The paper is taking up the original research, spanning now a quarter-century, on distinguishing European cultural-historical epochs using the philosophical toolset proper. It is about an application of the phenomenological dialectic methodology within the general Platonic approach to the problem of knowledge and understanding where the former per se turns into the self-correlation of sense, while the latter appears as an embodiment of knowledge over ‘the other’, distinguished from pure knowledge ‘by a measure of reason’ of its holder. Thus any (...) thing considered in correlation with itself as a subject matter of knowledge, appears as its own idea. Correlation of an idea with its reasonable embodiment transfers a thing into the ‘medial’ domain of understanding. It is here that the particular historical comprehension of types for the above ideality, embodiment, and being a holder allows for considering epochs through the lens of ‘epochal’ ontologies. In such acts of understanding, philosophy is responsible for the love of wisdom as a synthesis of knowledge and life in its reasonable explanations, and history – for the comprehension of being in its continuous making, and culture – for the picturesquely personal expression of human history. Thus emerges a kaleidoscope of picturesquely expressed ontologies where various epochs in European history are explicitly distin- guished upon sense-bearing grounds. This philosophical ‘depicting’ shall be preceded by a definition of concept for world pictures as a European thought heritage proper. For this purpose, on the backdrop of such categories as essence, sense, reason, intelligence, eidos, idea, symbol, myth, and name, the author is preliminarily identifying here: Europe – as the idea of arranging vital space under the guidance of personality; history – as a self-realizing being in the making; personality – as an actually embodied self-consciousness; culture – as an expressed mythology of human personality. Hence, the final definition of the world picture as history is typologically expressed in culture. Article received 17.08.2019. (shrink)

Стаття присвячена дослідженню їжі як універсального індикатора соціального буття. Стверджується, що харчові/застільні традиції визначають соціальні структури, культурну багатоманітність і соціокультурну ідентичність. Зазначається, що процес включення в певну спільноту маркується через формування і суворе дотримання застільного етикету та харчового раціону. Харчування засвідчує нерівномірність і обмеженість суспільних відносин, визначаючи простір інтимності/приватності. Трансформація харчових ритуалів викриває діалектику прийняття і відрази, зняття яких здійснюється на тлі культурного усереднення, що характеризує сучасне суспільство. У статті вплив харчових ритуалів на соціалізацію конкретизовано у визначенні функції потлачу й (...) ініціації. (shrink)

The idea of aporia, according to the author, leads to the transformation of Derrida’s philosophy on the basis of a new kind of universalism. This new universalism is based on the principles of relation and difference; it involves the concept of“radically Other” (in particular, in the modes of particularity and singularity) into the field of the Universal. As an essential factor of binarism’s deconstruction, an aporia leads to undermine a paradigm of choice. Derrida substitutes this paradigm with an attitude to (...) “impossible” interdependence of concepts, which, according to traditional approach, are treated as incompatible. -/- The author proves that universalistic potential of Derrida’s thought reveals itself in application of transcendental approach to the problem of universal. Nevertheless, in case of Derrida it is quasi-transcendentalism that unites in itself moments of critics and radicalization of Kantian and Husserlian types of transcendental approach. -/- The paper proves that the idea of aporia has fundamental significance for constituting quasi-transcendental universalism. Interconnectedness (up to identity) of concepts of aporia and experience is evinced, as well as fundamental link between the concept of aporia and basic quasi-transcendental structure of “conditions of possibility/conditions of impossibility”. Within the problem of aporia, as is shown, inherently transcendental overlap between theoretical and practical dimensions is taken place. As is detected, in the discourse of aporia there appears a rethinking of Universal/Particular (Singular) relation: traditional contraposition is transformed into oscillation and overlapping (this rethinking is proper for the transcendental approach). -/- The results of the study, set forth in the article, allow historico-philosophical conclusion about presence, significance and peculiarity of the motive of universality in Derrida’s quasi-transcendentalism. Often remaining implicit, this motive, however, appears to be the driving force for deconstructive thinking. (shrink)

