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  1. Predictive processing of novel compounds: Evidence from Japanese.Yuki Hirose & Reiko Mazuka - 2015 - Cognition 136 (C):350-358.
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  • Availability of Alternatives and the Processing of Scalar Implicatures: A Visual World Eye‐Tracking Study.Judith Degen & Michael K. Tanenhaus - 2016 - Cognitive Science 40 (1):172-201.
    Two visual world experiments investigated the processing of the implicature associated with some using a “gumball paradigm.” On each trial, participants saw an image of a gumball machine with an upper chamber with orange and blue gumballs and an empty lower chamber. Gumballs dropped to the lower chamber, creating a contrast between a partitioned set of gumballs of one color and an unpartitioned set of the other. Participants then evaluated spoken statements, such as “You got some of the blue gumballs.” (...)
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  • Harmony in Linguistic Cognition.Paul Smolensky - 2006 - Cognitive Science 30 (5):779-801.
    In this article, I survey the integrated connectionist/symbolic (ICS) cognitive architecture in which higher cognition must be formally characterized on two levels of description. At the microlevel, parallel distributed processing (PDP) characterizes mental processing; this PDP system has special organization in virtue of which it can be characterized at the macrolevel as a kind of symbolic computational system. The symbolic system inherits certain properties from its PDP substrate; the symbolic functions computed constitute optimization of a well-formedness measure called Harmony. The (...)
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  • The communicative function of ambiguity in language.Steven T. Piantadosi, Harry Tily & Edward Gibson - 2012 - Cognition 122 (3):280-291.
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  • Category Locality Theory: A unified account of locality effects in sentence comprehension.Shinnosuke Isono - 2024 - Cognition 247 (C):105766.
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  • A parallel architecture perspective on pre-activation and prediction in language processing.Falk Huettig, Jenny Audring & Ray Jackendoff - 2022 - Cognition 224:105050.
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  • Rare Constructions Are More Often Sentence‐Initial.David Temperley - 2019 - Cognitive Science 43 (2):e12714.
    Main clause phenomena (MCPs) are syntactic constructions that occur predominantly or exclusively in main clauses. I propose a processing explanation for MCPs. Sentence processing is easiest at the beginning of the sentence (requiring less search); this follows naturally from widely held assumptions about sentence processing. Because of this, a wider variety of constructions can be allowed at the beginning of the sentence without overwhelming the sentence‐processing mechanism. Unlike pragmatic and grammatical accounts of MCPs, the processing account predicts avoidance of MCPs (...)
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  • How Should a Speech Recognizer Work?Odette Scharenborg, Dennis Norris, Louis ten Bosch & James M. McQueen - 2005 - Cognitive Science 29 (6):867-918.
    Although researchers studying human speech recognition (HSR) and automatic speech recognition (ASR) share a common interest in how information processing systems (human or machine) recognize spoken language, there is little communication between the two disciplines. We suggest that this lack of communication follows largely from the fact that research in these related fields has focused on the mechanics of how speech can be recognized. In Marr's (1982) terms, emphasis has been on the algorithmic and implementational levels rather than on the (...)
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  • (1 other version)Bayes and the first person: consciousness of thoughts, inner speech and probabilistic inference.Franz Knappik - 2017 - Synthese:1-28.
    On a widely held view, episodes of inner speech provide at least one way in which we become conscious of our thoughts. However, it can be argued, on the one hand, that consciousness of thoughts in virtue of inner speech presupposes interpretation of the simulated speech. On the other hand, the need for such self-interpretation seems to clash with distinctive first-personal characteristics that we would normally ascribe to consciousness of one’s own thoughts: a special reliability; a lack of conscious ambiguity (...)
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  • Dependency Resolution Difficulty Increases with Distance in Persian Separable Complex Predicates: Evidence for Expectation and Memory-Based Accounts.Molood S. Safavi, Samar Husain & Shravan Vasishth - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  • The role of domain-general cognitive control in language comprehension.Evelina Fedorenko - 2014 - Frontiers in Psychology 5.
