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  1. A Content Analysis of Whistleblowing Policies of Leading European Companies.Harold Hassink, Meinderd Vries & Laury Bollen - 2007 - Journal of Business Ethics 75 (1):25-44.
    Since the introduction of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002 and several other national corporate governance codes, whistleblowing policies have been implemented in a growing number of companies. Existing research indicates that this type of governance codes has a limited direct effect on ethical or whistleblowing behaviour whereas whistleblowing policies at the corporate level seem to be more effective. Therefore, evidence on the impact of (inter)national corporate governance codes on the content of corporate whistleblowing policies is important to understand their (...)
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  • A New Generation of Corporate Codes of Ethics.Cynthia Stohl, Michael Stohl & Lucy Popova - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 90 (4):607-622.
    Globalization theories posit organizational convergence, suggesting that Codes of Ethics will become commonplace and include greater consideration of global issues. This study explores the degree to which the Codes of Ethics of 157 corporations on the Global 500 and/or Fortune 500 lists include the "third generation" of corporate social responsibility. Unlike first generation ethics, which focus on the legal context of corporate behavior, and second generation ethics, which locate responsibility to groups directly associated with the corporation, third generation ethics transcend (...)
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  • Opportunities and Problems of Standardized Ethics Initiatives – a Stakeholder Theory Perspective.Dirk Ulrich Gilbert & Andreas Rasche - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 82 (3):755-773.
    This article explains problems and opportunities created by standardized ethics initiatives (e.g., the UN Global Compact, the Global Reporting Initiative, and SA 8000) from the perspective of stakeholder theory. First, we outline differences and commonalities among currently existing initiatives and thus generate a common ground for our discussion. Second, based on these remarks, we critically evaluate standardized ethics initiatives by drawing on descriptive, instrumental, and normative stakeholder theory. In doing so, we explain why these standards are helpful tools when it (...)
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  • The Escalation of Deception in Organizations.Peter Fleming & Stelios C. Zyglidopoulos - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 81 (4):837-850.
    Drawing on a number of recent high-profile cases of corporate corruption, we develop a process model that explains the escalation of deception in corrupt firms. If undetected, an initial lie can begin a process whereby the ease, severity and pervasiveness of deception increases overtime so that it eventually becomes an organization level phenomenon. We propose that organizational complexity has an amplifying effect. A␣feedback loop between organization level deception and each of the escalation stages positively reinforces the process. In addition, moderators (...)
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  • Doing Well by Doing Good? Analyzing the Relationship Between CEO Ethical Leadership and Firm Performance.Silke Astrid Eisenbeiss, Daan van Knippenberg & Clemens Maximilian Fahrbach - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 128 (3):635-651.
    Business ethics and firm economic performance have traditionally often been regarded as mutually exclusive ends. We challenge this “either-or” belief and analyze when and how ethical firm leadership and firm performance may harmonize well. In extension of earlier research on ethical leadership and performance at the individual and team level, we study the context–dependency of the organization level relationship between CEO ethical leadership and firm performance. We propose a moderated mediation model of the link between CEO ethical leadership and firm (...)
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  • (1 other version)A comparison of business ethics commitment in private and public sector organizations in sweden.Göran Svensson, Greg Wood & Michael Callaghan - 2010 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 19 (2):213-232.
    This paper reports the results of a study of the top 500 private sector organizations and the top 100 public sector organizations in Sweden. It is a replication of the study by Svensson et al . (2004) . The aim of the study was to describe and compare the business ethics commitment of organizations across the two sectors. The empirical findings indicate that the processes involved in business ethics commitment have begun to be recognized and acted upon at an organizational (...)
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  • Codes of ethics in the light of fairness and harm.Dan Munter - 2013 - Business Ethics: A European Review 22 (2):174-188.
