Switch to: Citations

Add references

You must login to add references.
  1. (4 other versions)The Logic of Scientific Discovery.Karl Popper - 1959 - Studia Logica 9:262-265.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1557 citations  
  • Scientific Discovery: Case Studies. [REVIEW]Andrew Lugg - 1982 - Philosophy of Science 49 (1):138-140.
    Review of T. Nickles (ed), Scientific Discovery: Case Studies.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  • Reasoning through doing. Epistemic mediators in scientific discovery.Lorenzo Magnani - 2004 - Journal of Applied Logic 2 (4):439-450.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  • Zur Theorie der Gesellschaftsspiele.John von Neumann - 1928 - Mathematische Annalen 100:295--320.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   28 citations  
  • Principles of Philosophy.René Descartes, Valentine Rodger Miller & Reese P. Miller - 2009 - Wilder Publications.
    Principles of Philosophy was written in Latin by Rene Descartes. Published in 1644, it was intended to replace Aristotle's philosophy and traditional Scholastic Philosophy. This volume contains a letter of the author to the French translator of the Principles of Philosophy serving for a Preface and a letter to the most serene princess, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Frederick, King of Bohemia, Count Palatine, and Elector of the Sacred Roman Empire. Principes de philosophie, by Claude Picot, under the supervision of Descartes, (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   82 citations  
  • Heuristic Appraisal: Context of Discovery or Justification?Thomas Nickles - 2006 - In Jutta Schickore & Friedrich Steinle (eds.), Revisiting Discovery and Justification: Historical and Philosophical Perspectives on the Context Distinction. Springer. pp. 159--182.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   29 citations  
  • From natural philosophy to metaphilosophy of science.Thomas Nickles - 1987 - In P. Achinstein & R. Kagon (eds.), Kelvin’s Baltimore Lectures and Modern Theoretical Physics. MIT Press. pp. 507--541.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   10 citations  
  • An Abductive Theory of Scientific Reasoning.Lorenzo Magnani - 2005 - Semiotica 2005 (153 - 1/4):261-286.
    More than a hundred years ago, the American philosopher C. S. Peirce suggested the idea of pragmatism as a logical criterion to analyze what words and concepts express through their practical meaning. Many words have been spent on creative processes and reasoning, especially in the case of scientific practices. In fact, philosophers have usually offered a number of ways of construing hypotheses generation, but all aim at demonstrating that the activity of generating hypotheses is paradoxical, illusory or obscure, and thus (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  • Context of discovery and context of justification.Paul Hoyningen-Huene - 1986 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 18 (4):501-515.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   55 citations  
  • Symposium on “Cognition and Rationality: Part I” The rationality of scientific discovery: abductive reasoning and epistemic mediators. [REVIEW]Lorenzo Magnani - 2006 - Mind and Society 5 (2):213-228.
    Philosophers have usually offered a number of ways of describing hypotheses generation, but all aim at demonstrating that the activity of generating hypotheses is paradoxical, illusory or obscure, and then not analysable. Those descriptions are often so far from Peircian pragmatic prescription and so abstract to result completely unknowable and obscure. The “computational turn” gives us a new way to understand creative processes in a strictly pragmatic sense. In fact, by exploiting artificial intelligence and cognitive science tools, computational philosophy allows (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery.L. Magnani, Nancy Nersessian & Paul Thagard (eds.) - 1999 - Kluwer/Plenum.
    The book Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery, aims to explain how specific modeling practices employed by scientists are productive methods of ...
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   61 citations  
  • (4 other versions)The logic of scientific discovery.Karl Raimund Popper - 1934 - New York: Routledge. Edited by Hutchinson Publishing Group.
    Described by the philosopher A.J. Ayer as a work of 'great originality and power', this book revolutionized contemporary thinking on science and knowledge. Ideas such as the now legendary doctrine of 'falsificationism' electrified the scientific community, influencing even working scientists, as well as post-war philosophy. This astonishing work ranks alongside The Open Society and Its Enemies as one of Popper's most enduring books and contains insights and arguments that demand to be read to this day.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1196 citations  
  • Theory change in science: strategies from Mendelian genetics.Lindley Darden - 1991 - New York: Oxford University Press.
