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Neuronal vs. subjective timing for a conscious sensory experience

In P. A. Buser & A. Rougeul-Buser (eds.), Cerebral correlates of conscious experience (1978)

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  1. Escape from the Cartesian Theater.Daniel C. Dennett & Marcel Kinsbourne - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):234-247.
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  • Conscious versus unconscious processes: Are they qualitatively different?Eyal M. Reingold - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):218-219.
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  • Content and conformation: Isomorphism in the neural sway.Mark Rollins - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):219-220.
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  • Closing the Cartesian Theatre.Andy Young - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):233-233.
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  • Consciousness is associated with central as well as distributed processes.Bernard J. Baars & Michael Fehling - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):203-204.
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  • Experiential facts?Andy Clark - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):207-208.
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  • The Cartesian Theater stance.Bruce Glymour, Rick Grush, Valerie Gray Hardcastle, Brian Keeley, Joe Ramsey, Oron Shagrir & Ellen Watson - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):209-210.
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  • "Consciousness". Selected Bibliography 1970 - 2004.Thomas Metzinger - unknown
    This is a bibliography of books and articles on consciousness in philosophy, cognitive science, and neuroscience over the last 30 years. There are three main sections, devoted to monographs, edited collections of papers, and articles. The first two of these sections are each divided into three subsections containing books in each of the main areas of research. The third section is divided into 12 subsections, with 10 subject headings for philosophical articles along with two additional subsections for articles in cognitive (...)
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  • The timing of conscious experience: A critical review and reinterpretation of Libet's research.Gilberto Gomes - 1998 - Consciousness and Cognition 7 (4):559-595.
    An extended examination of Libet's works led to a comprehensive reinterpretation of his results. According to this reinterpretation, the Minimum Train Duration of electrical brain stimulation should be considered as the time needed to create a brain stimulus efficient for producing conscious sensation and not as a basis for inferring the latency for conscious sensation of peripheral origin. Latency for conscious sensation with brain stimulation may occurafterthe Minimum Train Duration. Backward masking with cortical stimuli suggests a 125-300 ms minimum value (...)
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  • A thoroughly empirical approach to consciousness.Bernard J. Baars - 1994 - PSYCHE: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Research On Consciousness 1.
    When are psychologists entitled to call a certain theoretical construct "consciousness?" Over the past few decades cognitive psychologists have reintroduced almost the entire conceptual vocabulary of common sense psychology, but now in a way that is tied explicitly to reliable empirical observations, and to compelling and increasingly adequate theoretical models. Nevertheless, until the past few years most cognitive psychologists and neuroscientists avoided dealing with consciousness. Today there is an increasing willingness to do so. But is "consciousness" different from other theoretical (...)
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  • Retroactive enhancement of a skin sensation by a delayed cortical stimulus in man: Evidence for delay of a conscious sensory experience.Benjamin W. Libet, E. W. Wright, B. Feinstein & D. K. Pearl - 1992 - Consciousness and Cognition 1 (3):367-75.
    Sensation elicited by a skin stimulus was subjectively reported to feel stronger when followed by a stimulus to somatosensory cerebral cortex , even when C was delayed by up to 400 ms or more. This expands the potentiality for retroactive effects beyond that previously known as backward masking. It also demonstrates that the content of a sensory experience can be altered by another cerebral input introduced after the sensory signal arrives at the cortex. The long effective S-C intervals support the (...)
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  • The Experimental Evidence for Subjective Referral of a Sensory Experience Backwards in Time: Reply to P. S. Churchland.Benjamin Libet - 1981 - Philosophy of Science 48 (June):182-197.
    Evidence that led to the hypothesis of a backwards referral of conscious sensory experiences in time, and the experimental tests of its predictions, is summarized. Criticisms of the data and the conclusion by Churchland that this hypothesis is untenable are analysed and found to be based upon misconceptions and faulty evaluations of facts and theory. Subjective referral in time violates no neurophysiological principles or data and is compatible with the theory of "mental" and "physical" correspondence.
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  • Unconscious cerebral initiative and the role of conscious will in voluntary action.Benjamin Libet - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):529-66.
    Voluntary acts are preceded by electrophysiological (RPs). With spontaneous acts involving no preplanning, the main negative RP shift begins at about200 ms. Control experiments, in which a skin stimulus was timed (S), helped evaluate each subject's error in reporting the clock times for awareness of any perceived event.
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  • Time and the observer: The where and when of consciousness in the brain.Daniel C. Dennett & Marcel Kinsbourne - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):183-201.
    _Behavioral and Brain Sciences_ , 15, 183-247, 1992. Reprinted in _The Philosopher's Annual_ , Grim, Mar and Williams, eds., vol. XV-1992, 1994, pp. 23-68; Noel Sheehy and Tony Chapman, eds., _Cognitive Science_ , Vol. I, Elgar, 1995, pp.210-274.
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  • Mental representation: Always delayed but not always ephemeral.Roger N. Shepard - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):223-224.
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  • Time for more alternatives.Robert Van Gulick - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):228-229.
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  • The psychoanatomy of consciousness: Neural integration occurs in single cells.Gerald S. Wasserman - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):232-233.
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  • What is consciousness for, anyway?Bruce Bridgeman - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):206-207.
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  • Brain mechanisms of conscious experience and voluntary action.Herbert H. Jasper - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):543-543.
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  • Mind before matter?Geoffrey Underwood & Pekka Niemi - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):554-555.
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  • Conscious wants and self-awareness.Robert Van Gulick - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):555-556.
