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  1. Ethical Leadership in Modern Employment Relationships: Lessons from St. Benedict. [REVIEW]Christopher C. A. Chan, Kenneth McBey & Brenda Scott-Ladd - 2011 - Journal of Business Ethics 100 (2):221 - 228.
    Business ethics and leadership play an increasingly important role for contemporary organizations as employers and employees search for new ways to cope with ongoing changes in organizational environments. Research attention to date has focused upon how to improve process and structural configurations, while there has been scant attention devoted to an examination of the ethical and leadership perspective. This article breaks new ground by exploring the applicability of the Rule of St. Benedict (RSB) to modern employment relationships. A significant proportion (...)
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  • Effects of Confucian values and national culture on business ethics in China: an empirical examination.Rafik I. Beekun, Jim Westerman, Ji Guo, Daniel Jones & Jennifer Westerman - forthcoming - Asian Journal of Business Ethics:1-31.
    China’s business sector has been described as facing serious ethical challenges, including corruption and bribery, distributive injustice, environmental pollution, and misspending of public funds. Unethical decision-making in business represents a potentially destabilizing force for government, business, and society. Recent calls for research that is detailed, nuanced, contemporary, and context-specific on the effects of Asian national business systems on ethical business practices, according to Pereira et al. (2017), are particularly relevant for countries including China that possess the entanglement of a “multiplexity”-multiple (...)
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  • Cooperation in Value-Creating Networks: Relational Perspectives on Governing Social and Economic Value Creation in the 21st Century.Josef Wieland (ed.) - 2024 - Springer.
    In this chapter, I systematically distinguish a variety of ways to rela- tionalize economics and focus on a certain approach to relationalizing normative economics in the light of communal values salient in the African philosophical tradi- tion. I start by distinguishing four major ways to relationalize empirical economics, viz., in terms of its ontologies, methods, explanations, and predictions and also three major ways to relationalize normative economics, with regard to means taken towards ends, decision-procedures used to specify ends, and ends (...)
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  • Relationalizing Normative Economics: Some Insights from Africa.Thaddeus Metz - 2024 - In Josef Wieland (ed.), Cooperation in Value-Creating Networks: Relational Perspectives on Governing Social and Economic Value Creation in the 21st Century. Springer. pp. 167-185.
    In this chapter I systematically distinguish a variety of ways to relationalize economics, and focus on a certain approach to relationalizing normative economics in the light of communal values salient in the African philosophical tradition. I start by distinguishing four major ways to relationalize empirical economics, viz., in terms of its ontologies, methods, explanations, and predictions, and also three major ways to relationalize normative economics, in regards to means taken towards ends, decision-procedures used to specify ends, and ends themselves. Then, (...)
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  • The Nature of the Self, Self-regulation and Moral Action: Implications from the Confucian Relational Self and Buddhist Non-self.Irene Chu & Mai Chi Vu - 2022 - Journal of Business Ethics 180 (1):245-262.
    The concept of the self and its relation to moral action is complex and subject to varying interpretations, not only between different academic disciplines but also across time and space. This paper presents empirical evidence from a cross-cultural study on the Buddhist and Confucian notions of self in SMEs in Vietnam and Taiwan. The study employs Hwang’s Mandala Model of the Self, and its extension into Shiah’s non-self-model, to interpret how these two Eastern philosophical representations of the self, the Confucian (...)
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  • Individuals’ Perceptions of the Legitimacy of Emerging Market Multinationals: Ethical Foundations and Construct Validation.Jianhong Zhang, David L. Deephouse, Désirée van Gorp & Haico Ebbers - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 176 (4):801-825.
    Entry of new organizations, including multinational enterprises from emerging markets, raises the ethical question of will they benefit society. The concept of legitimacy answers this question because it is the overall assessment of the appropriateness of organizational ends and means. Moreover, gaining legitimacy enables EMNEs to succeed in new host countries. Past work examined collective level indicators of the legitimacy of MNEs, but recent research recognizes the importance of individuals’ perceptions as the micro-foundation of legitimacy. This study first uses new (...)
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  • Handbook of philosophy of management.Cristina Neesham & Steven Segal (eds.) - 2019
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  • How can corporations adopt Confucianism in business practices? Two representative cases.Shih-Ching Liu - 2020 - Business Ethics 29 (4):796-809.