    This innovative book focuses on the development of the gene theory as a case study in scientific creativity.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   147 citations  
  • (1 other version)Reasoning in biological discoveries.Lindley Darden - manuscript
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   82 citations  
  • The best explanation: Criteria for theory choice.Paul R. Thagard - 1978 - Journal of Philosophy 75 (2):76-92.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   246 citations  
  • Reasoning to hypotheses: Where do questions come?Matti Sintonen - 2004 - Foundations of Science 9 (3):249-266.
    Detectives and scientists are in the business of reasoning from observations to explanations. This they often do by raising cunning questionsduring their inquiries. But to substantiate this claim we need to know how questions arise and how they are nurtured into more specific hypotheses. I shall discuss what the problem is, and then introduce the so-called interrogative model of inquiry which makes use of an explicit logic of questions. On this view, a discovery processes can be represented as a model-based (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  • Abduction as a logic and methodology of discovery: The importance of strategies. [REVIEW]Sami Paavola - 2004 - Foundations of Science 9 (3):267-283.
    There are various ``classical'' arguments against abduction as a logic of discovery,especially that (1) abduction is too weak a mode of inference to be of any use, and (2) in basic formulation of abduction the hypothesisis already presupposed to be known, so it is not the way hypotheses are discovered in the first place. In this paper I argue, by bringing forth the idea of strategies,that these counter-arguments are weaker than may appear. The concept of strategies suggests, inter alia, that (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   39 citations  
  • (1 other version)Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.Richard E. Nisbett & Timothy D. Wilson - 1977 - Psychological Review 84 (3):231-59.
    Reviews evidence which suggests that there may be little or no direct introspective access to higher order cognitive processes. Ss are sometimes unaware of the existence of a stimulus that importantly influenced a response, unaware of the existence of the response, and unaware that the stimulus has affected the response. It is proposed that when people attempt to report on their cognitive processes, that is, on the processes mediating the effects of a stimulus on a response, they do not do (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1528 citations  
  • Inquiry as Inquiry: A Logic of Scientific Discovery.Kaarlo Jaakko Juhani Hintikka - 1998 - Dordrecht and Boston: Springer.
    Is a genuine logic of scientific discovery possible? In the essays collected here, Hintikka not only defends an affirmative answer; he also outlines such a logic. It is the logic of questions and answers. Thus inquiry in the sense of knowledge-seeking becomes inquiry in the sense of interrogation. Using this new logic, Hintikka establishes a result that will undoubtedly be considered the fundamental theorem of all epistemology, viz., the virtual identity of optimal strategies of pure discovery with optimal deductive strategies. (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   19 citations  
  • History and Philosophy of Science: Intimate Relationship or Marriage of Convenience? [REVIEW]Ronald N. Giere - 1973 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 24 (3):282-297.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   42 citations  
  • (4 other versions)The Logic of Scientific Discovery.K. Popper - 1959 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 10 (37):55-57.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1325 citations  
  • (1 other version)Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.Richard E. Nisbett & Timothy D. Wilson - 1977 - Psychological Review; Psychological Review 84 (3):231.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   796 citations  
  • Scientific Discovery: Case Studies.Thomas Nickles - 1980 - Springer.
    The history of science is articulated by moments of discovery. Yet, these 'moments' are not simple or isolated events in science. Just as a scientific discovery illuminates our understanding of nature or of society, and reveals new connections among phenomena, so too does the history of scientific activity and the analysis of scientific reasoning illuminate the processes which give rise to moments of discovery and the complex network of consequences which follow upon such moments. Understanding discovery has not been, until (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   30 citations  
  • Scientific Discovery: Computational Explorations of the Creative Processes.Malcolm R. Forster - 1987 - MIT Press (MA).
    Scientific discovery is often regarded as romantic and creative - and hence unanalyzable - whereas the everyday process of verifying discoveries is sober and more suited to analysis. Yet this fascinating exploration of how scientific work proceeds argues that however sudden the moment of discovery may seem, the discovery process can be described and modeled. Using the methods and concepts of contemporary information-processing psychology (or cognitive science) the authors develop a series of artificial-intelligence programs that can simulate the human thought (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   119 citations  
  • (2 other versions)Scientific discovery as problem solving: Reply to critics.Herbert A. Simon - 1992 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 6 (1):69 – 88.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  • Descartes: selected philosophical writings.René Descartes - 1988 - New York: Cambridge University Press. Edited by J. References Cottingham, R. Stoothoff & D. Murdoch.
