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Machines Who Think (2nd ed.)

A. K. Peters (2004)

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  1. The Curious Case of Uncurious Creation.Lindsay Brainard - forthcoming - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.
    This paper seeks to answer the question: Can contemporary forms of artificial intelligence be creative? To answer this question, I consider three conditions that are commonly taken to be necessary for creativity. These are novelty, value, and agency. I argue that while contemporary AI models may have a claim to novelty and value, they cannot satisfy the kind of agency condition required for creativity. From this discussion, a new condition for creativity emerges. Creativity requires curiosity, a motivation to pursue epistemic (...)
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  • How much of commonsense and legal reasoning is formalizable? A review of conceptual obstacles.James Franklin - 2012 - Law, Probability and Risk 11:225-245.
    Fifty years of effort in artificial intelligence (AI) and the formalization of legal reasoning have produced both successes and failures. Considerable success in organizing and displaying evidence and its interrelationships has been accompanied by failure to achieve the original ambition of AI as applied to law: fully automated legal decision-making. The obstacles to formalizing legal reasoning have proved to be the same ones that make the formalization of commonsense reasoning so difficult, and are most evident where legal reasoning has to (...)
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  • The power of reduction and the limits of compressibility.Hubert Markl - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):18-19.
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  • Mind and the linkage between genes and culture.John Maynard Smith - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):20-21.
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  • Parrying.Kenneth Mark Colby - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):550-560.
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  • Colby's paranoia model: An old theory in a new frame?C. E. Izard & F. A. Masterson - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):539-540.
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  • Arguments Whose Strength Depends on Continuous Variation.James Franklin - 2013 - Informal Logic 33 (1):33-56.
    Both the traditional Aristotelian and modern symbolic approaches to logic have seen logic in terms of discrete symbol processing. Yet there are several kinds of argument whose validity depends on some topological notion of continuous variation, which is not well captured by discrete symbols. Examples include extrapolation and slippery slope arguments, sorites, fuzzy logic, and those involving closeness of possible worlds. It is argued that the natural first attempts to analyze these notions and explain their relation to reasoning fail, so (...)
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  • Information, feedback, and transparency.Robert Van Gulick - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):27-29.
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  • Genes, mind, and emotion.Robert Plutchik - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):21-22.
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  • Précis of Genes, Mind, and Culture.Charles J. Lumsden & Edward O. Wilson - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):1-7.
    Despite its importance, the linkage between genetic and cultural evolution has until now been little explored. An understanding of this linkage is needed to extend evolutionary theory so that it can deal for the first time with the phenomena of mind and human social history. We characterize the process of gene-culture coevolution, in which culture is shaped by biological imperatives while biological traits are simultaneously altered by genetic evolution in response to cultural history. A case is made from both theory (...)
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  • From genes to culture: The missing links.Joseph K. Kovach - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):15-17.
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  • Stalking the wild culturgen.Arthur L. Caplan - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):8-9.
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  • Testing the components of a computer model.Brendan A. Maher - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):543-543.
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  • Issues in computer modeling of cognitive phenomena: An artificial intelligence perspective.Jaime G. Carbonell - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):536-537.
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  • Modeling paranoia: The cargo cult metaphor.Keith Oatley - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):545-546.
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  • Modeling a paranoid mind.Kenneth Mark Colby - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):515-534.
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  • Cockpit cognition: Education, the military and cognitive engineering. [REVIEW]Douglas D. Noble - 1989 - AI and Society 3 (4):271-296.
    The goals of public education, as well as conceptions of human intelligence and learning, are undergoing a transformation through the application of military-sponsored information technologies and information processing models of human thought. Recent emphases in education on thinking skills, learning strategies, and computer-based technologies are the latest episodes in the postwar military agenda to engineer intelligent components, human and artificial, for the optimal performance of complex technological systems. Public education serves increasingly as a “human factors” laboratory and production site for (...)
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  • Criteria for the Design and Evaluation of Cognitive Architectures.Sashank Varma - 2011 - Cognitive Science 35 (7):1329-1351.
    Cognitive architectures are unified theories of cognition that take the form of computational formalisms. They support computational models that collectively account for large numbers of empirical regularities using small numbers of computational mechanisms. Empirical coverage and parsimony are the most prominent criteria by which architectures are designed and evaluated, but they are not the only ones. This paper considers three additional criteria that have been comparatively undertheorized. (a) Successful architectures possess subjective and intersubjective meaning, making cognition comprehensible to individual cognitive (...)
