Univocalist analyses of the modal auxiliary verbs ('ought'/'must'/'can'/'may''/'will') and the adjectives 'right'/'wrong'.

1. Causal knowledge is an indispensable element in science. Causal assertions are embedded in both the results and the procedures of scientific investigation. 2. It is therefore worthwhile to investigate the meaning of causal statements and the ways in which we can arrive at causal knowledge.