    Based on the new and much acclaimed two volume Cambridge edition of The Philosophical Writings of Descartes by Cottingham, Stoothoff, and Murdoch, this anthology of essential texts contains the most important and widely studied of those writings, including the Discourse and Meditations and substantial extracts from the Regulae, Optics, Principles, Objections and Replies, Comments on a Broadsheet, and Passions of the Soul.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   24 citations  
  • Theories of scientific method: the Renaissance through the nineteenth century.Ralph M. Blake - 1960 - New York: Gordon & Breach. Edited by Curt John Ducasse & Edward H. Madden.
    This historical compendium investigates scientific methods conceived between the Renaissance and the nineteenth century. Beginning with attacks on Scholasticism and the rist of the New Science, the authors explain the roles of both major andminor figures in describing scientific methods. Although the chapters are interrelated and contain explicit comparisons, each chapter is a complete study in itself. The authors' emphasis on writing for the non-specialist and their liberal use of primary sources make this an outstanding textbook.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   8 citations  
  • Lakatos.Thomas Nickles - 2000 - In W. Newton-Smith (ed.), A companion to the philosophy of science. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell. pp. 207–212.
    Imre Lakatos (9 November 1922–2 February 1974) is the most important philosopher of mathematics and one of the most influential philosophers of science since the mid‐twentieth century. A Hungarian, Lakatos changed his name from Lipschitz to Molnar during the Nazi era and then to Lakatos (“locksmith”). After the war he remained politically active, as secretary in the Hungarian Ministry of Education. Later he was imprisoned as a dissident, and escaped to the West during the revolt of 1956. He studied at (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   1 citation  
  • (2 other versions)Scientific Discovery, Logic and Rationality.T. Nickles - 1983 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 34 (3):306-310.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   34 citations  
  • Scientific Discovery: Computational Explorations of the Creative Process. Pat Langley, Herbert A. Simon, Gary L. Bradshaw, Jan M. Zytkow.Malcolm R. Forster - 1990 - Philosophy of Science 57 (2):336-338.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   81 citations  
  • The new Organon.Francis Bacon - 2007 - In Aloysius Martinich, Fritz Allhoff & Anand Vaidya (eds.), Early Modern Philosophy: Essential Readings with Commentary. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
    When the New Organon appeared in 1620, part of a six-part programme of scientific inquiry entitled 'The Great Renewal of Learning', Francis Bacon was at the high point of his political career, and his ambitious work was groundbreaking in its attempt to give formal philosophical shape to a new and rapidly emerging experimentally-based science. Bacon combines theoretical scientific epistemology with examples from applied science, examining phenomena as various as magnetism, gravity, and the ebb and flow of the tides, and anticipating (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   95 citations  
  • Abductive inference: computation, philosophy, technology.John R. Josephson & Susan G. Josephson (eds.) - 1994 - New York: Cambridge University Press.
    In informal terms, abductive reasoning involves inferring the best or most plausible explanation from a given set of facts or data. It is a common occurrence in everyday life and crops up in such diverse places as medical diagnosis, scientific theory formation, accident investigation, language understanding, and jury deliberation. In recent years, it has become a popular and fruitful topic in artificial intelligence research. This volume breaks new ground in the scientific, philosophical, and technological study of abduction. It presents new (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   81 citations  
  • Experience and Prediction. An Analysis of the Foundations and the Structure of Knowledge. [REVIEW]E. N. & Hans Reichenbach - 1938 - Journal of Philosophy 35 (10):270.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   464 citations  
  • (3 other versions)Observations on man.David Hartley - 1749 - Hildesheim,: G. Olms.
    First published in 1749, Hartley's great work was abridged by Priestley in 1775 and reissued as a whole by Joseph Johnson in 1791. To Priestley, who founded his Unitarianism on the Observations, it seemed that Hartley was the greatest of human beings with the single exception of Jesus. Coleridge adopted his associationist theology in the mid 1790s, naming his eldest son David Hartley Coleridge, and passing on to Wordsworth the theory of mind that underlies 'Tintern Abbey', the early Prelude and (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  • (1 other version)The logic of discovery.Norwood Russell Hanson - 1958 - Journal of Philosophy 55 (25):1073-1089.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   40 citations  
  • Novum Organon Renovatum.William Whewell - 2018 - Epistemology and Philosophy of Science 55 (2):186-211.
