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Pensées

In Aloysius Martinich, Fritz Allhoff & Anand Vaidya (eds.), Early Modern Philosophy: Essential Readings with Commentary. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 111-112 (2007)

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  1. The philosophical significance of Stein’s paradox.Olav Vassend, Elliott Sober & Branden Fitelson - 2017 - European Journal for Philosophy of Science 7 (3):411-433.
    Charles Stein discovered a paradox in 1955 that many statisticians think is of fundamental importance. Here we explore its philosophical implications. We outline the nature of Stein’s result and of subsequent work on shrinkage estimators; then we describe how these results are related to Bayesianism and to model selection criteria like AIC. We also discuss their bearing on scientific realism and instrumentalism. We argue that results concerning shrinkage estimators underwrite a surprising form of holistic pragmatism.
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  • Whence avidity? Hume’s psychology and the origins of justice.Gerald J. Postema - 2006 - Synthese 152 (3):371-391.
    Hume's account of the roots of justice focuses on the need to secure possession against the corrosive effects of unrestrained avidity. The reasons for this focus lie deep in his understanding of human psychology, especially, the mimetic passions shaped by the principles of sympathy, social referencing, and reversal comparison. The need for esteem drives human beings to attach their pride to those things they think are especially valued by those whom they especially admire. Most predominant among these goods are riches (...)
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  • Minding the gap: What it is to pay attention following the collapse of the subject-object distinction.S. West Gurley - 2008 - Dissertation, University of South Florida
    Contemporary studies of the phenomenon of attention uncritically suppose that the only way to go about observing attention is as a modification of consciousness. Consciousness is taken to be always intentional, i.e., distinguished by reference to an object-whether physical or not-toward which it is directed. Observers of attention therefore assume that attention is an intentional modification of consciousness. Such practices of observation, in virtue of the kinds of practices that they are, take for granted that the fundamental constituents of reality (...)
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  • Sensation strength: Another point of view.Robert Teghtsoonian - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):161-162.
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  • What Ekman really said.Mats Olsson, Kathleen Harder & John C. Baird - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):157-158.
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  • Derivation of Stevens's exponent from neurophysiological data.Artour N. Lebedev - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):152-153.
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  • The chimera of psychological measurement.Gail A. Hornstein - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):148-149.
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  • Fechner's impact for measurement theory.Michael Heidelberger - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):146-148.
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  • Nonconscious sensation and inner psychophysics.Norman H. Anderson - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):137-138.
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  • A perspective for viewing the history of psychophysics.David J. Murray - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):115-137.
    Fechner's conception of psychophysics included both “outer psychophysics” the relation between stimulus intensity and the response reflecting sensation strength, and “inner psychophysics” the relation between neurelectric responses and sensation strength. In his own time outer psychophysics focussed on the form of the psychophysical law, with Fechner espousing a logarithmic law, Delboeuf a variant of the logarithmic law incorporating a resting level of neural activity, and Plateau a power law. One of the issues on which the dispute was focussed concerned the (...)
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  • Pragma-Dialectics and the Function of Argumentation.Christoph Lumer - 2010 - Argumentation 24 (1):41-69.
    This contribution discusses some problems of Pragma-Dialectics and explains them by its consensualistic view of the function of argumentation and by its philosophical underpinnings. It is suggested that these problems can be overcome by relying on a better epistemology and on an epistemological theory of argumentation. On the one hand Pragma-Dialectics takes unqualified consensus as the aim of argumentation, which is problematic, (Sect. 2) on the other it includes strong epistemological and rationalistic elements (Sect. 3). The problematic philosophical underpinnings of (...)
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  • You never know your luck: Lacan reads Pascal. [REVIEW]Dominiek Hoens - 2013 - Continental Philosophy Review 46 (2):241-249.
    In this paper the question of the object in Freud’s metapsychology is sketched out from an economical point of view, that is in terms of pleasure and displeasure. This allows for a reading of Pascal’s wager that makes clear what interest Lacan had in discussing this one pensée at length in his Seminar on the Object of Psychoanalysis. The central issue in Lacan’s reading concerns the object a as a stake the subject has lost.
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  • The New Alliance Between Science and Education: Otto Neurath’s Modernity Beyond Descartes’ ‘Adamitic’ Science.Stefano Oliverio - 2013 - Studies in Philosophy and Education 33 (1):41-59.
    Starting from a suggestion of Stephen Toulmin and through an interpretation of the criticism to which Neurath, one of the founders of the Vienna Circle, submits Descartes’ views on science, the paper attempts to outline a pattern of modernity opposed to the Cartesian one, that has been obtaining over the last four centuries. In particular, it is argued that a new alliance has to be established between science and education, overcoming Descartes’ banishment against education. In a Neurathian perspective education is (...)
