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Temporal construal

Psychological Review 110 (3):403-421 (2003)

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  1. Distant Temporal Distance and Creative Thinking: The Mediating Role of Promotion Motivation.Peipei Chen, Jinghuan Zhang & Yiliang Qi - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    The present study examined the effect of distant temporal distance on creative thinking and the underlying motivation mechanism. We tested our hypotheses in four studies. In Studies 1-4, participants in the distant temporal distance opposed to the proximal temporal distance performed better on a series of creative thinking tasks: the Alternate Uses Task (Study 1), the Chinese Remote Associates Test (Study 2), the Toy Design Task (Study 3) and the Ad Evaluation Task (Study 4). Moreover, Studies 2 and 3 found (...)
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  • Does the temporal asymmetry of value support a tensed metaphysics?Alison Fernandes - 2021 - Synthese 198 (5):3999-4016.
    There are temporal asymmetries in our attitudes towards the past and future. For example, we judge that a given amount of work is worth twice as much if it is described as taking place in the future, compared to the past :796–801, 2008). Does this temporal value asymmetry support a tensed metaphysics? By getting clear on the asymmetry’s features, I’ll argue that it doesn’t. To support a tensed metaphysics, the value asymmetry would need to not vary with temporal distance, apply (...)
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  • Distance from a distance: the robustness of psychological distance effects.Stefan T. Trautmann - 2019 - Theory and Decision 87 (1):1-15.
    Psychological distance effects have attracted the attention of behavioral economists in the context of descriptive modeling and behavioral policy. Indeed, psychological distance effects have been shown for an increasing number of domains and applications relevant to economic decision-making. The current paper questions whether these effects are robust enough for economists to apply them to relevant policy questions. We demonstrate systematic replication failures for the distance-from-a-distance effect shown by Maglio et al., and relate them to theoretical arguments suggesting that psychological distance (...)
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  • The effect of abstract versus concrete framing on judgments of biological and psychological bases of behavior.Kim Nancy, Samuel Johnson, Woo-Kyoung Ahn & Joshua Knobe - forthcoming - Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications.
    Human behavior is frequently described both in abstract, general terms and in concrete, specific terms. We asked whether these two ways of framing equivalent behaviors shift the inferences people make about the biological and psychological bases of those behaviors. In five experiments, we manipulated whether behaviors are presented concretely (i.e. with reference to a specific person, instantiated in the particular context of that person’s life) or abstractly (i.e. with reference to a category of people or behaviors across generalized contexts). People (...)
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  • Construal-level theory of psychological distance.Yaacov Trope & Nira Liberman - 2010 - Psychological Review 117 (2):440-463.
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  • A Political Justification of Nudging.Francesco Guala & Luigi Mittone - 2015 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 6 (3):385-395.
    Thaler and Sunstein justify nudge policies from welfaristic premises: nudges are acceptable because they benefit the individuals who are nudged. A tacit assumption behind this strategy is that we can identify the true preferences of decision-makers. We argue that this assumption is often unwarranted, and that as a consequence nudge policies must be justified in a different way. A possible strategy is to abandon welfarism and endorse genuine paternalism. Another one is to argue that the biases of decision that choice (...)
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  • Followership, deity and leadership.Micha Popper - 2016 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 46 (2):211-228.
    Two questions are addressed in this article: 1. Why are people attracted to leaders? 2. How are leaders' images construed? The first question is analyzed by using the concept of “deity” as a frame of reference for an “ideal model” of leadership. God as a “screen of projections” can satisfy the believer's fundamental needs and desires, as well as serving as a reference for causal attributions and a provider of transcendental meaning. Using Construal Level Theory, deity, as a frame of (...)
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  • The time travelling self: Comparing self and other in narratives of past and future events.Azriel Grysman, Janani Prabhakar, Stephanie M. Anglin & Judith A. Hudson - 2013 - Consciousness and Cognition 22 (3):742-755.
    Mental time travel research emphasizes the connection between past and future thinking, whereas autobiographical memory research emphasizes the interrelationship of self and memory. This study explored the relationship between self and memory when thinking about both past and future events. Participants reported events from the near and distant past and future, for themselves, a close friend, or an acquaintance. Past events were rated higher in phenomenological quality than future events, and near self events were rated higher in quality than those (...)