    Nine codes of ethics from companies in the Swedish financial sector were subjected to a content analysis to determine how they address and treat employees. The codes say a great deal about employee conduct and misconduct but next to nothing about employee rights, their rightful expectations or their value to the firm. The normative analysis – echoing some of the value-based HRM literature – draws on the foundational values of respect, equality, reciprocity and care. The analysis shows that most of (...)
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  • Scoring Firms’ Codes of Ethics: An Explorative Study of Quality Drivers.Giovanni Maria Garegnani, Emilia Piera Merlotti & Angeloantonio Russo - 2015 - Journal of Business Ethics 126 (4):541-557.
    Research in the field of management has increasingly focused on strategies and tools related to corporate sustainability. Of the tools examined, codes of ethics have been found to play a primary role. Many studies have investigated the content of such codes, as well as their capacity to condition the behaviour of people within organizations. However, few studies have considered the intrinsic quality of codes of ethics. This study aims to investigate the impact that specific factors—firm size, degree of internationalization and (...)
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  • A Content Analysis of Whistleblowing Policies of Leading European Companies.Harold Hassink, Meinderd de Vries & Laury Bollen - 2007 - Journal of Business Ethics 75 (1):25 - 44.
    Since the introduction of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002 and several other national corporate governance codes, whistleblowing policies have been implemented in a growing number of companies. Existing research indicates that this type of governance codes has a limited direct effect on ethical or whistleblowing behaviour whereas whistleblowing policies at the corporate level seem to be more effective. Therefore, evidence on the impact of (inter)national corporate governance codes on the content of corporate whistleblowing policies is important to understand their (...)
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  • How Ethical are U.S. Business Executives? A Study of Perceptions.Betsy Stevens - 2013 - Journal of Business Ethics 117 (2):361-369.
    Not much has been written about how the ethics of U.S. business executives are perceived by the American public, yet the perception of integrity is important to both businesses and their investors. This study examines the U.S. public’s perceptions of the ethics of American business executives using Gallup Poll data for the past thirty years. Organizations with unethical executives have trouble attracting investors, customers, and new managerial talent. They suffer lawsuits, market share deterioration, and often prison time for the once-revered (...)
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  • The State of Business Ethics in Israel: A Light Unto the Nations? [REVIEW]Mark S. Schwartz - 2012 - Journal of Business Ethics 105 (4):429-446.
    Whether the nation of Israel has become a “light unto the nations” in terms of ethical behavior among its business community remains in doubt. To examine the current state of business ethics in Israel, the study examines the following: (1) the extent of business ethics education in Israel; (2) the existence of formal corporate ethics program elements based on an annual survey of over 50 large Israeli corporations conducted over 5 years (2006–2010); and (3) perceptions of the state of business (...)
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  • (1 other version)Implementation, communication and benefits of corporate codes of ethics: An international and longitudinal approach for australia, canada and sweden.Göran Svensson, Greg Wood, Jang Singh & Michael Callaghan - 2009 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 18 (4):389-407.
    This paper examines the implementation, communication and benefits of corporate codes of ethics by the top companies operating in Australia, Canada and Sweden. It provides an international comparison across three continents. It is also based on a longitudinal approach where three national surveys were performed in 2001–2002 and replications of the same surveys were performed in 2005–2006. The empirical findings of this research show in all three countries that large organisations indicate a substantial interest in corporate codes of ethics. There (...)
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  • Corporate Governance and Codes of Ethics.Luis Rodriguez-Dominguez, Isabel Gallego-Alvarez & Isabel Maria Garcia-Sanchez - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 90 (2):187-202.
    As a result of recent corporate scandals, several rules have focused on the role played by Boards of Directors on the planning and monitoring of corporate codes of ethics. In theory, outside directors are in a better position than insiders to protect and further the interests of all stakeholders because of their experience and their sense of moral and legal obligations. Female directors also tend to be more sensitive to ethics according to several past studies which explain this affirmation by (...)