    The text is the Russian translation of W. Whewell’s work “Novum Organon Renovatum” (Preface and Book I Aphorisms concerning ideas), which is the third edition of the second volume of his major work “The philosophy of the Inductive Sciences founded upon their History”. In the text, W. Whewell proposes his theory of scientific method and classification of the necessary scientific ideas as a basis, from where every particular scientific discipline derives. By adopting the structure of the notorious Francis Bacon’s “Novum (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   45 citations  
  • Science and Hypothesis: Historical Essays on Scientific Methodology.Larry Laudan & R. Laudan - 1981 - Springer.
    This book consists of a collection of essays written between 1965 and 1981. Some have been published elsewhere; others appear here for the first time. Although dealing with different figures and different periods, they have a common theme: all are concerned with examining how the method of hy pothesis came to be the ruling orthodoxy in the philosophy of science and the quasi-official methodology of the scientific community. It might have been otherwise. Barely three centuries ago, hypothetico deduction was in (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   84 citations  
  • Abduction, Reason, and Science.L. Magnani - 2001 - Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   119 citations  
  • (2 other versions)Scientific discovery as problem solving.Herbert A. Simon, Patrick W. Langley & Gary L. Bradshaw - 1981 - Synthese 47 (1):3 – 14.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   20 citations  
  • Invention and induction Laudan, Simon and the logic of discovery.Robert McLaughlin - 1982 - Philosophy of Science 49 (2):198-211.
    Although on opposite sides of the logic of discovery debate, Laudan and Simon share a thesis of divorce between discovery (invention) and justification (appraisal); but unlike some other authors, they do not base their respective versions of the divorce-thesis on the empirical/logical distinction. Laudan argues that, in contemporary science, invention is irrelevant to appraisal, and that this irrelevance renders epistemically pointless the inventionist program. Simon uses his divorce-thesis to defend his account of invention, which he claims to be non-inductive--so evading (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   9 citations  
  • Logical and Computational Aspects of Model-Based Reasoning.L. Magnani, N. J. Nersessian & C. Pizzi (eds.) - 2002 - Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   3 citations  
  • Model-based creative abduction.L. Magnani - 1999 - In L. Magnani, Nancy Nersessian & Paul Thagard (eds.), Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery. Kluwer/Plenum. pp. 219--238.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   33 citations  
  • (3 other versions)Observations on man.David Hartley - 1791 - Washington, D.C.: Woodstock Books.
    First published in 1749, Hartley's great work was abridged by Priestley in 1775 and reissued as a whole by Joseph Johnson in 1791. To Priestley, who founded his Unitarianism on the Observations, it seemed that Hartley was the greatest of human beings with the single exception of Jesus. Coleridge adopted his associationist theology in the mid 1790s, naming his eldest son David Hartley Coleridge, and passing on to Wordsworth the theory of mind that underlies 'Tintern Abbey', the early Prelude and (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   7 citations  
  • Lakatosian heuristics and epistemic support.Thomas Nickles - 1987 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 38 (2):181-205.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   14 citations  
  • The impact of Newton's principia on the philosophy of science.Ernan McMullin - 2001 - Philosophy of Science 68 (3):279-310.
    As the seventeenth century progressed, there was a growing realization among those who reflected on the kind of knowledge the new sciences could afford (among them Kepler, Bacon, Descartes, Boyle, Huygens) that hypothesis would have to be conceded a much more significant place in natural philosophy than the earlier ideal of demonstration allowed. Then came the mechanics of Newton's Principia, which seemed to manage quite well without appealing to hypothesis (though much would depend on how exactly terms like "force" and (...)
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   18 citations  
  • Theories of Scientific Method.Ralph M. Blake, Curt J. Ducasse & Edward H. Madden - 1962 - Les Etudes Philosophiques 17 (2):249-249.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   4 citations  
  • Revisiting Discovery and Justification: Historical and Philosophical Perspectives on the Context Distinction.Jutta Schickore & Friedrich Steinle (eds.) - 2006 - Springer.
    This volume thus clears the ground for the productive and fruitful integration of these new developments into philosophy of science.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   43 citations  
  • What Is Abduction? The Fundamental Problem of Contemporary Epistemology.Jaakko Hintikka - 1998 - Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 34 (3):503 -.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   95 citations  
  • 5. Thoughts on the Limitations of Discovery by Computer.Carl G. Hempel - 1985 - In Kenneth F. Schaffner (ed.), Logic of Discovery and Diagnosis in Medicine. Univ of California Press. pp. 115-122.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   6 citations  
  • (1 other version)Science and Hypothesis.Thomas Nickles - 1984 - Erkenntnis 21 (3):433-438.
    Download  
     
    Export citation  
     
    Bookmark   43 citations