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  1. Both Sides of the Coin: Motives for Corruption Among Public Officials and Business Employees.Madelijne Gorsira, Adriaan Denkers & Wim Huisman - 2018 - Journal of Business Ethics 151 (1):179-194.
    The aim of this study is to better understand why public officials and business employees engage in corruption. Insight into individual-level explanations for corruption was obtained with the aid of a self-report survey. The results suggest that the most indicative factors of whether or not individuals are corruption-prone are as follows: the moral conviction they have to refrain from corruption; perceptions of whether their colleagues approve of and engage in corruption; and difficulties experienced in complying with the rules on corruption. (...)
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  • State-Owned Enterprises as Bribe Payers: The Role of Institutional Environment.Liang Chen, Sali Li, Jingtao Yi & Noman Shaheer - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 159 (1):221-238.
    Our paper draws attention to a neglected channel of corruption—the bribe payments by state-owned enterprises. This is an important phenomenon as bribe payments by SOEs fruitlessly waste national resources, compromising public welfare and national prosperity. Using a large dataset of 30,249 firms from 50 countries, we show that, in general, SOEs are less likely to pay bribes for achieving organizational objectives owing to their political connectivity. However, in deteriorated institutional environments, SOEs may be subjected to potential managerial rent-seeking behaviors, which (...)
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  • An Empirical Investigation on Firms' Proactive and Passive Motivation for Bribery in China.Xiaoyu Zhou, Yi Han & Rui Wang - 2013 - Journal of Business Ethics 118 (3):461-472.
    This research investigates firms’ bribery motivations in China. Based on resource dependence theory and anomie theory, we identify resource conditions as firms’ proactive motivation to bribe and firms’ perceived institutional environment as their passive motivation to bribe. We use the data from 2002 World Business Environment Survey, collected by the World Bank, to investigate firms’ bribery in the world’s largest emerging market, China. We employ a multi-level logistic model to test our hypotheses. The results show that unsatisfactory general and task (...)
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  • A Review of The Empirical Ethical Decision-Making Literature: 1996–2003. [REVIEW]Michael J. O’Fallon & Kenneth D. Butterfield - 2005 - Journal of Business Ethics 59 (4):375 - 413.
    This review summarizes and critiques the empirical ethical decision-making literature from 1996-2003. One hundred and seventy-four articles were published in top business journals during this period. Tables are included that summarize the findings by dependent variable - awareness, judgment, intent, and behavior. We compare this review with past reviews in order to draw conclusions regarding trends in the ethical decision-making literature and to surface directions for future research.
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  • The association among bribery and unethical corporate actions: an international comparison.Richard A. Bernardi & Katie M. Vassill - 2004 - Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility 13 (4):342-353.
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  • I Know What I Need: Optimization of Bribery.Yu Yan & Shusen Qi - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 174 (2):311-332.
    Corruption has been a major obstacle to economic growth around the world. In this paper, we examine how firms interact with corrupt government officials either to minimize the impact of corruption on their operations or to maximize their benefit of paying a bribe. Our estimates show that firms know exactly what they need and use their limited resources to bribe only relevant government authorities. In other words, firms are rational bribers who know exactly what they need and optimize their bribes (...)
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  • I Know What I Need: Optimization of Bribery.Shusen Qi - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 174 (2):311-332.
    Corruption has been a major obstacle to economic growth around the world. In this paper, we examine how firms interact with corrupt government officials either to minimize the impact of corruption on their operations or to maximize their benefit of paying a bribe. Our estimates show that firms know exactly what they need and use their limited resources to bribe only relevant government authorities. In other words, firms are rational bribers who know exactly what they need and optimize their bribes (...)
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  • “Corporate Efforts to Tackle Corruption: An Impossible Task?” The Contribution of Thomas Dunfee.Mark S. Schwartz - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 88 (S4):823-832.
    Thomas W. Dunfee, in addition to his many other contributions to business ethics literature, has generated a stream of research that attempts to tackle the issue of corruption. Dunfee's research on corruption includes three primary contributions: the introduction of "Integrative Social Contract Theory" which provides a normative theoretical framework by which to judge the morality of global business activity including corruption; the "C2 Principles", which outline specific content and implementation measures that corporations can voluntarily adopt to combat corruption; and a (...)
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  • The Impact of Situational Influences on Corruption in Organizations.Tanja Rabl - 2011 - Journal of Business Ethics 100 (1):85 - 101.
    The literature states that both situational and individual factors contribute to corrupt behavior. This study investigates the influence of rarely empirically investigated situational factors - the size of the bribe, time pressure, and the degree of abstractness of the business code - on the Model of Corrupt Action that describes the subjective decision making process of corrupt actors. To test the effects, I used an experimental simulation design. Only few effects were found. Thus, my results show a certain robustness of (...)
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  • The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: The Failure of the Self-Regulatory Model of Corporate Governance in the Global Business Environment.Miriam F. Weismann - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 88 (4):615-661.
    The American regulatory model of corporate governance rests on the theory of self-regulation as␣the most effective and efficient means to achieve corporate self-restraint in the marketplace. However, that model fails to achieve regular compliance with baseline ethical and legal behaviors as evidenced by a century of repeated corporate debacles, the most recent being Enron, WorldCom, and Refco. Seemingly impervious to its domestic failure, Congress imprinted the same self-regulation paradigm on legislation restraining global business behavior, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. This (...)