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  • Comprehension priming as rational expectation for repetition: Evidence from syntactic processing.Mark Myslín & Roger Levy - 2016 - Cognition 147 (C):29-56.
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  • Information Density and Syntactic Repetition.David Temperley & Daniel Gildea - 2015 - Cognitive Science 39 (8):1802-1823.
    In noun phrase coordinate constructions, there is a strong tendency for the syntactic structure of the second conjunct to match that of the first; the second conjunct in such constructions is therefore low in syntactic information. The theory of uniform information density predicts that low-information syntactic constructions will be counterbalanced by high information in other aspects of that part of the sentence, and high-information constructions will be counterbalanced by other low-information components. Three predictions follow: lexical probabilities will be lower in (...)
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  • A primer on probabilistic inference.Thomas L. Griffiths & Alan Yuille - 2008 - In Nick Chater & Mike Oaksford (eds.), The Probabilistic Mind: Prospects for Bayesian Cognitive Science. Oxford University Press. pp. 33--57.
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  • Linguistic complexity and information structure in Korean: Evidence from eye-tracking during reading☆.Y. Lee, H. Lee & P. Gordon - 2007 - Cognition 104 (3):495-534.
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  • Learning first-pass structural attachment preferences with dynamic grammars and recursive neural networks.Patrick Sturt, Fabrizio Costa, Vincenzo Lombardo & Paolo Frasconi - 2003 - Cognition 88 (2):133-169.
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  • Grammar overrides frequency: evidence from the online processing of flexible word order.Ina Bornkessel, Matthias Schlesewsky & Angela D. Friederici - 2002 - Cognition 85 (2):B21-B30.
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  • Evidence for Implicit Learning in Syntactic Comprehension.Alex B. Fine & T. Florian Jaeger - 2013 - Cognitive Science 37 (3):578-591.
    This study provides evidence for implicit learning in syntactic comprehension. By reanalyzing data from a syntactic priming experiment (Thothathiri & Snedeker, 2008), we find that the error signal associated with a syntactic prime influences comprehenders' subsequent syntactic expectations. This follows directly from error‐based implicit learning accounts of syntactic priming, but it is unexpected under accounts that consider syntactic priming a consequence of temporary increases in base‐level activation. More generally, the results raise questions about the principles underlying the maintenance of implicit (...)
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  • A Probabilistic Model of Semantic Plausibility in Sentence Processing.Ulrike Padó, Matthew W. Crocker & Frank Keller - 2009 - Cognitive Science 33 (5):794-838.
    Experimental research shows that human sentence processing uses information from different levels of linguistic analysis, for example, lexical and syntactic preferences as well as semantic plausibility. Existing computational models of human sentence processing, however, have focused primarily on lexico‐syntactic factors. Those models that do account for semantic plausibility effects lack a general model of human plausibility intuitions at the sentence level. Within a probabilistic framework, we propose a wide‐coverage model that both assigns thematic roles to verb–argument pairs and determines a (...)
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  • An Activation‐Based Model of Sentence Processing as Skilled Memory Retrieval.Richard L. Lewis & Shravan Vasishth - 2005 - Cognitive Science 29 (3):375-419.
    We present a detailed process theory of the moment‐by‐moment working‐memory retrievals and associated control structure that subserve sentence comprehension. The theory is derived from the application of independently motivated principles of memory and cognitive skill to the specialized task of sentence parsing. The resulting theory construes sentence processing as a series of skilled associative memory retrievals modulated by similarity‐based interference and fluctuating activation. The cognitive principles are formalized in computational form in the Adaptive Control of Thought–Rational (ACT–R) architecture, and our (...)
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  • Developing incrementality in filler-gap dependency processing.Emily Atkinson, Matthew W. Wagers, Jeffrey Lidz, Colin Phillips & Akira Omaki - 2018 - Cognition 179:132-149.
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  • Intra‐sentential context effects on the interpretation of logical metonymy⋆.Mirella Lapata, Frank Keller & Christoph Scheepers - 2003 - Cognitive Science 27 (4):649-668.