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  • Belief through Thick and Thin.Wesley Buckwalter, David Rose & John Turri - 2015 - Noûs 49 (4):748-775.
    We distinguish between two categories of belief—thin belief and thick belief—and provide evidence that they approximate genuinely distinct categories within folk psychology. We use the distinction to make informative predictions about how laypeople view the relationship between knowledge and belief. More specifically, we show that if the distinction is genuine, then we can make sense of otherwise extremely puzzling recent experimental findings on the entailment thesis (i.e. the widely held philosophical thesis that knowledge entails belief). We also suggest that the (...)
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  • The Benefit of Regan's Doubt.Robert Bass - 2016 - In Mylan Engel & Gary Comstock (eds.), The Moral Rights of Animals. Lanham, MD: Lexington. pp. 239-256.
    Regan appeals to the benefit of the doubt as a reason to include some animals within the scope of his arguments about the rights of animals. I think the informal appeal to the benefit of the doubt can be fleshed out and made more compelling. What I shall do differs from his project, however. It is narrower in scope, because I shall focus on a single issue, the dietary use of animals. On another dimension, though, I aim to do more. (...)
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  • The Ethics of Belief.Berislav Marušić - 2011 - Philosophy Compass 6 (1):33-43.
    The ethics of belief is concerned with the question what we should believe. According to evidentialism, one should believe something if and only if one has adequate evidence for what one believes. According to classic pragmatism, other features besides evidence, such as practical reasons, can make it the case that one should believe something. According to a new kind of pragmatism, some epistemic notions may depend on one’s practical interests, even if what one should believe is independent of one’s practical (...)
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  • Staying Alive: A Reply to the Commentators on Aging, Death, and Human Longevity: A Philosophical Inquiry.Christine Overall - 2006 - Dialogue 45 (3):577-590.
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  • Alief in Action (and Reaction).Tamar Szabó Gendler - 2008 - Mind and Language 23 (5):552--585.
    I introduce and argue for the importance of a cognitive state that I call alief. An alief is, to a reasonable approximation, an innate or habitual propensity to respond to an apparent stimulus in a particular way. Recognizing the role that alief plays in our cognitive repertoire provides a framework for understanding reactions that are governed by nonconscious or automatic mechanisms, which in turn brings into proper relief the role played by reactions that are subject to conscious regulation and deliberate (...)
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  • Are theories of imagery theories of imagination? An active perception approach to conscious mental content.Nigel J. T. Thomas - 1999 - Cognitive Science 23 (2):207-245.
    Can theories of mental imagery, conscious mental contents, developed within cognitive science throw light on the obscure (but culturally very significant) concept of imagination? Three extant views of mental imagery are considered: quasi‐pictorial, description, and perceptual activity theories. The first two face serious theoretical and empirical difficulties. The third is (for historically contingent reasons) little known, theoretically underdeveloped, and empirically untried, but has real explanatory potential. It rejects the “traditional” symbolic computational view of mental contents, but is compatible with recentsituated (...)
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  • (1 other version)1% Skepticism.Eric Schwitzgebel - 2017 - Noûs 51 (2):271-290.
    A 1% skeptic is someone who has about a 99% credence in non-skeptical realism and about a 1% credence in the disjunction of all radically skeptical scenarios combined. The first half of this essay defends the epistemic rationality of 1% skepticism, appealing to dream skepticism, simulation skepticism, cosmological skepticism, and wildcard skepticism. The second half of the essay explores the practical behavioral consequences of 1% skepticism, arguing that 1% skepticism need not be behaviorally inert.
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  • Search, rest, and grace in Pascal.Jennifer L. Soerensen - 2014 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 76 (1):19-40.
    For Pascal, how are human beings related, or how do they relate themselves, to the summum bonum in this life? In what sense do they share in it, and how do they come to share in it? These are questions that emerge in many ways in Pascal’s writing, significantly in his concept of repos. To answer these questions, especially by elucidating what repos is for human beings in this life, I would like to begin with Graeme Hunter’s “Motion and Rest (...)
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  • Looking backward: Progress in outer psychophysics.David J. Weiss - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):165-165.
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  • A parallel view of the history of psychophysics.Gregory R. Lockhead - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):154-155.
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  • History of psychophysics: Some unanswered questions.Lester E. Krueger - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):149-150.
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  • Psychophysics, its history and ontology.Horst Gundlach - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):144-145.
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  • The evolution of misbelief.Ryan McKay & Daniel Dennett - 2009 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32 (6):493–510; discussion 510–61.