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  • Does Ethics Statement of a Public Relations Firm Make a Difference? Yes it Does!!Eyun-Jung Ki, Hong-Lim Choi & Junghyuk Lee - 2012 - Journal of Business Ethics 105 (2):267-276.
    Attempting to determine solutions for unethical practices in the field, this research was designed to assess the effectiveness of public relations firms’ ethics statements in decreasing the incidence of malpractice. This study revealed an encouraging finding that practitioners working in firms with ethical parameters were significantly more likely to engage in ethical practices. Moreover, educating public relations practitioners about the content of ethics statement could positively influence their ethical practices. At the same time, this study’s findings suggest further questions for (...)
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  • Codes of Conduct in Organisational Context: From Cascade to Lattice-Work of Codes. [REVIEW]Lutz Preuss - 2010 - Journal of Business Ethics 94 (4):471 - 487.
    Codes of conduct have proliferated not only at company level, but also at supra-and suborganisational levels. However, the latter have remained an under-researched area within the CSR literature. Hence, this article examined what range of organisational and sub-organisational codes large companies - here the FTSE100 constituent companies -have developed. The article isolated seven different types of organisational and sub-organisational codes, which together with six supraorganisational ones form a lattice-work of intermeshing documents. Such a division of labour between types of codes (...)
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  • Influence of ethical ideology on job stress.Abhishek Shukla & Rajeev Srivastava - 2017 - Asian Journal of Business Ethics 6 (2):233-254.
    The relationship between ethical ideology and job stress appears to be complex. This study is based on a model presented by Forsyth (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39:175, 1980), showing two dimensions (idealism and relativism) that play an important role in ethical evaluation and behavior. Based on a survey of 561 employees of hotel industry in India, ethical ideologies were found to be negatively associated with job stress. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlations and multiple regressions. The result (...)
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  • (1 other version)A longitudinal and cross-cultural study of the contents of codes of ethics of Australian, Canadian and Swedish corporations.Jang Singh, Göran Svensson, Greg Wood & Michael Callaghan - 2011 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 20 (1):103-119.
    This study uses a specific method to analyze the contents of the codes of ethics of the largest corporations in Australia, Canada and Sweden and compares the findings of similar content analyses in 2002 and 2006. It tracks changes in code contents across the three nations over the 2002–2006 period. There were statistically significant changes in the codes of the three countries from 2002 to 2006: the Australian and Canadian codes becoming more prescriptive, intensifying the differences between these and the (...)
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  • Impact of Enforcement on Healthcare Billing Fraud: Evidence from the USA.Renee Flasher & Melvin A. Lamboy-Ruiz - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 157 (1):217-229.
    Each state’s Medicaid Fraud Control Unit prosecutes billing fraud cases against individual healthcare providers who fraudulently bill Medicaid for services provided. Once an individual is convicted of billing fraud, the Office of Inspector General for the Department of Health and Human Services may exclude the individual from billing any federal government healthcare program, including Medicaid. Excluded individuals are added to a public list of exclusions, which restricts their ability to practice professionally. Prompted by criminology research into the impact of policing (...)
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  • Critical Role of Leadership on Ethical Climate and Salesperson Behaviors.Jay P. Mulki, Jorge Fernando Jaramillo & William B. Locander - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 86 (2):125-141.
    Leaders play a critical role in setting the tone for ethical climate in organizations. In recent years, there has been an increased skepticism about the role played by corporate executives in developing and implementing ethics in business practices. Sales and marketing practices of businesses, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry, have come under increased scrutiny. This study identifies a type of leadership style that can help firms develop an ethical climate. Responses from 333 salespeople working for a North American subsidiary of (...)
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  • Corporate Ethical Codes: Effective Instruments For Influencing Behavior.Betsy Stevens - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 78 (4):601-609.