    Verbs such as enjoy in the student enjoyed the book exhibit logical metonymy: enjoy is interpreted as enjoy reading. Theoreticalwork [Computational Linguistics 17 (4) (1991) 409; The Generative Lexicon, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1995] predicts that this interpretation can be influenced by intra‐sentential context, e.g., by the subject of enjoy. In this article, we test this prediction using a completion experiment and find that the interpretation of a metonymic verb is influenced by the semantic role of its subject. We present (...)
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  • Partner‐Specific Adaptation in Dialog.Susan E. Brennan & Joy E. Hanna - 2009 - Topics in Cognitive Science 1 (2):274-291.
    No one denies that people adapt what they say and how they interpret what is said to them, depending on their interactive partners. What is controversial is when and how they do so. Several psycholinguistics research programs have found what appear to be failures to adapt to partners in the early moments of processing and have used this evidence to argue for modularity in the language processing architecture, claiming that the system cannot take into account a partner’s distinct needs or (...)
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  • Uncertainty About the Rest of the Sentence.John Hale - 2006 - Cognitive Science 30 (4):643-672.
    A word-by-word human sentence processing complexity metric is presented. This metric formalizes the intuition that comprehenders have more trouble on words contributing larger amounts of information about the syntactic structure of the sentence as a whole. The formalization is in terms of the conditional entropy of grammatical continuations, given the words that have been heard so far. To calculate the predictions of this metric, Wilson and Carroll's (1954) original entropy reduction idea is extended to infinite languages. This is demonstrated with (...)
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  • Children interpret disjunction as conjunction: Consequences for theories of implicature and child development.Raj Singh, Ken Wexler, Andrea Astle-Rahim, Deepthi Kamawar & Danny Fox - 2016 - Natural Language Semantics 24 (4):305-352.
    We present evidence that preschool children oftentimes understand disjunctive sentences as if they were conjunctive. The result holds for matrix disjunctions as well as disjunctions embedded under every. At the same time, there is evidence in the literature that children understand or as inclusive disjunction in downward-entailing contexts. We propose to explain this seemingly conflicting pattern of results by assuming that the child knows the inclusive disjunction semantics of or, and that the conjunctive inference is a scalar implicature. We make (...)
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  • Working memory differences in long-distance dependency resolution.Bruno Nicenboim, Shravan Vasishth, Carolina Gattei, Mariano Sigman & Reinhold Kliegl - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6:126597.
    There is a wealth of evidence showing that increasing the distance between an argument and its head leads to more processing effort, namely, locality effects; these are usually associated with constraints in working memory (DLT: Gibson, 2000 ; activation-based model: Lewis and Vasishth, 2005 ). In SOV languages, however, the opposite effect has been found: antilocality (see discussion in Levy et al., 2013 ). Antilocality effects can be explained by the expectation-based approach as proposed by Levy ( 2008 ) or (...)
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  • Linguistic complexity: locality of syntactic dependencies.Edward Gibson - 1998 - Cognition 68 (1):1-76.
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  • (1 other version)Dynamical Models of Sentence Processing.Whitney Tabor & Michael K. Tanenhaus - 1999 - Cognitive Science 23 (4):491-515.
    We suggest that the theory of dynamical systems provides a revealing general framework for modeling the representations and mechanism underlying syntactic processing. We show how a particular dynamical model, the Visitation Set Gravitation model of Tabor, Juliano, and Tanenhaus (1997), develops syntactic representations and models a set of contingent frequency effects in parsing that are problematic for other models. We also present new simulations showing how the model accounts for semantic effects in parsing, and propose a new account of the (...)
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  • How Should a Speech Recognizer Work?Odette Scharenborg, Dennis Norris, Louis Bosch & James M. McQueen - 2005 - Cognitive Science 29 (6):867-918.
    Although researchers studying human speech recognition (HSR) and automatic speech recognition (ASR) share a common interest in how information processing systems (human or machine) recognize spoken language, there is little communication between the two disciplines. We suggest that this lack of communication follows largely from the fact that research in these related fields has focused on the mechanics of how speech can be recognized. In Marr's (1982) terms, emphasis has been on the algorithmic and implementational levels rather than on the (...)