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  • The Effect of Psychological Distance on Perceptual Level of Construal.Nira Liberman & Jens Förster - 2009 - Cognitive Science 33 (7):1330-1341.
    Three studies examined the effect of primed psychological distance on level of perceptual construal, using Navon’s paradigm of composite letters (global letters that are made of local letters). Relative to a control group, thinking of the more distant future (Study 1), about more distant spatial locations (Study 2), and about more distant social relations (Study 3) facilitated perception of global letters relative to local letters. Proximal times, spatial locations, and social relations had the opposite effect. The results are discussed within (...)
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  • Not Even Wrong - a view of current science of the mind.John Yates - unknown
    Present progress in mind science is racing away in the direction of denying the existence of human freewill and animal and human sentience. This brief paper attempts to summarise a few brief reasons why areas of present work by prominent authors have departed from fact to the realms of folk psychology and summarises some of the ways in which present work can be put right. An experiment is described and carried out in an attempt to breach a little more of (...)
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  • Mental imagery.Nigel J. T. Thomas - 2001 - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
    Mental imagery (varieties of which are sometimes colloquially refered to as “visualizing,” “seeing in the mind's eye,” “hearing in the head,” “imagining the feel of,” etc.) is quasi-perceptual experience; it resembles perceptual experience, but occurs in the absence of the appropriate external stimuli. It is also generally understood to bear intentionality (i.e., mental images are always images of something or other), and thereby to function as a form of mental representation. Traditionally, visual mental imagery, the most discussed variety, was thought (...)
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  • Emotional Appraisal, Psychological Distance and Construal Level: Implications for Cognitive Reappraisal.Damon Abraham, John P. Powers & Kateri McRae - 2023 - Emotion Review 15 (4):313-331.
    Construal-level theory emphasizes that representing events at greater spatial, temporal, social, or hypothetical distance results in processing information at high construal levels (more conceptual, abstract). We posit that psychological distance and construal level are somewhat separable constructs, and can have different effects on emotion, and therefore, emotion regulation. We argue that psychological distance influences emotional appraisal, such that increasing distance results in lower emotion intensity, which can be leveraged to down-regulate emotions. However, we consider construal level a mindset, which can (...)
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  • The Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) For Meaningful Work.Sarah Bankins & Paul Formosa - 2023 - Journal of Business Ethics (4):1-16.
    The increasing workplace use of artificially intelligent (AI) technologies has implications for the experience of meaningful human work. Meaningful work refers to the perception that one’s work has worth, significance, or a higher purpose. The development and organisational deployment of AI is accelerating, but the ways in which this will support or diminish opportunities for meaningful work and the ethical implications of these changes remain under-explored. This conceptual paper is positioned at the intersection of the meaningful work and ethical AI (...)
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  • Can science fiction engagement predict identification with all humanity? Testing a moderated mediation model.Fuzhong Wu, Mingjie Zhou & Zheng Zhang - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Identification with all humanity is viewed as a critical construct that facilitates global solidarity. However, its origins have rarely been explored in previous literature, and no study has yet investigated the role of pop-culture in cultivating IWAH. To address this gap, this study initially focuses on science fiction, a specific pop-culture genre with worldwide audiences, and examines its effect on IWAH. It hypothesized a direct association between sci-fi engagement and IWAH from the narrative persuasion approach, and an indirect association via (...)
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  • Moral-psychological mechanisms of rebound effects from a consumer-centered perspective: A conceptualization and research directions.Hanna Reimers, Wassili Lasarov & Stefan Hoffmann - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13:886384.
    Rebound effects on the consumer level occur when consumers’ realized greenhouse gas emission savings caused by behaviors that might be beneficial to the environment are lower than their potential greenhouse gas emission savings because the savings are offset by behavioral adjustments. While previous literature mainly studied the economic mechanisms of such rebound effects, research has largely neglected the moral-psychological mechanisms. A comprehensive conceptualization of rebound effects on the consumer level can help fill this void and stimulate more empirical research in (...)