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  • A Review of The Empirical Ethical Decision-Making Literature: 1996–2003. [REVIEW]Michael J. O’Fallon & Kenneth D. Butterfield - 2005 - Journal of Business Ethics 59 (4):375-413.
    This review summarizes and critiques the empirical ethical decision-making literature from 1996–2003. One hundred and seventy-four articles were published in top business journals during this period. Tables are included that summarize the findings by dependent variable – awareness, judgment, intent, and behavior. We compare this review with past reviews in order to draw conclusions regarding trends in the ethical decision-making literature and to surface directions for future research.
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  • Motives and Likelihood of Bribery: An Experimental Study of Managers in Taiwan.Wann-Yih Wu & Chu-Hsin Huang - 2013 - Ethics and Behavior 23 (4):278-298.
    Many studies of bribery acknowledge the important role of bribe-givers, but their true motives remain unclear. We propose that the likelihood of bribery depends on the willingness of an organization to affiliate with local parties or to be successful in a host country, or to have power over local parties. We further argue that different opportunities, either pervasive or arbitrary, facilitate different types of motives that affect the likelihood of bribery. In addition, we investigate the effect of perceived fairness on (...)
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  • Determinants of Bribery in Asian Firms: Evidence from the World Business Environment Survey.Xun Wu - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 87 (1):75-88.
    While it is widely believed that bribery is ubiquitous among Asian firms, few studies have offered systematic evidence of such activities, and the dynamics of bribery in Asian firms have not been well understood. The research reported here used World Business Environment Survey data to examine some distinct characteristics of bribery in Asian firms and to empirically test 10 hypotheses on determinants of bribery. We find that firm characteristics such as firm size, growth rate, and corporate governance are important determinants (...)
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  • “Corporate Efforts to Tackle Corruption: An Impossible Task?” The Contribution of Thomas Dunfee. [REVIEW]Mark S. Schwartz - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 88 (4):823 - 832.
    Thomas W. Dunfee, in addition to his many other contributions to business ethics literature, has (along with several co-authors) generated a stream of research that attempts to tackle the issue of corruption. Dunfee's research on corruption includes three primary contributions: (1) the introduction of "Integrative Social Contract Theory" which provides a normative theoretical framework by which to judge the morality of global business activity including corruption; (2) the "C2 Principles" (Combating Corruption), which outline specific content and implementation measures that corporations (...)
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  • Understanding Corruption in Organizations – Development and Empirical Assessment of an Action Model.Tanja Rabl & Torsten M. Kühlmann - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 82 (2):477-495.
    Despite a strong sensitization to the corruption problem and a large body of interdisciplinary research, scientists have only rarely investigated which motivational, volitional, emotional, and cognitive components make decision makers in companies act corruptly. Thus, we examined how their interrelation leads to corruption by proposing an action model. We tested the model using a business simulation game with students as participants. Results of the PLS structural equation modeling showed that both an attitude and subjective norm favoring corruption led to a (...)
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  • Corruption, Fast or Slow? Ethical Leadership Interacts With Machiavellianism to Influence Intuitive Thinking and Corruption.Muhammad U. Manara, Suzanne van Gils, Annika Nübold & Fred R. H. Zijlstra - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
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  • Recognizing and Justifying Private Corruption.C. Gopinath - 2008 - Journal of Business Ethics 82 (3):747-754.
    While public (or government) corruption has attracted a lot of attention, private (or business) corruption has been relatively under-addressed. A specific form of corruption, namely, paying a bribe to a public official, is easily identifiable as unethical and possibly illegal, but this is not clear in a private business context. Yet private bribery also has serious organizational consequences. This exploratory study suggests that individuals have difficulty in recognizing the ethical connotations of potential bribery, and draws attention to the need to (...)
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  • Denial of Corruption: Voluntary Disclosure of Bribery Information.Susana Gago-Rodríguez, Gilberto Márquez-Illescas & Manuel Núñez-Nickel - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 162 (3):609-626.
    This study explores the rationality behind firms’ decision to admit or deny their involvement in bribery when responding to confidential surveys conducted by international agencies. Specifically, we posit that firms’ reluctance to provide accurate information about their engagement in bribery is at least to some extent contingent on certain situational factors. In other words, we claim that this behavior is context dependent. The paper uses the notions provided by the theory of planned behavior to understand the way in which the (...)
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  • The association among bribery and unethical corporate actions: an international comparison.Richard A. Bernardi & Katie M. Vassill - 2004 - Business Ethics: A European Review 13 (4):342-353.
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  • A Four-Country Study of the Associations Between Bribery and Unethical Actions.Richard A. Bernardi, Michael B. Witek & Michael R. Melton - 2009 - Journal of Business Ethics 84 (3):389-403.
    The purpose of this research is to extend prior research testing the premise that small deviations from ethical behavior lead to even larger deviations from ethical behavior. This study examines the association between a person’s willingness to bribe a police officer to avoid being issued a speeding ticket with their views on inappropriate behavior of corporate executives. Our sample of 528 participants comes from Colombia (90), Ecuador (70), South Africa (131) and the United States (237). As part of our data (...)
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