THE purpose of this paper is to illustrate some of the consequences of neglecting historical method when studying and writing the history of science. For in such a task history, quite as much as science, must be given its due. The reason is obvious. Whatever else it may be, the history of science is first of all a field of history. To cultivate it effectively, historical scholarship is indispensable. As in any serious historical enterprise, the most essential tools are accordingly (...) systematic bibliography, external and internal criticism, and historiography, by which is here meant the logical organization of historical data and the writing of history. (shrink)