    Ethics is one of the oldest scholarly topics, whether in Eastern Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism, or Western Deontology, Utilitarianism, and Virtue Theory, among others. Traditional ethics focuses on providing guidelines for behavior at a personal level. However, business ethics focuses more on corporations, with related studies addressing why corporations should practice social responsibility and embed ethics in business practices. Applying ethics to firms requires a variety of considerations in many areas. This is especially the case in Confucianism, which emphasizes self‐cultivation, (...)
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  • Moral disengagement and moral judgment: the roles of moral endorsement, shareholder-value orientation, and intensity of moral issues.Nancy Yi-Feng Chen, Fuan Li, Shan Feng & Sixue Zhang - 2021 - Ethics and Behavior 31 (5):365-380.
    Previous research demonstrates the critical role moral disengagement plays in unethical decision-making. This study investigates the relationships among moral endorsement, shareholder-value orientation, moral disengagement, and moral judgment on issues of different moral intensities. The results of a scenario-based survey conducted in China confirm the negative (positive) impact of moral disengagement (moral intensity) on moral judgment. The findings reveal that both moral endorsement and shareholder-value orientation of decision-makers significantly influence moral judgment and that moral intensity moderates the relationships between moral endorsement (...)
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  • An African Theory of Good Leadership.Thaddeus Metz - 2018 - African Journal of Business Ethics 12 (2):36-53.
    This article draws on the indigenous African intellectual tradition to ground a moral-philosophical theory of leadership that is intended to rival accounts prominent in the East Asian and Western traditions. After providing an interpretation of the characteristically sub-Saharan value of communion, the article advances a philosophical account of a good leader as one who creates, sustains and enriches communal relationships and enables others to do so. The article then applies this account to a variety of topics, including what the final (...)
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  • Deeds Not Words: A Cosmopolitan Perspective on the Influences of Corporate Sustainability and NGO Engagement on the Adoption of Sustainable Products in China.Dirk C. Moosmayer, Yanyan Chen & Susannah M. Davis - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 158 (1):135-154.
    To make a business case for corporate sustainability, firms must be able to sell their sustainable products. The influence that firm engagement with non-governmental organizations may have on consumer adoption of sustainable products has been neglected in previous research. We address this by embedding corporate sustainability in a cosmopolitan framework that connects firms, consumers, and civil society organizations based on the understanding of responsibility for global humanity that underlies both the sustainability and cosmopolitanism concepts. We hypothesize that firms’ sustainability engagement (...)
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  • Daoism in Management.Alicia Hennig - 2017 - Philosophy of Management 16 (2):161-182.
    The paper concentrates on the Chinese philosophical strand of Daoism and analyses in how far this philosophy can contribute to new directions in management theory. Daoism is an ancient Chinese philosophy, which can only be traced back roughly to about 200 or 100 BC when during Han dynasty the writers Laozi and Zhuangzi were identified as “Daoists”. However, during Han dynasty Daoism and prevalent Confucianism intermingled. Generally, it is rather difficult today to clearly discern Daoist thought from other philosophical strands (...)
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  • Integrating Personalism into Virtue-Based Business Ethics: The Personalist and the Common Good Principles.Domènec Melé - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 88 (1):227-244.
    Some virtue ethicists are reluctant to consider principles and standards in business ethics. However, this is problematic. This paper argues that realistic Personalism can be integrated into virtue-based business ethics, giving it a more complete base. More specifically, two principles are proposed: the Personalist Principle (PP) and the Common Good Principle (CGP). The PP includes the Golden Rule and makes explicit the duty of respect, benevolence, and care for people, emphasizing human dignity and the innate rights of every human being. (...)
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  • Does Confucianism Reduce Minority Shareholder Expropriation? Evidence from China.Xingqiang Du - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 132 (4):661-716.
    Using a sample of 12,061 firm-year observations from the Chinese stock market for the period of 2001–2011 and geographic-proximity-based Confucianism variables, this study provides strong evidence that Confucianism is significantly negatively associated with minority shareholder expropriation, implying that Confucianism does mitigate agency conflicts between the controlling shareholder and minority shareholders. This finding suggests that Confucianism has important influence on business ethics, and thus can serve as an important ethical philosophy or social norm to mitigate the controlling shareholder’s unethical expropriation behavior. (...)