    This paper reviews studies of corporate ethical codes published since 2000 and concludes that codes be can effective instruments for shaping ethical behavior and guiding employee decision-making. Culture and effective communication are key components to a code’s success. If codes are embedded in the culture and embraced by the leaders, they are likely to be successful. Communicating the code’s precepts in an effective way is crucial to its success. Discussion between employees and management is a key component of successful ethical (...)
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  • (2 other versions)Do corporate codes of ethics reflect issues of societal transformation? Western German and Slovak companies compared.Ingo Winkler & Anna Remišová - 2007 - Business Ethics: A European Review 16 (4):419-431.
    Can differences in corporate codes of ethics arise from the specific situation of transformation in Slovakia in contrast to the stable context of the firms in Western Germany? This paper compares codes of ethics of large‐scale enterprises in both countries in terms of ethical issues addressed. It demonstrates that codes of ethics of the Slovak companies mirror the specific transformational circumstances in the country. Compared with Western Germany the codes of these firms include multiple ethical issues, meaning that they experience (...)
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  • (1 other version)Implementation, communication and benefits of corporate codes of ethics: an international and longitudinal approach for Australia, Canada and Sweden.Göran Svensson, Greg Wood, Jang Singh & Michael Callaghan - 2009 - Business Ethics: A European Review 18 (4):389-407.
    This paper examines the implementation, communication and benefits of corporate codes of ethics by the top companies operating in Australia, Canada and Sweden. It provides an international comparison across three continents. It is also based on a longitudinal approach where three national surveys were performed in 2001–2002 and replications of the same surveys were performed in 2005–2006. The empirical findings of this research show in all three countries that large organisations indicate a substantial interest in corporate codes of ethics. There (...)
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  • Ethics Training in the Indian IT Sector: Formal, Informal or Both?Pratima Verma, Siddharth Mohapatra & Jan Löwstedt - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 133 (1):73-93.
    Ethics training—an important means to foster ethical decision-making in organisations—is carried out formally as well as informally. There are mixed findings as regards the effectiveness of formal versus informal ethics training. This study is one of its first kinds in which we have investigated the effectiveness of ethics training as it is carried out in the Indian IT sector. We have collected the views of Indian IT industry professionals concerning ethics training, and employed positivist and interpretive research. We first have (...)
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  • Social Media Policies: Implications for Contemporary Notions of Corporate Social Responsibility.Cynthia Stohl, Michael Etter, Scott Banghart & DaJung Woo - 2017 - Journal of Business Ethics 142 (3):413-436.
    Three global developments situate the context of this investigation: the increasing use of social media by organizations and their employees, the burgeoning presence of social media policies, and the heightened focus on corporate social responsibility. In this study the intersection of these trends is examined through a content analysis of 112 publicly available social media policies from the largest corporations in the world. The extent to which social media policies facilitate and/or constrain the communicative sensibilities and values associated with contemporary (...)
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  • Managing ethics in higher education: Implementing a code or embedding virtue?Geoff Moore - 2006 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 15 (4):407–418.
    This paper reviews a publication entitled ‘Ethics Matters. Managing Ethical Issues in Higher Education’, which was distributed to all UK universities and equivalent in October 2005. The publication proposed that HEIs should put in place an institution‐wide ethical policy framework, well beyond the customary focus on research ethics, together with the mechanisms necessary to ensure its implementation. Having summarised the processes that led to the publication and the publication itself, the paper then considers whether following the now commonplace corporate practice (...)
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  • Institutional Pressures and Ethical Reckoning by Business Corporations.Frances Chua & Asheq Rahman - 2011 - Journal of Business Ethics 98 (2):307 - 329.
    Prior studies have provided explanations for the presence, use and dissemination of codes of corporate ethics or codes of corporate conduct of business corporations. Most such explanations are functional in nature, and are descriptive as they are derived from the codes and their associated documents. We search for more underlying explanations using two complementary theories: first, social contract theories explaining the exogenous and endogenous reasons of organizational behavior, and then institutional theory explaining why organizations take similar measures in response to (...)