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  • Editorial: Achieving Well-Being—Bridging Psychological Distance in Our Environment.Zepeng Tong & Yan Sun - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
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  • When Moral Tension Begets Cognitive Dissonance: An Investigation of Responses to Unethical Pro-Organizational Behavior and the Contingent Effect of Construal Level.Na Yang, Congcong Lin, Zhenyu Liao & Mei Xue - 2021 - Journal of Business Ethics 180 (1):339-353.
    Research on unethical pro-organizational behavior has predominantly focused on its antecedents, while overlooking how engaging in such behavior might affect employees’ psychological experience and their downstream work behaviors. Integrating cognitive dissonance theory with the moral identity literature, we argue that engaging in UPB restricts moral identity internalization as a result of attempts to alleviate the cognitive dissonance about moral self-regard, which in turn translates into decreased organizational citizenship behavior and increased counterproductive workplace behavior. Moreover, employees’ construal level weakens these indirect (...)
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  • “It’s Just Business”: Understanding How Business Frames Differ from Ethical Frames and the Effect on Unethical Behavior.McKenzie R. Rees, Ann E. Tenbrunsel & Kristina A. Diekmann - 2021 - Journal of Business Ethics 176 (3):429-449.
    Unfortunately, business is often associated with unethical behavior. While research has offered a number of explanations for why business might encourage unethical behavior, we argue that how a person frames a situation may provide important insight. Drawing on the decision frame literature, the goal of the current research is to identify the differences in cognitive processing associated with two decision frames dominant in the business ethics literature—business and ethical—and, with that knowledge, examine ways to mitigate the detrimental influence of frame (...)
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  • Orderliness/Disorderliness Is Mentally Associated With Construal Level and Psychological Distance.Kaiyun Li, Yingqi Lv, Yingchao Dong, Tianze Wang, Jiayi Wu, Zhenxing Zhang, Xinrui Li, Ruikang Han & Fengxun Lin - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  • Climate Change From a Distance: An Analysis of Construal Level and Psychological Distance From Climate Change.Susie Wang, Mark J. Hurlstone, Zoe Leviston, Iain Walker & Carmen Lawrence - 2019 - Frontiers in Psychology 10.
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  • A dual systems theory of incontinent action.Aliya R. Dewey - 2017 - Philosophical Psychology 30 (7):925-944.
    In philosophy of action, we typically aim to explain action by appealing to conative attitudes whose contents are either logically consistent propositions or can be rendered as such. Call this “the logical criterion.” This is especially difficult to do with clear-minded, intentional incontinence since we have to explain how two judgments can have non-contradicting contents yet still aim at contradictory outcomes. Davidson devises an innovative way of doing this but compromises his ability to explain how our better judgments can cause (...)
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  • Building a Bridge into the Future: Dynamic Connectionist Modeling as an Integrative Tool for Research on Intertemporal Choice.Stefan Scherbaum, Maja Dshemuchadse & Thomas Goschke - 2012 - Frontiers in Psychology 3.
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  • Mental time travel in dysphoria: Differences in the content and subjective experience of past and future episodes.Rachel J. Anderson & Gemma L. Evans - 2015 - Consciousness and Cognition 37:237-248.
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  • Judgements vs affective evaluations of counterfactual outcomes.Jens Andreas Terum & Frode Svartdal - 2013 - Thinking and Reasoning 19 (1):78 - 95.
    (2013). Judgements vs affective evaluations of counterfactual outcomes. Thinking & Reasoning: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 78-95. doi: 10.1080/13546783.2012.739098.
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  • Ethical Blindness.Guido Palazzo, Franciska Krings & Ulrich Hoffrage - 2012 - Journal of Business Ethics 109 (3):323-338.
    Many models of (un)ethical decision making assume that people decide rationally and are in principle able to evaluate their decisions from a moral point of view. However, people might behave unethically without being aware of it. They are ethically blind. Adopting a sensemaking approach, we argue that ethical blindness results from a complex interplay between individual sensemaking activities and context factors.