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  • C onfucian Stakeholder Theory: An Exploration.Jiyun Wu & Richard E. Wokutch - 2015 - Business and Society Review 120 (1):1-21.
    Originated in the West, stakeholder theory is normatively anchored in Western value systems. Differences in value orientations and ethical systems in this global age call for culturally pertinent stakeholder theory. In this article, we argue that Confucianism forms an additional normative basis for stakeholder theory, appropriate for a Confucian context. We demonstrate it through application of Confucianism in major stakeholder relationships. The Confucian stakeholder theory provides a meaningful addition to the corpus of stakeholder literature.
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  • Gender Issues in Corporate Leadership.Devora Shapiro & Marilea Bramer - 2013 - Handbook of the Philosophical Foundations of Business Ethics:1177-1189.
    Gender greatly impacts access to opportunities, potential, and success in corporate leadership roles. We begin with a general presentation of why such discussion is necessary for basic considerations of justice and fairness in gender equality and how the issues we raise must impact any ethical perspective on gender in the corporate workplace. We continue with a breakdown of the central categories affecting the success of women in corporate leadership roles. The first of these includes gender-influenced behavioral factors, such as the (...)
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  • Junzi virtues: a Confucian foundation for harmony within organizations.Robin Stanley Snell, Crystal Xinru Wu & Hong Weng Lei - 2022 - Asian Journal of Business Ethics 11 (1):183-226.
    The classical literature on Confucianism exhorted leaders to practice five core virtues as the basis for becoming a noble person and for sustaining harmonious communities built on trust and good example. We present a theory about how the senior management in modern corporations, by enacting the five Junzi virtues through virtuous environmental, social, and governance policies and practices, might inspire virtue-based relationships between superiors and subordinates and between employees. We argue that if middle managers and employees observe and experience that (...)
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  • Affective and Normative Motives to Work Overtime in Asian Organizations: Four Cultural Orientations from Confucian Ethics.Jae Hyeung Kang, James G. Matusik & Lizabeth A. Barclay - 2017 - Journal of Business Ethics 140 (1):115-130.
    Asian workplaces are often characterized by cultures that require more overtime than other cultures. Although predictors for overtime work have been rigorously studied, it is still meaningful to investigate specific aspects of Eastern cultural values that stem from Confucian ethics and may influence overtime work among Asian employees. We suggest that four major Confucian orientations are positively associated with employees’ affective and normative motives, which in turn affect working overtime. This article extends management literature on the subjects of cultural ethics (...)
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  • Ethical Leadership Behavior and Employee Justice Perceptions: The Mediating Role of Trust in Organization.Angela J. Xu, Raymond Loi & Hang-yue Ngo - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 134 (3):493-504.
    Using data collected at two phases, this study examines why and how ethical leadership behavior influences employees’ evaluations of organization-focused justice, i.e., procedural justice and distributive justice. By proposing ethical leaders as moral agents of the organization, we build up the linkage between ethical leadership behavior and the above two types of organization-focused justice. We further suggest trust in organization as a key mediating mechanism in the linkage. Our findings indicate that ethical leadership behavior engenders employees’ trust in their employing (...)
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  • Making Choices: Ethical Decisions in a Global Context.Sheila Bonde, Clyde Briant, Paul Firenze, Julianne Hanavan, Amy Huang, Min Li, N. C. Narayanan, D. Parthasarathy & Hongqin Zhao - 2016 - Science and Engineering Ethics 22 (2):343-366.
    The changing milieu of research—increasingly global, interdisciplinary and collaborative—prompts greater emphasis on cultural context and upon partnership with international scholars and diverse community groups. Ethics training, however, tends to ignore the cross-cultural challenges of making ethical choices. This paper confronts those challenges by presenting a new curricular model developed by an international team. It examines ethics across a very broad range of situations, using case studies and employing the perspectives of social science, humanities and the sciences. The course has been (...)
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  • Confucian Virtue Ethics and Ethical Leadership in Modern China.Li Yuan, Robert Chia & Jonathan Gosling - 2022 - Journal of Business Ethics 182 (1):119-133.