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  • The Influence of Internal and External Codes on CSR Practice: The Case of Companies Operating in Serbia. [REVIEW]Ivana S. Mijatovic & Dusan Stokic - 2010 - Journal of Business Ethics 94 (4):533 - 552.
    In this article, our aim is to examine the difference between the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practice of the multinational companies (MNCs) and of the domestic companies operating in Serbia, as well as the influence of internal self-regulations such as statements of corporate values and codes of conduct, and external self-regulations such as the implementation of the ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 standards on CSR practice. The CSR practice is observed in five CSR areas: employee relations, customer relations, environmental practice, (...)
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  • (2 other versions)Do corporate codes of ethics reflect issues of societal transformation? Western German and slovak companies compared.Ingo Winkler & Anna Remišová - 2007 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 16 (4):419–431.
    Can differences in corporate codes of ethics arise from the specific situation of transformation in Slovakia in contrast to the stable context of the firms in Western Germany? This paper compares codes of ethics of large‐scale enterprises in both countries in terms of ethical issues addressed. It demonstrates that codes of ethics of the Slovak companies mirror the specific transformational circumstances in the country. Compared with Western Germany the codes of these firms include multiple ethical issues, meaning that they experience (...)
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  • Law‐abiding organizational climates in developing countries: The role of institutional factors and socially responsible organizational practices.Shoeb Mohammad & Bryan W. Husted - 2019 - Business Ethics: A European Review 28 (4):476-493.
    Business Ethics: A European Review, EarlyView.
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  • (1 other version)A comparison of business ethics commitment in private and public sector organizations in Sweden.Göran Svensson, Greg Wood & Michael Callaghan - 2010 - Business Ethics: A European Review 19 (2):213-232.
    This paper reports the results of a study of the top 500 private sector organizations and the top 100 public sector organizations in Sweden. It is a replication of the study by Svensson et al. (2004). The aim of the study was to describe and compare the business ethics commitment of organizations across the two sectors. The empirical findings indicate that the processes involved in business ethics commitment have begun to be recognized and acted upon at an organizational level in (...)
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  • Ethical Codes in Sports Organizations: Classification Framework, Content Analysis, and the Influence of Content on Code Effectiveness.Els De Waegeneer, Jeroen Van De Sompele & Annick Willem - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 136 (3):587-598.
    Sports organizations face various ethical challenges. To tackle these, ethical codes are becoming increasingly popular instruments. However, a lot of questions remain concerning their effectiveness. There is a particular lack of knowledge when it comes to their form and content, and on the influence of these features on the effectiveness of these codes of ethics. Therefore, we developed a framework to analyze ethical codes and used this to assess codes of ethics in sports clubs from six disciplines. The form and (...)
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  • Ethical structures and processes of corporations operating in australia, canada, and sweden: A longitudinal and cross-cultural study.Goran Svensson, Greg Wood, Jang Singh, Emily Carasco & Michael Callaghan - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 86 (4):485 - 506.
    Based on the 'Partnership Model of Corporate Ethics' (Wood, 2002), this study examines the ethical structures and processes that are put in place by organizations to enhance the ethical business behavior of staff. The study examines the use of these structures and processes amongst the top companies in the three countries of Australia, Canada, and Sweden over two time periods (2001–2002 and 2005–2006). Subsequendy, a combined comparative and longitudinal approach is applied in the study, which we contend is a unique (...)
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  • Code of ethics quality: an international comparison of corporate staff support and regulation in Australia, Canada and the United States.Michael Callaghan, Greg Wood, Janice M. Payan, Jang Singh & Göran Svensson - 2011 - Business Ethics: A European Review 21 (1):15-30.
    The objective of this paper is to examine the ‘Code of Ethics Quality’ (CEQ) in the largest companies of Australia, Canada and the United States. For this purpose, a proposed CEQ construct has been applied. It appears from the empirical findings that while Australia, Canada and the United States are extremely similar in their economic and social development, there may well be distinct cultural mores and issues that are forming their business ethics practices. A research implication derived from the performed (...)
