non-literal Language: Spared Pragmatics and Cognitive Compensation in a Bilingual With Extensive Right-Hemisphere Damage.Noelia Calvo, Sofía Abrevaya, Macarena Martínez Cuitiño, Brenda Steeb, Dolores Zamora, Lucas Sedeño, Agustín Ibáñez & Adolfo M. García - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  • Math Self-Efficacy and STEM Intentions: A Person-Centered Approach.Li Lin, Taehun Lee & Lori Anderson Snyder - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  • Clock Walking and Gender: How Circular Movements Influence Arithmetic Calculations.Luisa Lugli, Stefania D’Ascenzo, Anna M. Borghi & Roberto Nicoletti - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  • Mathematically Gifted Accelerated Students Participating in an Ability Group: A Qualitative Interview Study.Jørgen Smedsrud - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  • Math achievement is important, but task values are critical, too: examining the intellectual and motivational factors leading to gender disparities in STEM careers.Ming-Te Wang, Jessica Degol & Feifei Ye - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
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  • Gender, culture, and mathematics performance.Janet S. Hyde & Janet E. Mertz - 2009 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 (22):8801-8807.
    Using contemporary data from the U.S. and other nations, we address 3 questions: Do gender differences in mathematics performance exist in the general population? Do gender differences exist among the mathematically talented? Do females exist who possess profound mathematical talent? In regard to the first question, contemporary data indicate that girls in the U.S. have reached parity with boys in mathematics performance, a pattern that is found in some other nations as well. Focusing on the second question, studies find more (...)
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  • The Effects of Priming on Business Ethical Perceptions: A Comparison Between Two Cultures.John Tsalikis - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 131 (3):567-575.
    The present study examines the effect of priming on business ethical decision making. Priming is based on the idea that our perceptions, actions, and emotions are distorted by unconscious cues from our environment. Subjects were primed for either “politeness” or “rudeness” using a sentence completion task. Following the priming, the subjects were asked to react to a series of ethical scenarios. The results showed that subjects primed for “rudeness” perceived the scenarios as less unethical than subjects primed for “politeness”. Similar (...)
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  • What Are the Effects of Self-Regulation Phases and Strategies for Chinese Students? A Meta-Analysis of Two Decades Research of the Association Between Self-Regulation and Academic Performance.Junyi Li, Hui Ye, Yun Tang, Zongkui Zhou & Xiangen Hu - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  • What explains sex differences in math anxiety? A closer look at the role of spatial processing.H. Moriah Sokolowski, Zachary Hawes & Ian M. Lyons - 2019 - Cognition 182 (C):193-212.
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  • When Grades Are High but Self-Efficacy Is Low: Unpacking the Confidence Gap Between Girls and Boys in Mathematics.Lysann Zander, Elisabeth Höhne, Sophie Harms, Maximilian Pfost & Matthew J. Hornsey - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11:552355.
    Girls have much lower mathematics self-efficacy than boys, a likely contributor to the underrepresentation of women in STEM. To help explain this gender confidence gap, we examined predictors of mathematics self-efficacy in a sample of 1,007 9th graders aged 13–18 years (54.2% girls). Participants completed a standardized math test, after which they rated three indices of mastery: an affective component (state self-esteem), a meta-cognitive component (self-enhancement), and their prior math grade. Despite having similar grades, girls reported lower mathematics self-efficacy and (...)
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  • Gender Differences Regarding the Impact of Math Anxiety on Arithmetic Performance in Second and Fourth Graders.Hanneke I. Van Mier, Tamara M. J. Schleepen & Fabian C. G. Van den Berg - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  • Math Anxiety: The Relationship Between Parenting Style and Math Self-Efficacy.Moran S. Macmull & Sarit Ashkenazi - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  • The Effect of Metacognitive Knowledge on Mathematics Performance in Self-Regulated Learning Framework—Multiple Mediation of Self-Efficacy and Motivation.Yi Tian, Yu Fang & Jian Li - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  • What we should really worry about in pediatric functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri).Caitlin M. Connors & Ilina Singh - 2009 - American Journal of Bioethics 9 (1):16 – 18.
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  • Parent-child math anxiety and math-gender stereotypes predict adolescents' math education outcomes.Bettina J. Casad, Patricia Hale & Faye L. Wachs - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
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  • Exploring Bias in Math Teachers’ Perceptions of Students’ Ability by Gender and Race/ethnicity.Melissa Humphries & Catherine Riegle-Crumb - 2012 - Gender and Society 26 (2):290-322.
    This study explores whether gender stereotypes about math ability shape high school teachers’ assessments of the students with whom they interact daily, resulting in the presence of conditional bias. It builds on theories of intersectionality by exploring teachers’ perceptions of students in different gender and racial/ethnic subgroups and advances the literature on the salience of gender across contexts by considering variation across levels of math course-taking in the academic hierarchy. Analyses of nationally representative data from the Education Longitudinal Study of (...)
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  • “Girls Are as Good as Boys at Math” Implies That Boys Are Probably Better: A Study of Expressions of Gender Equality.Eleanor K. Chestnut & Ellen M. Markman - 2018 - Cognitive Science 42 (7):2229-2249.
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  • Neurofeminism and feminist neurosciences: a critical review of contemporary brain research.Sigrid Schmitz & Grit Hã¶Ppner - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
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  • Underrepresentation in the real world.Daryl E. Chubin - 2009 - Science and Engineering Ethics 15 (1):7-10.
    D. E. Chubin is a former academic and federal policy analyst who now assists universities in advancing programs in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education and careers.
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  • The Clock Is Ticking.Justin H. Moss & Jon K. Maner - 2014 - Human Nature 25 (3):328-341.
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  • Gender Differences in the Distribution of Creativity Scores: Domain-Specific Patterns in Divergent Thinking and Creative Problem Solving.Wu-Jing He & Wan-chi Wong - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    The present study examined gender differences in the distribution of creative abilities through the lens of the greater male variability hypothesis, which postulated that men showed greater interindividual variability than women in both physical and psychological attributes. Two hundred and six undergraduate students in Hong Kong completed two creativity measures that evaluated different aspects of creativity, including: a divergent thinking test that aimed to assess idea generation and a creative problem-solving test that aimed to assess restructuring ability. The present findings (...)
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  • Considerations for pediatric neuroimaging at the translational coalface.N. J. Thai & J. B. Talcott - 2009 - American Journal of Bioethics 9 (1):18 – 20.
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  • Individuality in the Early Number Skill Components Underlying Basic Arithmetic Skills.Jonna B. Salminen, Tuire K. Koponen & Asko J. Tolvanen - 2018 - Frontiers in Psychology 9.
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  • Care and anger motives in social dilemmas.Patrick Ring, Christoph A. Schütt & Dennis J. Snower - 2023 - Theory and Decision 95 (2):273-308.
    This paper provides evidence for the following novel insights: (1) People’s economic decisions depend on their psychological motives, which are shaped predictably by the social context. (2) In particular, the social context influences people’s other-regarding preferences, their beliefs and their perceptions. (3) The influence of the social context on psychological motives can be measured experimentally by priming two antagonistic motives—care and anger—in one player towards another by means of an observance or a violation of a fairness norm. Using a mediation (...)
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