. Next, in a chapter on grammar, Liszka explores Peirce's notions of the essential characteristics of signs, their principal components, sign typology, and classification. This is followed by a discussion of critical logic, the proper use of signs in the investigation of the nature of things. Finally, Liszka explains universal rhetoric - the use of signs within discourse communities, the nature of communication, and the character of communities best suited to promote fruitful inquiry.