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  • Children's Use of Trait Information in Understanding Verbal Irony.Penny M. Pexman, Melanie Glenwright, Suzanne Hala, Stacey L. Kowbel & Sara Jungen - 2006 - Metaphor and Symbol 21 (1):39-60.
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  • Is infant-directed speech interesting because it is surprising? – Linking properties of IDS to statistical learning and attention at the prosodic level.Okko Räsänen, Sofoklis Kakouros & Melanie Soderstrom - 2018 - Cognition 178 (C):193-206.
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  • Reading relative clauses in English.Edward Gibson, Timothy Desmet, Daniel Grodner, Duane Watson & Kara Ko - 2005 - Cognitive Linguistics 16 (2):313-353.
    Two self-paced reading experiments investigated several factors that influence the comprehension complexity of singly-embedded relative clauses (RCs) in English. Three factors were manipulated in Experiment 1, resulting in three main effects. First, object-extracted RCs were read more slowly than subject-extracted RCs, replicating previous work. Second, RCs that were embedded within the sentential complement of a noun were read more slowly than comparable RCs that were not embedded in this way. Third, and most interestingly, object-modifying RCs were read more slowly than (...)
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  • Bootstrapping language acquisition.Omri Abend, Tom Kwiatkowski, Nathaniel J. Smith, Sharon Goldwater & Mark Steedman - 2017 - Cognition 164 (C):116-143.
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  • (1 other version)Lexical chunking effects in syntactic processing.Arne Zeschel - 2008 - Cognitive Linguistics 19 (3).
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  • Listeners Exploit Syntactic Structure On-Line to Restrict Their Lexical Search to a Subclass of Verbs.Perrine Brusini, Mélanie Brun, Isabelle Brunet & Anne Christophe - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
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  • Psycholinguistics, computational.Richard L. Lewis - 2003 - In L. Nadel (ed.), Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. Nature Publishing Group.
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  • Syntactic structure assembly in human parsing: a computational model based on competitive inhibition and a lexicalist grammar.Theo Vosse & Gerard Kempen - 2000 - Cognition 75 (2):105-143.
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  • The processing of extraposed structures in English.Roger Levy, Evelina Fedorenko, Mara Breen & Edward Gibson - 2012 - Cognition 122 (1):12-36.
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  • Social and Representational Cues Jointly Influence Spatial Perspective‐Taking.Alexia Galati & Marios N. Avraamides - 2015 - Cognitive Science 39 (4):739-765.
    We examined how social cues and representational ones jointly shape people's spatial memory representations and their subsequent descriptions. In 24 pairs, Directors studied an array with a symmetrical structure while either knowing their Matcher's subsequent viewpoint or not. During the subsequent description of the array, the array's intrinsic structure was aligned with the Director, the Matcher, or neither partner. According to memory tests preceding descriptions, Directors who had studied the array while aligned with its structure were more likely to use (...)
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  • Expectation-based syntactic comprehension.Roger Levy - 2008 - Cognition 106 (3):1126-1177.
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  • Single‐Stage Prediction Models Do Not Explain the Magnitude of Syntactic Disambiguation Difficulty.Marten van Schijndel & Tal Linzen - 2021 - Cognitive Science 45 (6):e12988.
    The disambiguation of a syntactically ambiguous sentence in favor of a less preferred parse can lead to slower reading at the disambiguation point. This phenomenon, referred to as a garden‐path effect, has motivated models in which readers initially maintain only a subset of the possible parses of the sentence, and subsequently require time‐consuming reanalysis to reconstruct a discarded parse. A more recent proposal argues that the garden‐path effect can be reduced to surprisal arising in a fully parallel parser: words consistent (...)
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  • The Role of Lexical Frequency in the Acceptability of Syntactic Variants: Evidence From that‐ Clauses in Polish.Dagmar Divjak - 2017 - Cognitive Science 41 (2):354-382.
