In this article I explain why cognitive science (including some neuroscience) matters for normative ethics. First, I describe the dual-process theory of moral judgment and briefly summarize the evidence supporting it. Next I describe related experimental research examining influences on intuitive moral judgment. I then describe two ways in which research along these lines can have implications for ethics. I argue that a deeper understanding of moral psychology favors certain forms of consequentialism over other classes of normative moral theory. I (...) close with some brief remarks concerning the bright future of ethics as an interdisciplinary enterprise. (shrink)

This article offers an introductory analysis of the philosophical and empirical considerations having to do with the significance of psychopathy, intellectual disability and ADHD regarding one’s moral responsibility. Moral responsibility comes in degrees and is ultimately determined on social grounds. Whether a certain diagnosis and its under­pinning neuro-cognitive impairment affects one’s cognitive, emotional and moral conduct, depends also on social and relational factors.

Традиційна сакральна функціональність релігії в сучачну глобалізовану і секулярну епоху зазнає все більшої трансформації, що засвідчує дослідження в статті П. Яроцького наступних проблем: гідність людини як найвища цінність – антропоцентрчний і теїстичний вимір; розвиток секулярної Європи: католицький і православний погляд; концепція сталого розвитку світу, «екологічна духовність» замість теології індивідуального спасіння.

The authors’ understanding of neuro-programming is the result of the impact on the human brain of information and communication technology, through which in the human brain the programs of manifestation in the ontogenesis of internal creative potentials are written. This article summarizes the history of the formation of key neuro-programming technologies of the human brain as well as proves that the changes in the society’s worldview are caused by the possibilities and quality of neuro-programming technologies that society uses. Having influence (...) over worldview stereotypes and behaviour set by the society, neuro-programming technologies essentially ensure the national security of any state and the peaceful coexistence of states in the regions and on the planet as a whole. Using historical and philosophical methods, methods of conceptualization, systematization, modeling, etc., the authors have come to the conclusion that the modern world lies in a confrontation of security strategies, in which neuro-programming technologies play a key role. (shrink)

The article describes causes and nature of the global anthropological crisis. Positive and negative factor of the development of science and scientific-technical progress were obtained in becoming of the anthropological crisis and ways to overcome it. The main reasons include: the constant increase of population on the planet; unlimited growth of material consumption in the developed world, when there are food-deficit in poor countries; the depletion of natural resources; the overproduction of industrial waste and the increasing environmental pollution. Two groups (...) of human degradation factors were grounded: the economic risks as the result of macroeconomic imbalances and biological ones that is associated with using of substandard products. The article states that a special significance in achieving a sustainable future, as a fundamental survival of installation strategy has the affirmation of bioantropologic interpretation, that has the task to change the attitude of mankind to nature. In this regard, coevolutionary processes were disclosed within the boundaries of intra- or inter-system phenomena's interactions of inanimate, living, social and technical nature, that have invariant character. The invariance is as a mechanism to linking in the integrity elements of the aforementioned systems. Coevolution reproduces the activity of separate systems as an ontological necessity and total natural laws. It saves and modifies their nature and relationship, creates the integrity of self-developing nature. Noospheric safety is realized through the formation of human qualities, that are aimed to the conservation, preservation and development of life and conditions of its existence. (shrink)

In this paper, we will consider the neuro-cognitive systems involved in mediating morality. Five main claims will be made. First, that there are multiple, partially separable neuro-cognitive architectures that mediate specific aspects of morality: social convention, care-based morality, disgust-based morality and fairness/justice. Second, that all aspects of morality, including social convention, involve affect. Third, that the neural system particularly important for social convention, given its role in mediating anger and responding to angry expressions, is ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Fourth, that the (...) neural systems particularly important for care-based morality are the amygdala and medial orbital frontal cortex. Fifth, that while Theory of Mind is not a prerequisite for the development of affect-based 'automatic moral attitudes', it is critically involved in many aspects of moral reasoning. (shrink)

The purpose of the research is to find new ways and methods to substantiate ethic and moral standards as the basis of civil interference into the life of the state. The role and place of the state in social, political and spiritual transformations are not always considered due to the crisis of certain social theories and models of state development. Methodology of the research is based on comparative, historical and logical methods. The applied investigation methods enable to reveal and analyze (...) specific models related to anthropological aspect in social relations used in definite types of state formations in order to find that dynamic outlook on future and personal fulfilment of a human.The scientific novelty is in concept to broaden the representation of freedom evolution of a human in different historic types of states. Comparative analysis of state development and the place of human freedom in them helps firstly, conceive anthropological determinant, the one that gradually places under control state institutions which are necessary for humanization of external conditions of human beings and secondly, find out possible directions of state development and freedom for human activity. Conclusions. Understanding and reasoning of paradigm systems development based on moral constituent of the state is an anchoring point for the reforming state towards human values. The state developing on moral human principles gravitates towards its self-destruction.ible directions of state development and freedom for human activity. Conclusions. Understanding and reasoning of paradigm systems development based on moral constituent of the state is an anchoring point for the reforming state towards human values. The state developing on moral human principles gravitates towards its self-destruction. (shrink)

abstract This paper is an investigation of the moral psychology of decisions that involve a conflict of interest. It draws on the burgeoning field of affective neuroscience, which is the study of the neurobiology of emotional systems in the brain. I show that a recent neurocomputational model of how the brain integrates cognitive and affective information in decision‐making can help to answer some important descriptive and normative questions about the moral psychology of conflicts of interest. These questions include: Why are (...) decisions that involve conflicts of interest so common? Why are people so often unaware that they are acting immorally as the result of conflicts of interest? What is the relation of conflicts of interest to other kinds of irrationality, especially self‐deception and weakness of will? What psychological, social, and logical steps can be taken to reduce the occurrence of immoral decisions resulting from conflicts of interest? I discuss five strategies for dealing with conflicts of interest: avoidance, optimal reasoning patterns, disclosure, social oversight, and understanding of neuropsychological processes. (shrink)

The purpose of the research is to find new ways and methods to substantiate ethic and moral standards as the basis of civil interference into the life of the state. The role and place of the state in social, political and spiritual transformations are not always considered due to the crisis of certain social theories and models of state development. Methodology of the research is based on comparative, historical and logical methods. The applied investigation methods enable to reveal and analyze (...) specific models related to anthropological aspect in social relations used in definite types of state formations in order to find that dynamic outlook on future and personal fulfilment of a human.The scientific novelty is in concept to broaden the representation of freedom evolution of a human in different historic types of states. Comparative analysis of state development and the place of human freedom in them helps firstly, conceive anthropological determinant, the one that gradually places under control state institutions which are necessary for humanization of external conditions of human beings and secondly, find out possible directions of state development and freedom for human activity. Conclusions. Understanding and reasoning of paradigm systems development based on moral constituent of the state is an anchoring point for the reforming state towards human values. The state developing on moral human principles gravitates towards its self-destruction.ible directions of state development and freedom for human activity. Conclusions. Understanding and reasoning of paradigm systems development based on moral constituent of the state is an anchoring point for the reforming state towards human values. The state developing on moral human principles gravitates towards its self-destruction. (shrink)