    Research on ethical leadership in organizations has been largely based on Western philosophical traditions and has tended to focus on Western corporate experiences. Insights gained from such studies may however not be universally applicable in other cultural contexts. This paper examines the normative grounds for an alternative Confucian virtue-based ethics of leadership in China. As with Western corporations, organizational practices in China are profoundly shaped by their own cultural history and philosophical outlook. The ethical norms guiding both the practice and (...)
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  • From Harmony to Conflict: MacIntyrean Virtue Ethics in a Confucian Tradition.Irene Chu & Geoff Moore - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 165 (2):221-239.
    This paper explores whether MacIntyrean virtue ethics concepts are applicable in non-Western business contexts, specifically in SMEs in Taiwan, a country strongly influenced by the Confucian tradition. It also explores what differences exist between different polities in this respect, and specifically interprets observed differences between the Taiwanese study and previous studies conducted in Europe and Asia. Based on case study research, the findings support the generalizability of the MacIntyrean framework. Drawing on the institutional logics perspective and synthesizing this with MacIntyrean (...)
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  • Confucian ethics, moral foundations, and shareholder value perspectives: An exploratory study.Xingyuan Wang, Fuan Li & Qin Sun - 2018 - Business Ethics: A European Review 27 (3):260-271.
    A survey study was conducted to look into the effect of Confucian ethics and the psychological foundations of morality on business managers' perspectives on corporate social responsibility (CSR). Using responses from 393 Chinese managers, we first conducted confirmatory factor analysis to assess the reliability and validity of the measurement model and then employed hierarchical regression to explore the relationships among Confucian ethics, moral foundations, and managers' shareholder value perspectives. The results indicate that both Confucian ethics and managers' moral foundations had (...)
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  • Moral Cultivation and Confucian Character: Engaging Joel J. Kupperman.Chenyang Li & Peimin Ni (eds.) - 2014 - Albany: State University of New York Press.
    In this volume, leading scholars in Asian and comparative philosophy take the work of Joel J. Kupperman as a point of departure to consider new perspectives on Confucian ethics. Kupperman is one of the few eminent Western philosophers to have integrated Asian philosophical traditions into his thought, developing a character-based ethics synthesizing Western, Chinese, and Indian philosophies. With their focus on Confucian ethics, contributors respond, expand, and engage in critical dialogue with Kupperman’s views. Kupperman joins the conversation with responses and (...)
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  • The Role of Qing and Li 1 in Chinese Entrepreneurial Decision Making: A Confucian Ren-Yi Wisdom Perspective.Yunxia Zhu - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 126 (4):613-630.
    The intellectual debates on wise entrepreneurship behavior such as decision making tend to focus on the relationship between economic rationality and morality, while overlooking the important role affect plays. To fill in this gap, this paper proposes a theoretical framework based on the Confucian concepts of ren and yi and studies their practical manifestation in qing and li 1 for decision making. Drawing from 32 in-depth interviews and 52 vignettes with Chinese SME entrepreneurs, this study has found that qing plays (...)
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  • The Influence of Academic Independent Directors and Confucianism on Carbon Information Disclosure: Evidence from China.Ren He, Mingdian Zhou, Jing Liu & Qing Yang - 2021 - Complexity 2021:1-14.
    As global warming has received widespread attention, the disclosure of firms’ carbon information has been expected by increasing stakeholders. This study extends the previous literature on the determinants of firms’ carbon information disclosure by examining the influence of academic independent directors and Confucianism on the quality of carbon information disclosure. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms in the CSI 300 Index during the period of 2012–2018, our empirical results show that academic independent directors have a significantly positive association with (...)
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  • Some Virtue Ethics Implications from Aristotelian and Confucian Perspectives on Family and Business.Alejo José G. Sison, Ignacio Ferrero & Dulce M. Redín - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 165 (2):241-254.
    Not only individuals and firms, but also families engage in business as a social activity and this is true beyond the case of family businesses. Cultural differences in the way families are construed might influence the way they do business. There are different types of families, and among these are those described by Aristotelian and Confucian traditions, representing the West and the East respectively. The literature on virtue in business has been dominated by a Western—mainly Aristotelian—tradition : 8–24, 2014), neglecting (...)
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  • Religious Approaches on Business Ethics: Current Situation and Future Perspectives.Domènec Melé - 2015 - Ramon Llull Journal of Applied Ethics 6 (6):137-160.
