As the Philippines continues to grapple with the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, new modalities of instruction are being devised by the administration of Rodrigo Duterte, through the Department of Education (DepEd). Among these are what the DepEd provided as self-learning modules (SLMs) combined with “alternative learning delivery modalities” which include radio-based instruction (DepEd 2020). The SLMs and radiobased instruction are the most common modalities of learning, being the most accessible especially for the poor students of the country. This paper (...) will examine the pedagogical and political dimensions of a radio-based instruction. Coming from the tradition of philosophy of technology that emphasizes the political nature of technology, I will argue how the logic of radio broadcasting predetermines a specific pedagogy and form of communication. I will further argue how this predetermined form of communication carries the danger of being an effective support for authoritarianism. (shrink)

An increase in the surface-to- volume ratio and changes in geometry and electronic structure have a strong impact on the chemical interactions of matter, and for example, the activity of small particles changes with changes in the number of atoms (and thus the size of the particles). Unlike today's nano-transistors, which behave based on the movement of a mass of electrons in matter, new devices follow the phenomena of quantum mechanics at the nano scale, in which the discrete nature of (...) electrons cannot be ignored. By reducing all the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the transistor, the electric charge density increases in different areas of the nano-transistor , or in other words, the number of electric charges per unit area of the nano-transistor increases. (shrink)

In addition to that, the presence of particles prevents the selective reaction of internal nanotubes, and this issue of purity confuses nanotubes based on their size, type, or use as macromolecular species. Absorption spectroscopy (NIR-Vis-UV) can be used to check the population of the sample or the degree of grouping of the sample. If how to distribute nanotubes by NIR-Vis-UV absorption spectroscopy is desired, the sample should be dispersed or in the form of a thin layer. Optical absorption measurements provide (...) useful information about the electronic properties of SWCNTs, and this information can be used to study covalent and non-covalent interactions between molecules and nanotubes. (shrink)

In a nMOS graphene field effect transistor, the resistance between two electrodes can be transferred or controlled by a third electrode. In a multilayer graphene field effect nMOS transistor, the current between the two electrodes is controlled by the electric field from the third electrode. Unlike the bipolar transistor, it is capacitively connected to the third electrode and is not in contact with the semiconductor. Three electrodes in the structure of the nMOS graphene field effect transistor (...) are connected to the source, drain and gate, and this action increases the switching speed (doping) in the nMOS graphene transistor circuit. (shrink)

FinFEET nanotransistors are field-effect nanotransistors (metal-oxide-semiconductor) that are made on asubstrate. The gate is located on two, three, or four sides of the channel or is wrapped. The channel forms adouble gate structure. These devices are given the general name "finfets" because the source/drain region formsfins on the silicon surface. FinFET devices, compared to flat technology and using nanowires in the structureand (complementary metal oxide and semiconductor), < a i=8>have significantly faster switching and highercurrent density.Due to the reduction of the (...) scale of semiconductor components and integrated circuits to thenanometer range, in the FinFET nanotransistor, the reduction of scale causes more short channel effects, lessgate control, an exponential increase in leakage currents, severe process changes, and power densities tobecome unmanageable. The connection between the carbon and metal nanotubes used to connect the sourceand the drain forms the Schottky barrier (SB) in a FinFET nanotransistor. The formation of Schottky barriers inthe source and drain of a transistor causes a significant decrease in the drain current of FinFET nanotransistors. (shrink)

Wormhole is a popular tool for interstellar travel in science fiction. It connects two different space-time points directly although such an astrophysical object is not yet observed, but in 2015, researchers in Spain created a tiny magnetic wormhole for the first time ever. They used it to connect two regions of space so that a magnetic field could travel 'invisibly' between them. This article presents a model of making a wormhole of light on the principle of conversion of energy so (...) that light going from one end could come out of another end; hence it can be called a wormhole of light. Materials including solar cell, amplified speaker, one way walkie talkie, alligator clips, light emitting diode, transistors and clapping switch have been used. The method of conversion of energy is used and light is transferred into sound first and then back into light. The preparation of such wormhole of light is split into two parts. One end includes a circuit that would accept light through a box and the other end would provide light coming from another box. In order to utilize a wormhole of light to two locales of room the goal was to make light travel between them. Sound made from light would travel the distance between the two boxes. For this purpose a one way walkie-talkie will provide the connection between the two boxes and thus as a whole it would work as a wormhole of light. (shrink)

nanological gates, in order to design nano-scale computers with dual-scale capabilities. All living biological systems function due to the molecular interactions of different subsystems. Molecular components (proteins and nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates, DNA and RNA) can be used as an inspirational strategy on how to design high-performance NEMS and MEMS that have the required features and characteristics. Considered. In addition, analytical and numerical methods are available for dynamic analysis and three-dimensional geometry, bonding and other properties of atoms and molecules. (...) Thus, electromagnetic and mechanical, and other physical and chemical properties can be studied. Nanostructures and nanosystems can be widely used in medicine and health. Possible applications of nanotechnology include: drug synthesis and drug delivery (therapeutic potential is greatly increased due to the effective direct delivery of new types of drugs to specific sites in the body), nanosurgery and nanotherapy Synthesis and detection of genomes, nano-scale stimuli and sensors (diagnosis and prevention of disease), design and implantation of non-rejection artificial organs and design of high performance nanomaterials. It is important that these technologies change the manufacture of materials, devices and systems. (shrink)