    A number of studies report that frequency is a poor predictor of acceptability, in particular at the lower end of the frequency spectrum. Because acceptability judgments provide a substantial part of the empirical foundation of dominant linguistic traditions, understanding how acceptability relates to frequency, one of the most robust predictors of human performance, is crucial. The relation between low frequency and acceptability is investigated using corpus‐ and behavioral data on the distribution of infinitival and finite that‐complements in Polish. Polish verbs (...)
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  • (1 other version)Bayes and the first person: consciousness of thoughts, inner speech and probabilistic inference.Franz Knappik - 2018 - Synthese 195 (5):2113-2140.
    On a widely held view, episodes of inner speech provide at least one way in which we become conscious of our thoughts. However, it can be argued, on the one hand, that consciousness of thoughts in virtue of inner speech presupposes interpretation of the simulated speech. On the other hand, the need for such self-interpretation seems to clash with distinctive first-personal characteristics that we would normally ascribe to consciousness of one’s own thoughts: a special reliability; a lack of conscious ambiguity (...)
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  • Uncertainty and Expectation in Sentence Processing: Evidence From Subcategorization Distributions.Tal Linzen & T. Florian Jaeger - 2016 - Cognitive Science 40 (6):1382-1411.
    There is now considerable evidence that human sentence processing is expectation based: As people read a sentence, they use their statistical experience with their language to generate predictions about upcoming syntactic structure. This study examines how sentence processing is affected by readers' uncertainty about those expectations. In a self-paced reading study, we use lexical subcategorization distributions to factorially manipulate both the strength of expectations and the uncertainty about them. We compare two types of uncertainty: uncertainty about the verb's complement, reflecting (...)
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  • The Now-or-Never bottleneck: A fundamental constraint on language.Morten H. Christiansen & Nick Chater - 2016 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 39:e62.
    Memory is fleeting. New material rapidly obliterates previous material. How, then, can the brain deal successfully with the continual deluge of linguistic input? We argue that, to deal with this “Now-or-Never” bottleneck, the brain must compress and recode linguistic input as rapidly as possible. This observation has strong implications for the nature of language processing: (1) the language system must “eagerly” recode and compress linguistic input; (2) as the bottleneck recurs at each new representational level, the language system must build (...)
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  • A probabilistic corpus-based model of syntactic parallelism.Amit Dubey, Frank Keller & Patrick Sturt - 2008 - Cognition 109 (3):326-344.
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  • Learning to Attend: A Connectionist Model of Situated Language Comprehension.Marshall R. Mayberry, Matthew W. Crocker & Pia Knoeferle - 2009 - Cognitive Science 33 (3):449-496.
    Evidence from numerous studies using the visual world paradigm has revealed both that spoken language can rapidly guide attention in a related visual scene and that scene information can immediately influence comprehension processes. These findings motivated the coordinated interplay account (Knoeferle & Crocker, 2006) of situated comprehension, which claims that utterance‐mediated attention crucially underlies this closely coordinated interaction of language and scene processing. We present a recurrent sigma‐pi neural network that models the rapid use of scene information, exploiting an utterance‐mediated (...)
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  • Probabilistic Modeling of Discourse‐Aware Sentence Processing.Amit Dubey, Frank Keller & Patrick Sturt - 2013 - Topics in Cognitive Science 5 (3):425-451.
    Probabilistic models of sentence comprehension are increasingly relevant to questions concerning human language processing. However, such models are often limited to syntactic factors. This restriction is unrealistic in light of experimental results suggesting interactions between syntax and other forms of linguistic information in human sentence processing. To address this limitation, this article introduces two sentence processing models that augment a syntactic component with information about discourse co-reference. The novel combination of probabilistic syntactic components with co-reference classifiers permits them to more (...)
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  • Anticipating explanations in relative clause processing.H. Rohde, R. Levy & A. Kehler - 2011 - Cognition 118 (3):339-358.
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  • Semantic similarity to high-frequency verbs affects syntactic frame selection.Eunkyung Yi, Jean-Pierre Koenig & Douglas Roland - 2019 - Cognitive Linguistics 30 (3):601-628.
    Journal Name: Cognitive Linguistics Issue: Ahead of print.
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