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  • Visibility of brief images: The dual-process approach.Talis Bachmann - 1997 - Consciousness and Cognition 6 (4):491-518.
    If successive, brief visual images are exposed for recognition or for psychophysical ratings, various effects and phenomena of fast dynamics of conscious perception such as mutual masking, metacontrast, proactive enhancement of contrast, proactive speed-up of the latency of subjective visual experience, the Fröhlich Effect, the Tandem Effect, attentional facilitation by visuospatial precuing, and some others have been found. The theory proposed to deal with these phenomena proceeds from the assumption that two types of brain processes are necessary in order to (...)
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  • Global pattern perception and temporal order judgments.Richard M. Warren - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):230-231.
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  • Toward an identity theory of consciousness.Dan Lloyd - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):215-216.
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  • Are the origins of any mental process available to introspection?Michael D. Rugg - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):552-552.
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  • Consciousness and motor control.Arthur C. Danto - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):540-541.
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  • Toward a psychophysics of intention.Lawrence E. Marks - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):547-547.
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  • The timing of sensations: Reply to Libet.Patricia Smith Churchland - 1981 - Philosophy of Science 48 (3):492-7.
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  • A Neural Correlate of Consciousness Related to Repression.Howard Shevrin, Jess H. Ghannam & Benjamin W. Libet - 2002 - Consciousness and Cognition 11 (2):334-341.
    In previous research Libet discovered that a critical time period for neural activation is necessary in order for a stimulus to become conscious. This necessary time period varies from subject to subject. In this current study, six subjects for whom the time for neural activation of consciousness had been previously determined were administered a battery of psychological tests on the basis of which ratings were made of degree of repressiveness. As hypothesized, repressive subjects had a longer critical time period for (...)
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  • Begging the question against phenomenal consciousness.Ned Block - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):205-206.
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  • Nothing is instantaneous, even in sensation.Robert A. M. Gregson - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):210-211.
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  • Some mistakes about consciousness and their motivation.S. L. Hurley - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):211-212.
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  • Theory and evidence relating cerebral processes to conscious will.Benjamin Libet - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):558-566.
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  • Neural/mental chronometry and chronotheology.Gerald S. Wasserman - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):556-557.
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  • Can neuroscience provide a complete account of human nature?: A reply to Roger Sperry.James W. Jones - 1992 - Zygon 27 (2):187-202.
    In a recent Zygon article (June 1991), Roger Sperry argues for the unification of science and religion based on the principle of emergent causation within the central nervous system. After illustrating Sperry's position with some current experiments, I suggest that his conclusions exceed his argument and the findings of contemporary neuroscience and propose instead a pluralistic, rather than unified, approach to the relations between religion and science necessitated by the incompleteness inherent in any strictly neurological account of human nature.
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  • The timing of conscious states.David M. Rosenthal - 2002 - Consciousness and Cognition 11 (2):215-20.
    Striking experimental results by Benjamin Libet and colleagues have had an impor- tant impact on much recent discussion of consciousness. Some investigators have sought to replicate or extend Libet’s results (Haggard, 1999; Haggard & Eimer, 1999; Haggard, Newman, & Magno, 1999; Trevena & Miller, 2002), while others have focused on how to interpret those findings (e.g., Gomes, 1998, 1999, 2002; Pockett, 2002), which many have seen as conflicting with our commonsense picture of mental functioning.
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  • The where and when of what?Michael V. Antony - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):201-202.
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  • Free will and the functions of consciousness.Bruce Bridgeman - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):540-540.
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  • Models of conscious timing and the experimental evidence.Benjamin Libet - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):213-215.
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  • Throwing the conscious baby out with the Cartesian bath water.J. Aronson, E. Dietrich & E. Way - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):202-203.
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  • Mental summation: The timing of voluntary intentions by cortical activity.John C. Eccles - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):542-543.
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  • Timing volition: Questions of what and when about W.James L. Ringo - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):550-551.
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  • The where in the brain determines the when in the mind.M. Jeannerod - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):212-213.
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  • Problems with the psychophysics of intention.Bruno G. Breitmeyer - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):539-540.
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  • Is consciousness integrated?Max Velmans - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):229-230.
    In the visual system, the represented features of individual objects (shape, colour, movement, and so on) are distributed both in space and time within the brain. Representations of inner and outer event sequences arrive through different sense organs at different times, and are likewise distributed. Objects are nevertheless perceived as integrated wholes - and event sequences are experienced to form a coherent "consciousness stream." In their thoughtful article, Dennett & Kinsbourne ask how this is achieved.
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  • Do we “control” our brains?Donald M. MacKay - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):546-546.
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  • Cinema 1-2-Many of the Mind.Adina L. Roskies & C. C. Wood - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):221-223.
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  • Pardon, your dualism is showing.Charles C. Wood - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):557-558.
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  • Voluntary intention and conscious selection in complex learned action.Richard Jung - 1985 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8 (4):544-545.
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  • On the alleged backward referral of experience and its relevance to the mind-body problem.Patricia Smith Churchland - 1981 - Philosophy of Science 48 (June):165-81.
    A remarkable hypothesis has recently been advanced by Libet and promoted by Eccles which claims that there is standardly a backwards referral of conscious experiences in time, and that this constitutes empirical evidence for the failure of identity of brain states and mental states. Libet's neurophysiological data are critically examined and are found insufficient to support the hypothesis. Additionally, it is argued that even if there is a temporal displacement phenomenon to be explained, a neurophysiological explanation is most likely.
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