The development of biosensors to measure the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the blood began. This sensor is also called COBD because it covers the surface of the electrode with an enzyme whose constituent is sometimes called (electro-calorie). Later, it helped oxidize glucose. This sensor was used to measure blood sugar. In the same Bapvshandn electrode, an enzyme that has the ability to convert urea into ammonium carbonate in the electrode material ++ ion, NH4, was used to create biosensors that (...) could measure the urea in the blood or urine. Each of these two early biosensors used a different transducer in its signal conversion section . In the first type, blood sugar was measured by measuring the electric current generated (ammetric),while in the urea sensor, the urea concentration was measured based on the electric charge created sensors are made (.Potentiometric) may someday the patient without having to visit a doctor and only on the basis of information that a COBD or Doctor-Board-on-Chip provides, the type of disease has been detected. And then injected into the blood. This will drastically reduce the dosage of the required drugs directly from the side effects of the Effect-Side drug , because the drug is very low and is also sent to the required place in the body. The drug acts directly on a biosensor that converts the biological response into an electrical signal and consists of two main components: the receptor and the detector. The ability to select one biosensor is determined by the receiving section. Enzymes, antibodies, and lipid layers are good examples of receptors. The task of the detector is to convert the physical or chemical changes by detecting the material to be analyzed into an obvious factor that the detectors can select in the type of reaction of the electrical signal. They do not have the perfect .They are electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, and thermal. In the type of electrochemistry the action takes place in one of the following ways: amperometric, potentiometric, and impedance. The most common electrodes used in the potentiometric type include: the Glass electrode, the Selective-Ion ion electrode, and the FET sensitive-Ion ion field-effect transistor or ISFET. In general, a biosensor consists of an immobilized static biological system, such as a cell bundle, a micro enzyme, or an antibody, and a measuring. In the presence of a certain molecule, the biological system changes the properties of the environment. (shrink)

Abstract: This research aims at the design and implementation of an automatic high-performance voltage stabilizer which helps to detect inappropriate voltage levels and correct them to produce a reasonably stable output. The system consists of five dependent architectural designs which involve the power supply, delay switching circuit, monitoring circuit and load changeover circuit using 555 ic which produces the required signal when switched on by a relay to activate the alarm. The system uses a relay to charge the batteries and (...) automatically switches on this supply to supply the loads. It is composed of switching transistors and relay to control the power provided to ac loads, and it has LEDs for indicating the state of the system, 240-220vac/120-110vac switch, voltmeter displaying load voltage, heatsink, and fans for cooling the system. The system protects electrical equipment and machine against voltage surge. (shrink)

The thesis that technology is applied science is called by Niiniluoto (1997) the standard view. That is surprising because the identification between technology and applied science has been widely rejected by both historians and philosophers of technology, including Rapp (1974), Bugliarello and Doner (1976), Derry and Williams (1977), Feibleman (1983), Skolimowski (1966), Vermaas et al., (2011), Don Idhe (2013). The reasons of such rejection mainly stem from the fact that technology has historically progressed without the benefit of science, i.e., it (...) has been possible to design technological devices without the explicit and systematic development of the scientific theories and laws that would explain their functioning. Polish philosopher Henryk Skolimowski has attacked this identification based on historical evidence. He argues that in the development of technology, there are many cases wherein technological designs have supported pure scientific research, rather than the other way round if technology were applied science. According to Skolimowski, some cases that dispute the identification of technology as applied science are the design of the transistor, supersonic aircraft, and the Manhattan Project. However, this historical evidence should not persuade us for two reasons: 1) Rejecting the previous scientific research that served as the basis for the said technological designs commits Skolimowski to anachronism. 2) From a realistic perspective of science, technological devices are not only subject to the principles and laws of science, regardless of the extent of our knowledge of them, but incorporate insights on more articulated explanations that while not available at the time of designing, do inspire our practical and theoretical efforts and guide further work. In this paper, we posit that the cases offered by Skolimowski to motivate his rejection of the standard view are far from being conclusive. To this end, we not only critically assess each case but also identify other historical examples that might be even more promising to support Skolimowski's thesis. Finally, we critically deal with those more promising cases and argue for a deflationary interpretation of the standard view. -/- . (shrink)