The article by Oksana Horkusha “Interconfessional dialogue in modern Ukraine: impulses, conditions, purpose, subjects, levels of understanding” analyzes the motives, conditions, goals, subjects and levels of understanding of the interconfessional dialogue in contemporary Ukraine. Interconfessional dialogue cannot have a purpose in itself. Different confessions reach agreement only in the process of such dialogue, which are carried out by mutually viable actors who have a common goal, are in the same cultural-historical context, a definite problem, for the solution of which is (...) used by adequate dialogue platforms, methods and instruments. (shrink)

The article examines the national worldview codes as a prerequisite for national revival. The urgency of studying world outlook codes in modern Ukraine is primarily due to the actualization of powerful manipulative anti-Ukrainian processes that often take the form of “hybrid wars”. The purpose of the article is to show how and based on what principles the main national world outlook codes function during important historical transformations. For this purpose, the article investigates two information and cultural fields, which are based (...) on world-view structures of the mythological type – national and imperial myths. These structures have their branched code systems, which are updated and described in the form of mythology, symbols and signs. Two important issues are additionally considered: encoding information through the codes of other systems and the use of different languages for transmitting the message, which may cause its distortion. The components of Ukraine’s image as the main mythological image with the national code base are analyzed. Much attention is paid to describing the basic code in the national unconscious of the Ukrainian people and its differences from the imperial view of the world. The historical retrospective is depicted on the example of the “Cossack era”, the activities of the “Central Council”, the “Time of Independence”, the “Orange Revolution – 2004”, the “Dignity Revolution – 2013–2014”, military operations in the ATO-zone, etc. Modern examples show the influence of actualization of relevant world outlook codes on political, social, and cultural life. The mechanisms of combining and enhancing world outlook codes, actualized in various spheres – politics, religion, culture, in particular, mass culture, social life – are discussed. The author also considers the distribution of influence of these codes on other areas of life for describing the surrounding world by ordinary citizens. The idea of three waves of national revival in modern Ukraine is proposed. Attention is drawn to the possible risks of ceasing the nation-building processes in the present, as well as numerous perspectives should this “wave” be as productive as possible. (shrink)

The Problem setting. General globalization processes on the European continent and the aggressive actions of individual States caused a radical revision of the system of ensuring national security of Ukraine, which transformed in the direction of Euro-Atlantic integration. Dramatic geopolitical changes of the last decade, the military-political confrontation with the Russian Federation radically transformed the whole organization of international relations established after the Second world war. Therefore, the problem of ensuring national security is our country in modern conditions a special, (...) unprecedented, value. Recent research and publications analysis. The availability of scientific publications allows us to conclude that the research of the designated problems is carried out mainly within the framework of political and economic science. Attempts holistic philosophical understanding of the nature and determinants of the direction of development of Ukrainian society in the Euro-Atlantic area are insufficient. Paper objective. The purpose of this article is to attempt a philosophical understanding of the need for Euro-Atlantic integration of Ukraine in the context of ensuring its national security. Paper main body. Ukraine is becoming a more active player in international relations due to its geopolitical position. Modern Ukraine plays an extremely important role in the development of political and economic cooperation on the European continent and in adjacent areas, providing in conditions of extreme military and information aggressive activity of Russia regional stability and security. For Ukraine, the issue of Euro-Atlantic choice is not rhetorical. History cites many vivid examples that clearly demonstrate that their historical-cultural and mental sources Ukraine has always belonged to the transatlantic space. In the foreign policy priorities of our state, this selection occupies a special place. The modern foreign political course of Ukraine for Euro-Atlantic integration implies the desire to become part of the most efficient and effective collective security system, with clear guarantees of their own security. The intensification of European integration processes means more intensive inclusion of Ukraine in international cooperation for conflict and counter the latest threats in the security sphere. The main directions of ensuring national security in the sphere of international cooperation is integration into the international system of security and cooperation on prevention of illegal actions in the sphere of security. The article highlights how obvious the prospects and benefits of Euro-Atlantic integration of Ukraine and its possible risks and threats to national security. Conclusions of the research. Despite the fact that a full-fledged member of the Euro-Atlantic space in the short and even medium term, Ukraine will not be able to become, it can significantly increase cooperation with the countries of the West, which will greatly enhance her chances and accelerate the pace of integration. The course of Euro-Atlantic integration is not limited to declarations and statements. This is a concrete, planned, multi-faceted activity. Being interconnected and interdependent, the problems of security and development of modern society require a comprehensive study because of their joint decisions determine the future as a separate country and humanity in General. (shrink)

The article analyzes the political situation in Galicia late XIX - early XX century. The author considered policy of the Austrian government in the Ukrainian-Polish confrontation. The factors which determined this politic and its impact on the development of Ukrainian national movement in Galicia are determined.