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  • Responses to Ethical Scenarios: The Impact of Trade-Off Salience on Competing Construal Level Effects.Nelson Borges Amaral & Jinfeng Jiao - 2021 - Journal of Business Ethics 183 (3):745-762.
    This research investigates the importance of trade-off salience in understanding how variations in consumers’ construal levels can influence moral judgments. Across five experiments, trade-offs are implied and explicitly made salient, and construal levels are manipulated by altering temporal distance and perceptual fluency, and by using a well-established cognitive method. Consistent with prior research, we demonstrate that higher construal levels can reduce anticipated unethical behavior, when trade-offs are not salient, by making higher-level moral values more prominent. When trade-offs are salient, however, (...)
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  • Discrimination in Services: How Service Recovery Efforts Change with Customer Accent.Jonas Holmqvist & Carol Azab - 2021 - Journal of Business Ethics 180 (1):355-372.
    Discrimination represents an important moral problem in the field of business ethics, and is often directed against minority groups. While most of the extant literature studies discrimination against employees, this paper studies discrimination against minority customers, addressing whether customers speaking English with an accent are discriminated against when contacting companies with a complaint. We draw upon the two literature streams of business ethics and service recovery to address discrimination in the service recovery process, as the recovery process after a service (...)
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  • Citizen Environmental Behavior From the Perspective of Psychological Distance Based on a Visual Analysis of Bibliometrics and Scientific Knowledge Mapping.Li Yang, Xin Fang & Junqi Zhu - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Global warming and other climate issues seriously threaten global sustainable development. As citizen environmental behavior can have a positive impact on the environment, it is of great theoretical significance and practical reference value to study the impact of psychological distance theory on citizen environmental behavior. This study obtained 2,633 related studies from 1980 to 2020 from the Web of Science as research objects, and used CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Netdraw, and other software programs to perform a bibliometric analysis, which can show the (...)
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  • Are observer memories (accurate) memories? Insights from experimental philosophy.Vilius Dranseika, Christopher Jude McCarroll & Kourken Michaelian - 2021 - Consciousness and Cognition 96 (103240):103240.
    A striking feature of our memories of the personal past is that they involve different visual perspectives: one sometimes recalls past events from one’s original point of view (a field perspective), but one sometimes recalls them from an external point of view (an observer perspective). In philosophy, observer memories are often seen as being less than fully genuine and as being necessarily false or distorted. This paper looks at whether laypeople share the standard philosophical view by applying the methods of (...)
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  • Antecedent Factors of Green Purchasing Behavior: Learning Experiences, Social Cognitive Factors, and Green Marketing.Aries Susanty, Nia Budi Puspitasari, Heru Prastawa, Pradhipta Listyawardhani & Benny Tjahjono - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    This study extends the theory of planned behavior framework by introducing three further variables to explain how behavioral intention and actual behavior are induced by situational factors as well as green advertising from the company. Then, this study has four objectives. First, this study will assess the direct effect of personal factors and contextual factors on learning experience and the direct effect of personal factors on subjective norms. Second, this study will assess the direct effect of learning experience on social (...)
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  • Psychological Distance Toward Air Pollution and Purchase Intention for New Energy Vehicles: An Investigation in China.Wenlong Liu, Lele Zeng & Qunwei Wang - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    Air pollution in China has been drawing considerable attention in recent years. The emergence of new energy vehicles provides hope to reduce air pollutant emission. However, consumers' recognition and acceptance of NEVs remain at the early stage. This research aims to explore how consumers' environmental concern influences their NEV purchase intention. Specifically, this research conducted an online survey and an experiment to address the following issues: how consumers' psychological distance toward air pollution influences their purchase intention for NEVs, and does (...)
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  • Rewarding one’s Future Self: Psychological Connectedness, Episodic Prospection, and a Puzzle about Perspective.Christopher Jude McCarroll & Erica Cosentino - 2020 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 11 (2):449-467.
    When faced with intertemporal choices, which have consequences that unfold over time, we often discount the future, preferring smaller immediate rewards often at the expense of long-term benefits. How psychologically connected one feels to one’s future self-influences such temporal discounting. Psychological connectedness consists in sharing psychological properties with past or future selves, but connectedness comes in degrees. If one feels that one is not psychologically connected to one’s future self, one views that self like a different person and is less (...)