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  • Effect of Ethical Climate on Turnover Intention: Linking Attitudinal- and Stress Theory.Jay P. Mulki, Jorge F. Jaramillo & William B. Locander - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 78 (4):559-574.
    Attitudinal- and stress theory are used to investigate the effect of ethical climate on job outcomes. Responses from 208 service employees who work for a country health department were used to test a structural model that examines the process through which ethical climate (EC) affects turnover intention (TI). This study shows that the EC–TI relationship is fully mediated by role stress (RC), interpersonal conflict (IC), emotional exhaustion (EE), trust in supervisor (TS), and job satisfaction (JS). Results show that EC reduces (...)
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  • An Updated Inquiry into the Study of Corporate Codes of Ethics: 2005–2016.Maira Babri, Bruce Davidson & Sven Helin - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 168 (1):71-108.
    This paper presents a review of 100 empirical papers studying corporate codes of ethics in business organizations from the time period mid-2005 until mid-2016, following approximately an 11-year time period after the previous review of the literature. The reviewed papers are broadly categorized as content-oriented, output-oriented, or transformation-oriented. The review sheds light on empirical focus, context, questions addressed, methods, findings and theory. The findings are discussed in terms of the three categories as well as the aggregate, stock of empirical CCE (...)
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  • Organizational Determinants of Ethical Dysfunctionality.Carole L. Jurkiewicz & Robert A. Giacalone - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 136 (1):1-12.
    The literature on organizational ethicality to date has focused primarily on elements of the cultural, social, and political factors that enhance positive behaviors, interspersed with isolated accounts of malfeasance and wrongdoing. This treatise defines the anatomy of organizational dysfunction as a matter of ethicality, reframing the relationship from individual transgression to the organization itself. It is argued that the structure of an organization predisposes in large part whether it is itself conducive or prohibitive to unethical acts. Our approach allows for (...)
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  • Ethical Climate and Purchasing Social Responsibility: A Benevolence Focus. [REVIEW]Constantin Blome & Antony Paulraj - 2013 - Journal of Business Ethics 116 (3):567-585.
    Using a sample of multinational firms in Germany, we develop and empirically examine a model to test the effects of ethical climate and its antecedents on purchasing social responsibility (PSR). Our results show different effects of benevolence dimensions of ethical climate on PSR: employee-focused climate has no effect, but community-focused climate is a significant driver of PSR. The results also show that top management ethical norms and code of conduct implementation impact PSR directly as well as indirectly through ethical climate.
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  • Ethical Sourcing Codes of Large UK-Based Corporations: Prevalence, Content, Limitations.Lutz Preuss - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 88 (4):735-747.
    Codes of conduct have become the perhaps most often used tool to manage corporate social responsibility (CSR). Researchers have primarily analysed such documents at company-wide or trans-company levels, whereas there is a dearth of studies into the use of codes for particular corporate functions. Hence, this article will examine one particular group of sub-company level codes, namely codes of conduct that stipulate CSR criteria for suppliers. Examining such ethical sourcing policies adopted by the FTSE100 corporations, the article draws out what (...)
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  • (1 other version)A longitudinal and cross-cultural study of the contents of codes of ethics of Australian, Canadian and Swedish corporations.Jang Singh, Göran Svensson, Greg Wood & Michael Callaghan - 2011 - Business Ethics: A European Review 20 (1):103-119.
    This study uses a specific method to analyze the contents of the codes of ethics of the largest corporations in Australia, Canada and Sweden and compares the findings of similar content analyses in 2002 and 2006. It tracks changes in code contents across the three nations over the 2002–2006 period. There were statistically significant changes in the codes of the three countries from 2002 to 2006: the Australian and Canadian codes becoming more prescriptive, intensifying the differences between these and the (...)
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