The deals with current situation and scope of labor migration in Ukraine. The structure of migrant workers by gender, age group, level of education and employment were described. The georaphic focus and level of participation of different regions of Ukraine in labor migration, revealed the reasons for this distribution were investigated. The factors of inflence on labor migration and its consequences were revealed.

Досліджується механізм привласнення дизайнерської продукції і послуг, як засіб гуманізації суспільних відносин. Людиновимірність, як наслідок гуманізації дизайнерської діяльності, можна виявити у наступних аспектах: аксіологічному, гносеологічному, соціальному, онтологічному, психологічному, культурному. Механізм «відчуження-привласнення» зводить у соціальній комунікації дизайнера і споживача. Сутнісні сили дизайнера, як субстрат людяності, матеріалізуються у двох формах і відповідно вживаються різними споживачами: а) когнітивній – ідеями, парадигмами, концепціями, теорією дизайну і б) уречевленій – споживацькими речами, художніми виробами і послугами. Сила когнітивного впливу виявляється у ході формування у споживача/суспільства естетичної (...) культури і естетичного ідеалу. (shrink)

An application of diagrams for separating modes of theory development.

The discrete–structural structure of the world is described. In comparison with the idea of Heraclitus about an indissoluble world, preference is given to the discrete world of Democritus. It is noted that if the discrete atoms of Democritus were simple and indivisible, the atoms of the modern world indicated in the article would possess, rather, a structural structure. The article proves the problem of how the mutual connection of mathematics and philosophy influences cognition, which creates a discrete–structural worldview. The author (...) notes that the appearance of writing, symbolic language and the depiction of the picture of the world through mathematics, led us into the sphere of discrete mathematical mathematics. (shrink)

The article reveals the nature identifying of social stigmatization in the process of social transformations. It is determined that at the stage of denial and destruction of existing social norms and rules in the public mind the image of victim is stigmatized, directing of collective aggression against which is factor of transition to a new stage - approval and unquestioning perception of new rules. It's shown the role of stigmatiztion in the transformation of social myths in these processes. The mechanism (...) of social stigmatization of victims is researched through the production of label "subject that carries out violence", the basic marke of which is "guilty." Also it is analyzed how the presence of social groups and communities of victim's attributes acts selection criterion of victims in social stigmatization. (shrink)

In the article physicality's phenomenon is revealed as a contradictory and topical issue of socio-philosophical discourse. The consideration of the theoretical-philosophical and psychological definitions of physicality made it possible to disclose it as an attribute of human-morphemes and the integrity of anthropo-being. Attention is focused on body-transformations in conditions of cyberculture and the main boundary forms of human body-modifications are determined. Physicality is defined through the prism of socio-cultural practices as a way of preserving social man and the main means (...) of individual self-identification. The representation of spiritual filling of physicality is carried out helping of its symbolic-attributive codes of interaction with culture. Physicality is considered as a visualization, a realization of the spiritual existence of man and the substratum of man's creative potential.. After all, man's life values, empathic abilities, motivational attitudes, ideas and vital signs are formed through his physical deformations and psychosomatic states into a person. Person's estrangement from natural development, turning into an immortal and not needing a reproductive update leads to a crisis of humanity and an anomie of universal values. After all, such phenomena of human relations as love for children, the unfolding of oneself through the understanding of others and the definition of fragility and not the infinity of human existence, and generate humanity. And these humanistic attitudes shape the meaning of human life in its content. If this sense-determining physicality's layer of is eliminated, man's existence is jeopardized. The solution of this issue is demanded by modern society without delay and only practical philosophy can offer solutions to it. Physiosophy or samosofia is a new direction of modern scientific knowledge about the spiritual and cultural senses of body and its physiological influences on this process. Excluding physicality – we eliminate materialization's substrate of conscious and cultural sphere of man, deprive the person of his spiritual expression of filling, his symbolic-attributive algorithm of interaction with culture. (shrink)

Attention to the problems is caused by the growth of civil society dimensions of public activity in Ukraine, which, however has a little affect on the civil society. Still it gets not enough money from citizens. The explanation for this, as stated in the article, actually is in closed nongovernmental organizations, which is the lack of open and accessible data about the structure of management, financing, regular reports on activities.