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  • Social Moral Licensing.Wassili Lasarov & Stefan Hoffmann - 2020 - Journal of Business Ethics 165 (1):45-66.
    Moral licensing theory posits that individuals who initially behave morally may later display behaviors that are immoral, unethical, or otherwise problematic. While previous literature mainly focused on individual moral licensing, the influences from the social environment have barely been investigated. To address this issue, the present paper develops a conceptual framework of social moral licensing and outlines two main avenues for future research via six propositions. The first avenue entitled “the conspicuousness of moral licensing” considers moral licensing that comes into (...)
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  • “Monkey See, Monkey Do?”: The Effect of Construal Level on Consumers’ Reactions to Others’ Unethical Behavior.Yuanqiong He, Junfang Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhou & Zhilin Yang - 2019 - Journal of Business Ethics 156 (2):455-472.
    This research examines how and why reactions to other consumers’ unethical behavior differ among consumers and vary in different situations. Drawing on construal level theory, the authors propose that the relationship between other consumers’ unethical behavior and focal consumers’ unethical behavior is moderated by focal consumers’ construal level, and self-expressiveness mediates this moderating effect. Specifically, consumers at higher construal levels tend to view their behavior as more self-expressive and are thus less likely to imitate other consumers’ unethical behavior. Study 1 (...)
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  • Is More Always Better for Verbs? Semantic Richness Effects and Verb Meaning.David M. Sidhu, Alison Heard & Penny M. Pexman - 2016 - Frontiers in Psychology 7.
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  • Event construal and temporal distance in natural language.Sudeep Bhatia & Lukasz Walasek - 2016 - Cognition 152 (C):1-8.
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  • Mechanisms of remembering the past and imagining the future – New data from autobiographical memory tasks in a lifespan approach.M. Abram, L. Picard, B. Navarro & P. Piolino - 2014 - Consciousness and Cognition 29:76-89.
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  • The role of the affect heuristic in moral reactions to climate change.Mark A. Seabright - 2010 - Journal of Global Ethics 6 (1):5-15.
    Many academics and world leaders have declared that there is a moral imperative to address climate change. But such claims often fall on deaf ears because the nature of the threat posed by global warming lacks many of the features of a paradigmatic moral transgression [Jamieson, Dale. 2007. The moral and political challenges of climate change. Working Paper, New York University, New York]. This paper explores these psychological obstacles to moral engagement about climate change. I argue that the temporal and (...)
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  • Phenomenal characteristics associated with projecting oneself back into the past and forward into the future: Influence of valence and temporal distance.A. D'Argembeau & Martial van der Linden - 2004 - Consciousness and Cognition 13 (4):844-858.
    As humans, we frequently engage in mental time travel, reliving past experiences and imagining possible future events. This study examined whether similar factors affect the subjective experience associated with remembering the past and imagining the future. Participants mentally “re-experienced” or “pre-experienced” positive and negative events that differed in their temporal distance from the present , and then rated the phenomenal characteristics associated with their representations. For both past and future, representations of positive events were associated with a greater feeling of (...)
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  • Self-other differences in intertemporal decision making: An eye-tracking investigation.Sathya Narayana Sharma & Azizuddin Khan - 2022 - Consciousness and Cognition 102 (C):103356.
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  • How to Effectively Display Sponsorship Information: The Influences of External Time Cues and Information Type on Individuals’ Evaluations.Yuan Zhang - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    Time, an important, yet scarce resource in daily living, affects cognition, decision-making, and behavior in various ways. For instance, in marketing practice, time-bound strategies are often employed to influence consumer behavior. Thus, understanding and mastering a target market from a temporal perspective can contribute to the ease with which marketers and businesses formulate marketing strategies. Accordingly, this research conducts three studies to explore the influence of temporal framing as an external time cue on the evaluation of sponsorship-linked marketing campaigns. The (...)