    From an evolutionary standpoint, a default presumption is that true beliefs are adaptive and misbeliefs maladaptive. But if humans are biologically engineered to appraise the world accurately and to form true beliefs, how are we to explain the routine exceptions to this rule? How can we account for mistaken beliefs, bizarre delusions, and instances of self-deception? We explore this question in some detail. We begin by articulating a distinction between two general types of misbelief: those resulting from a breakdown in (...)
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  • The Order of Pascal's Politics.Virgil Martin Nemoianu - 2013 - British Journal for the History of Philosophy 21 (1):34-56.
    This essay rejects two common views of Pascal: (a) that he holds only temporal and contingent standards of justice to be available to human beings and (b) that he is indifferent to all but eternal standards of justice. Against these reductive misunderstandings, I provide a detailed reconstruction of Pascal's political thought, drawn from the Pensées and other texts. I show that Pascal develops an account of two distinct and hierarchized orders of justice: a temporal order and an eternal order. Pascal (...)
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  • You just believe that because….Roger White - 2010 - Philosophical Perspectives 24 (1):573-615.
    I believe that Tom is the proud father of a baby boy. Why do I think his child is a boy? A natural answer might be that I remember that his name is ‘Owen’ which is usually a boy’s name. Here I’ve given information that might be part of a causal explanation of my believing that Tom’s baby is a boy. I do have such a memory and it is largely what sustains my conviction. But I haven’t given you just (...)
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  • The Epistemic Status of Processing Fluency as Source for Judgments of Truth.Rolf Reber & Christian Unkelbach - 2010 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 1 (4):563-581.
    This article combines findings from cognitive psychology on the role of processing fluency in truth judgments with epistemological theory on justification of belief. We first review evidence that repeated exposure to a statement increases the subjective ease with which that statement is processed. This increased processing fluency, in turn, increases the probability that the statement is judged to be true. The basic question discussed here is whether the use of processing fluency as a cue to truth is epistemically justified. In (...)
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  • Idealism and religion in the philosophy of T.l.S. Sprigge.Brenda Almond - 2010 - Philosophy 85 (4):531-549.
    Although T.L.S. Sprigge described idealist philosophy as the stage beyond religion, his pantheistic idealism, while not itself a religion, offers a conception of God that seeks to meet the aspiration of human beings to understand their own place in the universe. While he shared with most mid twentieth century British philosophers a basic assumption of the primacy of experience, Sprigge took this strong empiricist assumption in a Berkeleyian rather than a Humean direction. This enabled him to find a place for (...)
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  • Axiology, self-deception, and moral wrongdoing in Blaise Pascal's pensées.William D. Wood - 2009 - Journal of Religious Ethics 37 (2):355-384.
    Blaise Pascal is highly regarded as a religious moralist, but he has rarely been given his due as an ethical theorist. The goal of this article is to assemble Pascal's scattered thoughts on moral judgment and moral wrongdoing into an explicit, coherent account that can serve as the basis for further scholarly reflection on his ethics. On my reading, Pascal affirms an axiological, social-intuitionist account of moral judgment and moral wrongdoing. He argues that a moral judgment is an immediate, intuitive (...)
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  • Wisdom of the lands of Mount olympus and Mount kailāsa: A coda for Thomas Mcevilley. [REVIEW]Narasingha P. Sil - 2005 - International Journal of Hindu Studies 9 (1-3):99-115.
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  • The analysis of sensations as the foundation of all sciences.J. van Brakel - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):163-164.
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  • Buddhist Epistemology and Western Philosopy of Science.Elías Manuel Capriles - 2016 - Culture and Dialogue 4 (1):170-193.
    Buddhism has always produced epistemological systems, and those of the Mahāyāna, in particular, always showed knowledge and perception to be inherently delusive. “Higher” forms of Buddhism have a degenerative philosophy of history according to which a sort of Golden Age was disrupted by the rise and gradual development of knowledge and the delusion inherent in it, which have reached their apex in our time – the final phase of the “Era of Darkness.” From this standpoint, this paper intends to show (...)
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  • (1 other version)XV—Epistemic Charge.Susanna Siegel - 2015 - Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 115 (3pt3):277-306.
    Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 115, Issue 3pt3, Page 277-306, December 2015.
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  • Re-Enchanting The World: An Examination Of Ethics, Religion, And Their Relationship In The Work Of Charles Taylor.David McPherson - 2013 - Dissertation, Marquette University
    In this dissertation I examine the topics of ethics, religion, and their relationship in the work of Charles Taylor. I take Taylor's attempt to confront modern disenchantment by seeking a kind of re-enchantment as my guiding thread. Seeking re-enchantment means, first of all, defending an `engaged realist' account of strong evaluation, i.e., qualitative distinctions of value that are seen as normative for our desires. Secondly, it means overcoming self-enclosure and achieving self-transcendence, which I argue should be understood in terms of (...)