Operation and development of the sugar industry of the Russian Empire in the XIX century envisaged realization of flxible economic, agricultural, domestic, foreign, state, public policy of authorities. Study of flw and the effects of political processes in the fild of sugar industry allow us to understand how was the policy of the then ruling government effective, competent, balanced and professional and how were effective power solutions. The subject of the work is exactly the patterns and consequences of economic, agricultural, (...) domestic, foreign, public power and public policy of the Russian Empire in the XIX century. in the sugar industry. Aforesaid defies research topic, namely «The policy of the Russian Empire from the beginning of the XIX century. to 1895 in respect of the sugar industry: patterns and consequences. « The aim is to study the totality of activities of political life subjects of the Russian empire XIX century, their impact on the object of study - the sugar industry through political and economic instruments [duties, excise taxes, tariffs] to achieve political and economic goals. The historical method used in political science to study political phenomena in their sequential development time, revealing logical relationships past, present and future allows you to explore patterns and categories of economic, agricultural, domestic, foreign, public power and public policy of the Russian Empire in the XIX century in the sugar industry, enables deep and thoroughly understand the subject, describe the level of development policy for the sugar industry, allows us to establish a comprehensive description of the political reality of that time. Fighting liberal, neo-liberal, socialist, social democratic, conservative and neoconservative doctrines in the XXI century determines the relevance of the study, when similar processes occurred in the political life of Russian empire XIX century in direct at the sugar industry. As the result of research is the allocation of three chronological periods, when government policy regarding sugar industry signifiantly changed from rigid to moderately protectionist, protectionist and liberal, due to political and economic factors of the time. The practical value of the work is the opportunity to make a critical analysis of the crisis in the sugar industry for about a century ago, which took place in the Ukrainian lands, development of specifi recommendations, improving the Ukrainian state policy on betterment of the industry today. Supporters of the command-administrative policy, statism and protectionism actively popularize the idea that the Liberal government policy of the Russian Empire on the sugar industry hampered its development in the study period. This opinion represents the best in Soviet historiography. Liberal politics, on the contrary, considering the upgrowth dynamics and political reality, stimulated the development of sugar industry. (shrink)