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  • Rethinking the Relationships Between Time Perspectives and Well-Being: Four Hypothetical Models Conceptualizing the Dynamic Interplay Between Temporal Framing and Mechanisms Boosting Mental Well-Being.Bozena Burzynska & Maciej Stolarski - 2020 - Frontiers in Psychology 11.
    Time Perspective (TP) is a central aspect of human daily psychological functioning, with a pronounced impact on human thoughts, feelings and behaviors. The particular TP dimensions are strongly associated with a range of various mental well-being indicators and were shown to predict as much as 40% of their variance. However, the relationship between TPs and specific mechanisms that enhance mental well-being still requires further exploration. In the present article, we conceptually analyze a potential interplay of TPs and three well confirmed (...)
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  • Working For Impact, But Failing to Experience It: Exploring Individuals’ Sensemaking in Social Enterprises.Andreana Drencheva, Wee Chan Au & Jian Li Yew - 2023 - Business and Society 62 (7):1458-1495.
    Individuals start and join social enterprises to catalyze social impact but may not subjectively experience their work as impactful. In this article, we inductively uncover when social enterprise members question the impactfulness of their work and how they engage in sensemaking to experience their work as impactful. Exploring the experiences of members across two social enterprises with different missions, we provide insights into instances creating ambiguity of or discrepancies in impactfulness and unearth how individuals navigate these in different circumstances with (...)
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  • Red Roses and Gift Chocolates Are Judged More Positively in the U.S. Near Valentine’s Day: Evidence of Naturally Occurring Cultural Priming.Vivian Zayas, Gayathri Pandey & Joshua Tabak - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  • Time Unpacking Effect on Intertemporal Decision-Making: Does the Effect Change With Choice Valence?Quan Yang, Xianmin Gong, Jinli Xiong & Shufei Yin - 2021 - Frontiers in Psychology 12.
    People often feel that a period of time becomes longer when it is described in more detail or cut into more segments, which is known as the time unpacking effect. The current study aims to unveil how time unpacking manipulation impacts intertemporal decision making and whether the gain-loss valence of choices moderates such impacts. We recruited 87 college students and randomly assigned them to the experimental conditions to complete a series of intertemporal choice tasks. The subjective values of the delayed (...)
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  • The Influence of Trait Emotion and Spatial Distance on Risky Choice Under the Framework of Gain and Loss.Fuming Xu & Long Huang - 2022 - Frontiers in Psychology 13.
    In the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, people are often faced with uncertain risky choice. Risky choice will be affected by different descriptions of the event’s gain or loss framework, this phenomenon is known as the framing effect. With the continuous expansion and in-depth study of frame effects in the field of risky choice, researchers have found that the are quite different in different situations. People have different interpretations of the same event at different psychological distances, and will also be (...)
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  • The hows and whys of face memory: level of construal influences the recognition of human faces.Natalie A. Wyer, Timothy J. Hollins, Sabine Pahl & Jean Roper - 2015 - Frontiers in Psychology 6.
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  • Episodic Future Thinking about the Ideal Self Induces Lower Discounting, Leading to a Decreased Tendency toward Cheating.Wen-Hsiung Wu, Wen Cheng & Wen-Bin Chiou - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  • Construing Morality at High versus Low Levels Induces Better Self-control, Leading to Moral Acts.Chia-Chun Wu, Wen-Hsiung Wu & Wen-Bin Chiou - 2017 - Frontiers in Psychology 8.
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  • If You Can’t See the Forest for the Trees, You Might Just Cut Down the Forest: The Perils of Forced Choice on “Seemingly” Unethical Decision-Making.Michael O. Wood, Theodore J. Noseworthy & Scott R. Colwell - 2013 - Journal of Business Ethics 118 (3):515-527.
    Why do otherwise well-intentioned managers make decisions that have negative social or environmental consequences? To answer this question, the authors combine the literature on construal level theory with the compromise effect to explore the circumstances that lead to seemingly unethical decision-making. The results of two studies suggest that the degree to which managers make high-risk tradeoffs is highly influenced by how they mentally represent the decision context. The authors find that managers are more likely to make seemingly unethical tradeoffs when (...)
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