    The Business Ethics Movement began in the mid-1970s. For the first two decades philosophical theories were dominant, but in recent years an increasing presence of religious approaches, in both empirical and conceptual research, can be noted, in spite of some objections to the presence of religions in the business ethics field. Empirical research, generally based on psychological and sociological studies, shows the influence of religious faith on several business issues. Conceptual research includes a variety of business ethics issues studied from (...)
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  • Does Confucianism Reduce Board Gender Diversity? Firm-Level Evidence from China.Xingqiang Du - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 136 (2):399-436.
    This study extends previous literature on the association between Confucianism and corporate decisions by examining Confucianism’s influence on board gender diversity. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms during the period of 2001–2011 and geographic-proximity-based Confucianism variables, I provide strong and consistent evidence to show that Confucianism is significantly negatively associated with board gender diversity, suggesting that the proportion of women directors in the boardroom is significantly lower for firms surrounded by strong Confucianism atmosphere than for firms located in regions (...)
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  • Patterns of Corporate Responsibility Practices for High Financial Performance: Evidence from Three Chinese Societies. [REVIEW]Na Ni, Carolyn Egri, Carlos Lo & Carol Yeh-Yun Lin - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 126 (2):1-15.
    The growing literature on corporate responsibility (CR) has drawn attention to how different CR practices complement each other and interact in the form of configurations. This study investigated CR patterns associated with high financial performance for 466 firms in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. We applied a set-theoretic approach using qualitative comparative analysis to identify similarities and differences across these three societies in configurations of CR practices relating to customer, employee, investor, community, and environmental stakeholder groups. The extent to (...)
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  • National Survey of Client's Perceptions of Chinese Psychotherapist Practices.Jing-Bo Zhao, Jian-Lin Ji, Fang Tang, Qing-Yun Du, Xue-Ling Yang, Zhen-Zhi Yang, Yan-Fei Hou & Xiao-Yuan Zhang - 2012 - Ethics and Behavior 22 (5):362 - 377.
    The present study is a cross-sectional survey that investigates ethical practices among Chinese psychotherapists from the perspective of a large representative sample of Chinese clients (N?=?1,100). In reports from clients, we found that psychotherapists did poorly in providing informed consent and had other ethical difficulties in the therapeutic setting and with dual relationships. We conclude that Chinese culture, especially Confucianism, had significant impact on the attitudes toward the psychotherapists' ethical practices, which complicated ethical dilemmas. It is important for cross-cultural psychotherapists (...)
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  • Junzi living in liberal democracy: What role could Confucianism play in political liberalism?Baldwin Wong - 2021 - Philosophical Forum 52 (1):17-28.
    It has been widely argued that East Asian governments should be permitted to promote Confucian values. Recently, Zhuoyao Li rejected this view and advocates that East Asian govern- ments should be neutral to all cultures and religions, including Confucianism. Nevertheless, Li believes that Confucianism does not loses its significance in a political liberal state because Confucians can still propose laws and policies, so long as their proposals are justified by public reason. In this paper, I argue that Li misunderstands the (...)
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  • An African Theory of Good Leadership (Repr.).Thaddeus Metz - 2020 - International Journal of Ethical Leadership 7:41-56.
    Shortened version of an article first appearing in the African Journal of Business Ethics (2018).
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  • What Would Confucius Do? – Confucian Ethics and Self-Regulation in Management.Peter R. Woods & David A. Lamond - 2011 - Journal of Business Ethics 102 (4):669-683.
    We examined Confucian moral philosophy, primarily the Analects, to determine how Confucian ethics could help managers regulate their own behavior (self-regulation) to maintain an ethical standard of practice. We found that some Confucian virtues relevant to self-regulation are common to Western concepts of management ethics such as benevolence, righteousness, wisdom, and trustworthiness. Some are relatively unique, such as ritual propriety and filial piety. We identify seven Confucian principles and discuss how they apply to achieving ethical self-regulation in management. In addition, (...)
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  • How Do Chinese Firms Deal with Inter-Organizational Conflict?Shenjiang Mo, Simon A. Booth & Zhongming Wang - 2012 - Journal of Business Ethics 108 (1):121-129.