Problem setting. National Security of Ukraine as a state of protection of the vital in- terests of man, society and the state is based on two main systems – the national security system it self and the system of ensuring national security. At the same time, the majority of Ukrainian citizens have insufficient knowledge about the systemic principles of na- tional security. This has negative consequences for practical activities on ensuring the national security of Ukraine. Further scientific research in this (...) area and their bringing to the general public of specialists involved in the sphere of national security will become necessary. Recent research and publications analysis. The issues of the national security of Ukraine have been raised in the writings of numerous authors. Among them, in particular, are V. Gorbulin, O. Vlаsyuk, V. Goro- venko, О. Dzoban, B. Parаhonsky, G. Sytnik, M. Trebin. The specialists of the National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine work fruit- fully in this area. At the same time, an urgent need is an increase in author’s teams that are concerned with the national security of Ukraine in terms of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine and the transformation of national security in the key factor of Ukraine’s state survival. Paper objective. To reveal the essence, structure, target direction of the national se- curity system and the system of ensuring national security. Determine the socio-political subordination of these systems. Determine the subjects of national security, which are part of both systems. Determine the normative and legal support of the activities on ensuring the national security of Ukraine. Paper main body. The study of the national security sphere of any country requires the use of methodological tools, built on the basis of systematic analysis of complex social processes. Below we will discuss two key systems directly involved in securing society, the state, the citizen: a) the national security system and b) the system of ensuring na- tional security. The national security system is an open, dynamic social system, the main purpose of which is to create conditions for the realization of national interests, to ensure the integrity of society and the state. Its constituent elements are the nation, national interests, national values, activities for their protection, national security as a state of protection of national interests, as well as the challenges, threats and dangers of destruc- tive influence. The activities of society, state, citizens in protecting national interests takes place in various spheres, the total number of which depends on the spe- cific historical conditions of the country’s development, the format of the challenges and dangers facing it, the experience of security activities, etc. In the Ukrainian legislation, the areas of ensuring national security recognized internal political, foreign policy, mili- tary, social, humanitarian, economic, scientific and technological, informational, environ- mental, as well as the areas of state security, civil protection of the population, security of the state border. Thus, Ukraine’s national security is the protection of state sovereignty, territorial integrity, democratic constitutional order and other national interests of Ukraine from real and potential threats. Depending on the tasks that need to be resolved in the process of securing national security, a formal part of the national security and the national security system and an informal part can be singled out. Depending on the subject of national security, which plays a leading role in the analysis of national security factors and when adopting the appropriate management decision, one can consider the national, state and public subsystems of the national secu- rity and the national security system, which mutually complement and control in a certain way one another. Under the system of ensuring the national security of Ukraine in the broad sense, one should understand a set of theoretical and methodological, regulatory, informational and analytical, organizational and managerial, intelligence, counterintelligence, operational search, personnel, scientific and technical, resource and other measures aimed at minimi- zation threats and dangers, guaranteeing the development of national interests, spiritual and material well-being of the people of Ukraine and the effective functioning of the system of national security of Ukraine. The main purpose of the system of ensuring the national security of Ukraine is to achieve the goals of national security. The main function of this system is to ensure bal- anced coexistence of the interests of the individual, society and the state through monitor- ing, diagnosis, detection and identification, prevention and termination, minimization and neutralization of the internal and external threats and threats. The subjects of ensuring the national security of Ukraine are the President of Ukraine, the Parliament of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, ministries and other central executive authorities, the Na- tional Bank of Ukraine, courts of general jurisdiction, the Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine, the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, local state administrations and local self-government bodies, the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the Security Service of Ukraine, the External Intelligence Service of Ukraine, the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and other officers formations formed in accordance with the laws of Ukraine; bodies and units of civil protection, as well as citizens of Ukraine, associations of citizens. These bodies are part of both systems. In this regard, with regard to the power structures of the state used the term “military organization of the state”, which in modern terms changed to the security and defense sector. March 14, 2016, the Decree of the President of Ukraine approved the Concept of Development of the Security and Defense Sector of Ukraine. Another public-management innovation is the proposal to periodically conduct a comprehensive review of the security and defense sector. Case for the implementation of the decisions. Success depends on the activity and purpose of the state and society during the practical implementation of security-defense strategies and programs. Conclusions of the research. The system of national security in Ukraine demonstrates the wide-ranging causal relationships between the nation and the need to secure its secu- rity in a modern globalized world that continuously generates diverse challenges, threats and dangers. This system, based on national interests and values, is a more complex en- tity than a system of ensuring national security. This explains the complexity of the reflec- tion of the systemic principles of the national security of Ukraine from the side of not only the general population, but also the existing politics. Both systems are in a state of dynamic development. They did not acquire the final forms. This could not have happened due to the complexity of the processes of nation- building in modern Ukraine, the lack of certainty of national interests, the superficial nature of their legal consolidation, and the lack of experience of ensuring the national security of independent Ukraine. Legislation on national security and defense of Ukraine is gaining more and more Western character. An indication of this is the active use of the term «security and defense sector» instead of the “military organization of the state”. (shrink)

В статті дається аналіз проблем, коли людство опинилося на порозі екологічної катастрофи. Розкриваються шляхи, які вбачають вчені для виходу людства з екологічної кризи, а саме необхідність формування нового екологічного мислення і перебудови свідомості на гуманістичних началах. Розкривається вплив науково-технічного прогресу та науково-технічної революції на навколишнє середовище, що породжує багато проблем, та перспективи виживання людства. Робиться висновок, що така модель розвитку і відповідний їй характер споживання не є стійким для економічного зростання. Все це призводить до ризиків і дисбалансів, які однаковою мірою (...) загрожують і багатим, і бідним. (shrink)

Розглянуто проблеми та потенціал розвитку соціального підприємництва в Україні.