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  1. Beyond fairness: the ethics of inclusion for transgender and intersex athletes.John Gleaves & Tim Lehrbach - 2016 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 43 (2):311-326.
    Sporting communities remain entangled in debate over whether and how to include transgender and intersex athletes in competition with cisgender athletes. Of particular concern is that transgender and intersex athletes may have unfair physiological advantages over their cisgender opponents. Arguments for inclusion of transgender and intersex athletes in sport attempt to demonstrate that such inclusion does not threaten the presumed physiological equivalence among competitors and is therefore fair to all. This article argues that the physiological equivalency rationale has significant limitations, (...)
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  • What is the point of equality.Elizabeth S. Anderson - 1999 - Ethics 109 (2):287-337.
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  • The Onus of Inclusivity: Sport Policies and the Enforcement of the Women’s Category in Sport.Sarah Teetzel - 2014 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 41 (1):113-127.
    With recent controversies surrounding the eligibility of athletes with disorders of sex development and hyperandrogenism, as well as continued discussion of the conditions transgender athletes must meet to compete in high-performance sport, a wide array of scholars representing a diverse range of disciplines have weighed in on both the appropriateness of classifying athletes into the female and male categories and the best practices of doing so. In response to cases of high-profile athletes’ sex being called into question, the International Olympic (...)
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  • Deserving to Be Lucky: Reflections on the Role of Luck and Desert in Sports.Robert Simon - 2006 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 34 (1):13-25.
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  • When does an advantage become unfair? Empirical and normative concerns in Semenya’s case.Silvia Camporesi - 2019 - Journal of Medical Ethics 45 (11):700-704.
    There is a fundamental tension in many sports: human sex is not binary, but there are only two categories in which people can compete: male and female. Over the past 10 years, the International Association of Athletics Federations regulations have been at the centre of two notable legal disputes. The Court of Arbitration for Sport reached two contradictory rulings: in the first case, the IAAF regulations for the eligibility of athletes to compete in the female category were suspended on grounds (...)
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  • Simon on Luck and Desert in Sport: A Review and Some Comments.Sigmund Loland - 2016 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 43 (1):15-25.
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  • Olympic Sport and the Ideal of Sustainable Development.Sigmund Loland - 2006 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 33 (2):144-156.
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  • Out of Bounds? A Critique of the New Policies on Hyperandrogenism in Elite Female Athletes.Katrina Karkazis, Rebecca Jordan-Young, Georgiann Davis & Silvia Camporesi - 2012 - American Journal of Bioethics 12 (7):3-16.
    In May 2011, more than a decade after the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) abandoned sex testing, they devised new policies in response to the IAAF's treatment of Caster Semenya, the South African runner whose sex was challenged because of her spectacular win and powerful physique that fueled an international frenzy questioning her sex and legitimacy to compete as female. These policies claim that atypically high levels of endogenous testosterone in women (caused by (...)
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  • Impossible “Choices”: The Inherent Harms of Regulating Women’s Testosterone in Sport.Katrina Karkazis & Morgan Carpenter - 2018 - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 15 (4):579-587.
    In April 2018, the International Association of Athletics Federations released new regulations placing a ceiling on women athletes’ natural testosterone levels to “ensure fair and meaningful competition.” The regulations revise previous ones with the same intent. They require women with higher natural levels of testosterone and androgen sensitivity who compete in a set of “restricted” events to lower their testosterone levels to below a designated threshold. If they do not lower their testosterone, women may compete in the male category, in (...)
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  • In the Halfway House of Ill Repute: Gender Verification under a Different Name, Still No Contribution to Fair Play.Maren Behrensen - 2013 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 7 (4):450-466.
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  • Transsexuals in Sport–Fairness and Freedom, Regulation and Law.John Coggon, Natasha Hammond & S. ⊘ren Holm - 2008 - Sport, Ethics and Philosophy 2 (1):4-17.
    The question of if, and under what conditions transsexuals should be allowed to participate in sports in their acquired sex is becoming increasingly relevant partly because the number of transsexuals is increasing partly because many countries now provide mechanisms for achieving legal recognition as belonging to the new acquired sex. This paper develops (1) an analysis of the justification for maintaining sex segregation in some sports and (2) an account of the rights of transsexuals to be recognised in their new (...)
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  • Where's the Merit if the Best Man Wins?David Carr - 1999 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 26 (1):1-9.
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