    Based on social exchange and customer relationship marketing theory, this study examines how ethical leadership contributes to inter-organizational conflict management (task conflict (TC) and relationship conflict), and the moderating role of task interdependence in these relationships. Data was collected from 81 suppliers and 45 corresponding managers of a large group company in China. Results show that ethical leadership is negatively associated with the levels of inter-organizational conflict, whether task or relationship. Task interdependence significantly moderates the relationship between ethical leadership and (...)
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  • Business Ethics, Confucianism and the Different Faces of Ritual.Chris Provis - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 165 (2):191-204.
    Confucianism has attracted some attention in business ethics, in particular as a form of virtue ethics. This paper develops ideas about Confucianism in business ethics by extending discussion about Confucian ideas of ritual. Ritual has figured in literature about organisational culture, but Confucian accounts can offer additional ideas about developing ethically desirable organisational cultures. Confucian ritual practice has diverged from doctrine and from the classical emphasis on requirements for concern and respect as parts of ritual. Despite some differences of emphasis (...)
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  • Effects of Two Face Regulatory Foci About Ethical Fashion Consumption in a Confucian Context.Xiaoyong Wei & Bin Shen - forthcoming - Journal of Business Ethics:1-19.
    Previous studies offer conflicting evidence on whether face consciousness, which is a Confucian cultural value, promotes (or inhibits) the ethical aspects of fashion consumption. Building on the theory of regulatory focus and Confucian virtue ethics, we reconcile this discrepancy by conceptualising face consciousness as two distinct face regulatory foci in Confucian culture, namely, gaining mianzi and avoiding losing lian. We argue that in Confucian society, the ethics of fashion consumption are delineated by the Confucian virtues of rén, yì and lǐ. (...)
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  • Can customer loyalty be explained by virtue ethics? The Chinese way.Kenneth K. Kwong, Felix Tang, Vane-ing Tian & Alex L. K. Fung - 2015 - Asian Journal of Business Ethics 4 (1):101-115.
    Virtue ethics is regarded as the key in search of moral excellence among corporations. Yet, there are limited works to empirically investigate what virtuous character morally good corporations is expected to exhibit in the course of business from the perspective of customers. To fill this gap, we argue that customers are to evaluate firm’s virtuous character using Confucian cardinal virtues (ren, yi, and li) and perceived virtuousness determines customer loyalty. We test this argument using a sample of 276 Hong Kong (...)
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  • Using the Dizi Gui to break away from a deteriorated business environment—a case study.Hugo Winckler - 2014 - Asian Journal of Business Ethics 3 (2):111-125.
    The three main Chinese teachings can all be used to develop a framework for corporate governance in China. Recently, the Confucian classic the Dizi gui has emerged as a matter of academic and social interest in Mainland China. Some entrepreneurs have decided to revert to the moral rules set out in this book to decide on complex moral dilemma. Our research aims to explore an actual case in which a business leader from Beijing succeeded in transforming his moral aspiration into (...)
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  • (1 other version)Corporate Governance in A sian Countries: Has C onfucianism Anything to Offer?S. H. Goo Lilian Miles - 2013 - Business and Society Review 118 (1):23-45.
    Although Confucianism is a resilient cultural tradition in Asian societies, its role in their corporate governance systems is ambiguous. Confucian values have been pushed to the periphery because of a preoccupation in these countries to emulate corporate governance systems from the West. This article argues that Confucianism has much to offer in enhancing director conduct and corporate governance standards. As the attention of the global business community turns eastwards, it is opportune to revive interest in Confucianism and to explore ways (...)
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  • (1 other version)Corporate Governance in Asian Countries: Has Confucianism Anything to Offer?Lilian Miles & S. H. Goo - 2013 - Business and Society Review 118 (1):23-45.
    Although Confucianism is a resilient cultural tradition in Asian societies, its role in their corporate governance systems is ambiguous. Confucian values have been pushed to the periphery because of a preoccupation in these countries to emulate corporate governance systems from the West. This article argues that Confucianism has much to offer in enhancing director conduct and corporate governance standards. As the attention of the global business community turns eastwards, it is opportune to revive interest in Confucianism and to explore ways (...)
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  • An Alternative Conceptualisation of Corporate Social Responsibility.Ke Huang - forthcoming - Philosophy.
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