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  • Human Dignity as a Component of a Long-Lasting and Widespread Conceptual Construct.Bernard Baertschi - 2014 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 11 (2):201-211.
    For some decades, the concept of human dignity has been widely discussed in bioethical literature. Some authors think that this concept is central to questions of respect for human beings, whereas others are very critical of it. It should be noted that, in these debates, dignity is one component of a long-lasting and widespread conceptual construct used to support a stance on the ethical question of the moral status of an action or being. This construct has been used from Modernity (...)
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  • The place of psychophysics in the history of sensory science.David J. Murray - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):166-186.
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  • A perspective for viewing the present of psychophysics.Paul Whittle - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):165-166.
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  • Quantifying, valuing, choosing.Lawrence E. Marks - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):156-157.
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  • Moral Satisficing: Rethinking Moral Behavior as Bounded Rationality.Gerd Gigerenzer - 2010 - Topics in Cognitive Science 2 (3):528-554.
    What is the nature of moral behavior? According to the study of bounded rationality, it results not from character traits or rational deliberation alone, but from the interplay between mind and environment. In this view, moral behavior is based on pragmatic social heuristics rather than moral rules or maximization principles. These social heuristics are not good or bad per se, but solely in relation to the environments in which they are used. This has methodological implications for the study of morality: (...)
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  • The Controversy over Specialism: From Ortega to Morin - Stages on a Journey toward Complexity.Giuseppe Giordano - 2006 - World Futures 62 (5):361-391.
    The author proposes an analysis on a key issue in 20th-century thought: the struggle against disciplinary specialism. This problem is stressed by the reflections of philosophers and scientists such as Ortega y Gasset, Erwin Chargaff, Werner Heisenberg, Konrad Lorenz, Karl Popper, Paul Feyerabend, and Edgar Morin.
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  • Divine Hiddenness and Discrimination: A Philosophical Dilemma.Markus Weidler & Imran Aijaz - 2013 - Sophia 52 (1):95-114.
    Since its first delivery in 1993, J.L. Schellenberg’s atheistic argument from divine hiddenness keeps generating lively debate in various quarters in the philosophy of religion. Over time, the author has responded to many criticisms of his argument, both in its original evidentialist version and in its subsequent conceptualist version. One central problem that has gone undetected in these exchanges to date, we argue, is how Schellenberg’s explicit-recognition criterion for revelation contains discriminatory tendencies against mentally handicapped persons. Viewed from this angle, (...)
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  • Metaphysics and the Catholic view.Dennis Vanden Auweele - 2014 - International Journal of Philosophy and Theology 75 (3):265-283.
    Contemporary philosophy of religion almost allergically reacts to metaphysics. They do so because of the various critiques of the potential reach of reason, which each in their own way argue that God cannot be appropriately approached via autonomous reason. In this article, I argue, on the one hand, that these critiques are furtively inspired by a certain outlook on transcendence, which I call the ‘Protestant view’ and, on the other hand, that numerous contemporary philosophers of religion are slowly starting to (...)
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  • On the construction of psychophysical reality.Mark Wagner - 1993 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16 (1):164-165.
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  • The Intimacy between Reason and Emotion: Kierkegaard's "Simultaneity of Factors".Anna Strelis - 2013 - Res Philosophica 90 (4):461-480.
    This paper elucidates Kierkegaard’s notion of the “simultaneity of factors” in order to reveal the intimate connection between reason and emotion. I begin with the romantic vision of aesthetic education as embodied in Friedrich Schiller, which Kierkegaard himself inherited, though in a critical and nuanced manner. Next, I explore Kierkegaard’s pointed critique of the romantics, namely through his conviction that they had misrepresented the role of imagination to the detriment of harmony in the individual. Finally, I present Kierkegaard’s positive view (...)
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  • The texture of embodiment: Foundation for medical ethics. [REVIEW]David Schenck - 1986 - Human Studies 9 (1):43 - 54.
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  • Making sense: The work of Eugene Gendlin. [REVIEW]David Michael Levin - 1994 - Human Studies 17 (3):343 - 353.
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  • In Defense of Defenselessness: Kierkegaard's Critique of an Accepted Narcissism.David Roberts - 2014 - Heythrop Journal 55 (5):827-844.
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  • On Pascal’s Sentir.Klaas Bom - 2014 - International Journal of Philosophy and Theology 75 (1):2-19.
    The author defends the thesis that Pascal’s use of sentir offers an important entrance to his perception of the human being, while explaining Pascal’s anthropology as an experience-oriented and love-focused understanding of human existence. This understanding of Pascal is based on the reconstruction of an alternative context of interpretation. Not the early modern debates on rationality, but the medieval authors that inspired Port-Royal is taken as the main reference. Reading Pascal’s texts from the use of sentire by Bernard of Clairvaux, (...)
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