Abstract

Deliberative democracy depends on carefully designed institutional frameworks-such as participant selection, facilitation methods, and decision-making mechanisms-that shape how deliberation occurs. However, determining which institutional design best suits a given context often proves difficult when relying solely on real-world observations or laboratory experiments, which can be resource-intensive and hard to replicate. To address these challenges, this paper explores Digital Twin (DT) technology as a regulatory sandbox for deliberative democracy. DTs enable researchers and policymakers to run "what-if" scenarios on varied deliberative designs in a controlled virtual environment by creating dynamic, computer-based models that mirror real or synthetic data. This makes systematic analysis of the institutional design possible without the practical constraints of real-world or lab-based settings. The paper also discusses the limitations of this approach and outlines key considerations for future research.