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  • Are there culturgens?Alexander Rosenberg - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):22-24.
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  • A bully pulpit.L. B. Slobodkin - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):26-27.
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  • Artificial decision-making and artificial ethics: A management concern. [REVIEW]Omar E. M. Khalil - 1993 - Journal of Business Ethics 12 (4):313 - 321.
    Expert systems are knowledge-based information systems which are expected to have human attributes in order to replicate human capacity in ethical decision making. An expert system functions by virtue of its information, its inferential rules, and its decision criteria, each of which may be problematic. This paper addresses three basic reasons for ethical concern when using the currently available expert systems in a decisions-making capacity. These reasons are (1) expert systems' lack of human intelligence, (2) expert systems' lack of emotions (...)
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  • Genes and culture, protest and communication.Charles J. Lumsden & Edward O. Wilson - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):31-37.
    Despite its importance, the linkage between genetic and cultural evolution has until now been little explored. An understanding of this linkage is needed to extend evolutionary theory so that it can deal for the first time with the phenomena of mind and human social history. We characterize the process of gene-culture coevolution, in which culture is shaped by biological imperatives while biological traits are simultaneously altered by genetic evolution in response to cultural history. A case is made from both theory (...)
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  • A too simple view of population genetics.Daniel L. Hartl - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):13-14.
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  • Turing, Wittgenstein and the science of the mind.Diane Proudfoot & Jack Copeland - 1994 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 72:497-519.
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  • Collaboration between biology and the social sciences: A milestone.Joseph Shepher - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):25-26.
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  • Clinical artificial intelligence.Virginia Teller & Hartvig Dahl - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):549-550.
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  • Paranoia concerning program-resistant aspects of the mind - and let's drop rocks on Turing's toes again.Keith Gunderson - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):537-539.
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  • PARRY and the evaluation of cognitive models.James R. Miller - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):543-544.
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  • Simulation?Joseph Agassi - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):535-536.
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  • Artificial intelligences, feminist and otherwise.William Keith - 1994 - Social Epistemology 8 (4):333 – 340.
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  • How smart must you be to be crazy?Robert Lindsay - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):541-542.
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  • Deep and shallow simulations.Aaron Sloman - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):548-548.
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  • On the generality of PARRY, Colby's paranoia model.Manfred Kochen - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):540-541.
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  • From expert systems to knowledge-based companies: How the AI industry negotiated a market for knowledge.Janet Vaux - 2001 - Social Epistemology 15 (3):231 – 245.
    (2001). From expert systems to knowledge-based companies: How the AI industry negotiated a market for knowledge. Social Epistemology: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 231-245.
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  • Colby's model for paranoia: It's made well, but what is it?Peter A. Magaro & Harvey G. Shulman - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):542-543.
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  • Going after PARRY.Robert P. Abelson - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):534-535.
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  • Concepts of development in the mathematics of cultural change.Timothy D. Johnston - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):14-15.
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  • Toward a natural science of human culture.Roger D. Masters - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):19-20.
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  • Psychiatry and computers: An uneasy synthesis.William H. Reid & John F. Riedler - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):547-547.
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  • Life-worlds and social relations in computers.L.�szl� Ropolyi - 1999 - AI and Society 13 (1-2):69-87.
    How are social relations appearing in computers? How are social relations realised in a different kind of medium, in the hardware and software of computers? How are the organising principles of computer building related to those of the life-worlds in a social system? Following a partly social constructivist and partly hermeneutic line a more general answer will be presented. The basic conclusion of this approach is simple: computers are constructed under the influence of the ideas of modernity and represent its (...)
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  • From genes to mind to culture: Biting the bullet at last.David P. Barash - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):7-8.
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  • On mechanisms of cultural evolution, and the evolution of language and the common law.Michael T. Ghiselin - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):11-11.
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  • Genes for general intellect rather than particular culture.Howard E. Gruber - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):11-12.
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  • Top-down guidance from a bottom-up theory.Geoffrey R. Loftus - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):17-18.
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  • Is PARRY paranoid?David W. Swanson - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):548-549.
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  • The place of mind, and the limits of amplification.Joachim F. Wohlwill - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):30-31.
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  • Genes, mind, and culture; A turning point.Thomas Rhys Williams - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):29-30.
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  • Resistance to biological self-understanding.Pierre L. van den Berghe - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):27-27.
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  • Epigenesis: The newer synthesis?Glendon Schubert - 1982 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5 (1):24-25.
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  • Evaluation of a model's test.Russell Revlin - 1981 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4 (4):547-548.
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