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  1. Intelligence without representation.Rodney A. Brooks - 1991 - Artificial Intelligence 47 (1--3):139-159.
    Artificial intelligence research has foundered on the issue of representation. When intelligence is approached in an incremental manner, with strict reliance on interfacing to the real world through perception and action, reliance on representation disappears. In this paper we outline our approach to incrementally building complete intelligent Creatures. The fundamental decomposition of the intelligent system is not into independent information processing units which must interface with each other via representations. Instead, the intelligent system is decomposed into independent and parallel activity (...)
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  • Toward a History of Epistemic Things: Synthesizing Proteins in a Test Tube.[author unknown] - 1999 - Journal of the History of Biology 32 (3):563-565.
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  • Measuring the Size of Infinite Collections of Natural Numbers: Was Cantor’s Theory of Infinite Number Inevitable?Paolo Mancosu - 2009 - Review of Symbolic Logic 2 (4):612-646.
    Cantor’s theory of cardinal numbers offers a way to generalize arithmetic from finite sets to infinite sets using the notion of one-to-one association between two sets. As is well known, all countable infinite sets have the same ‘size’ in this account, namely that of the cardinality of the natural numbers. However, throughout the history of reflections on infinity another powerful intuition has played a major role: if a collectionAis properly included in a collectionBthen the ‘size’ ofAshould be less than the (...)
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  • Representations in Distributed Cognitive Tasks.Jiaje Zhang & Donald A. Norman - 1994 - Cognitive Science 18 (1):87-122.
    In this article we propose a theoretical framework of distributed representations and a methodology of representational analysis for the study of distributed cognitive tasks—tasks that require the processing of information distributed across the internal mind and the external environment. The basic principle of distributed representations Is that the representational system of a distributed cognitive task is a set of internal and external representations, which together represent the abstract structure of the task. The basic strategy of representational analysis is to decompose (...)
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  • On operational and optimal iconicity in Peirce's diagrammatology.Frederik Stjernfelt - 2011 - Semiotica 2011 (186):395-419.
    Two different concepts of iconicity compete in Peirce's diagrammatical logic. One is articulated in his general reflections on the role of diagrams in thought, in what could be termed his diagrammatology — the other is articulated in his construction of Existential Graphs as an iconic system for representing logic. One is operational and defines iconicity in terms of which information may be derived from a given diagram or diagram system — the other has stronger demands on iconicity, adding to the (...)
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  • Computers as medium for mathematical writing.Morten Misfeldt - 2011 - Semiotica 2011 (186):239-258.
    The production of mathematical formalism on state of the art computers is quite different than by pen and paper. In this paper, I examine the question of how different media influence mathematical writing. The examination is based on an investigation of professional mathematicians' use of various media for their writing. A model for describing mathematical writing through turn-takings is proposed. The model is applied to the ways mathematicians use computers for writing, and especially it is used to understand how interaction (...)
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  • Number Words and Number Symbols: A Cultural History of Numbers.Karl Menninger & Paul Broneer - 1971 - Philosophy East and West 21 (1):97-98.
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  • The Algebra of Geometric Impossibility: Descartes and Montucla on the Impossibility of the Duplication of the Cube and the Trisection of the Angle.Jesper Lützen - 2010 - Centaurus 52 (1):4-37.
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  • The growth of mathematical knowledge—Introduction of convex bodies.Tinne Hoff Kjeldsen & Jessica Carter - 2012 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 43 (2):359-365.
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  • On distinguishing epistemic from pragmatic action.David Kirsh & Paul Maglio - 1994 - Cognitive Science 18 (4):513-49.
    We present data and argument to show that in Tetris - a real-time interactive video game - certain cognitive and perceptual problems are more quickly, easily, and reliably solved by performing actions in the world rather than by performing computational actions in the head alone. We have found that some translations and rotations are best understood as using the world to improve cognition. These actions are not used to implement a plan, or to implement a reaction; they are used to (...)
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  • Episodes in the Mathematics of Medieval Islam.Jan P. Hogendijk & J. L. Berggren - 1989 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 109 (4):697.
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  • Philosophy in the Flesh: the Embodied Mind & its Challenge to Western Thought.George Lakoff (ed.) - 1999 - Basic Books.
    Reexamines the Western philosophical tradition, looking at the basic concepts of the mind, time, causation, morality, and the self.
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  • Magic words: How language augments human computation.Andy Clark - 1998 - In Peter Carruthers & Jill Boucher (eds.), Language and Thought: Interdisciplinary Themes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 162-183.
    Of course, words aren’t magic. Neither are sextants, compasses, maps, slide rules and all the other paraphenelia which have accreted around the basic biological brains of homo sapiens. In the case of these other tools and props, however, it is transparently clear that they function so as to either carry out or to facilitate computational operations important to various human projects. The slide rule transforms complex mathematical problems (ones that would baffle or tax the unaided subject) into simple tasks of (...)
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  • Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times.M. Kline - 1978 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 29 (1):68-87.
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