Un viaggio nell'opera filosofica, narratologica e poetologica di Ingeborg Bachmann che include i radiodrammi e i saggi radiofonici.

Un'esplorazione tra la storia scritta e la storia dei senza storia, alla ricerca di elementi che possano disfare le trame e le dialettiche del comando/assenso.

Un'esplorazione tra la storia scritta e la storia dei senza storia, alla ricerca di elementi che possano disfare le trame e le dialettiche del comando/assenso.

Farben sind für uns sowohl objektive, als auch phänomenale Eigenschaften. In seinem Buch argumentiert Fabian Dorsch, daß keine ontologische Theorie der Farben diesen beiden Seiten unseres Farbbegriffes gerecht werden k ann. Statt dessen sollten wir akzeptieren, daß letzterer sich auf zwei verschiedene Arten von Eigenschaften bezieht: die repräsentierten Reflektanzeigenschaften von Gegenständen und die qualitativen Eigenschaften unserer Farbwahrnehmungen, die als sinnliche Gegebenheitsweisen ersterer fungieren. Die Natur der Farben gibt einen detaillierten Überblick über die zeitgenössischen philosophischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Theorien der Farben und (...) bietet sich aufgrund seines systematischen und umfassenden Charakters auch als ein seminar- oder vorlesungsbegleitendes Textbuch an. (shrink)

Non è un caso che l’enhancement umano, cioè il potenziamento di capacità fisiche, cognitive ed emotive degli esseri umani con l’ausilio di tecnologie, sia diventato un tema centrale nei dibattiti etico-applicativi e nei tentativi contemporanei di arrivare a una comprensione più adeguata della natura umana. In esso si incontrano quesiti decisamente ricchi e complessi, sia dal punto di vista tecnoscientifico e medico sia da quello filosofico – e lo fanno in un modo che ci permette di vedere questi quesiti sotto (...) una nuova luce. Il numero raccoglie alcune voci italiane, tedesche, inglesi e statunitensi su diversi aspetti della problematica dell’enhancement umano. Tra le tematiche discusse troviamo il potenziamento genetico, le dimensioni etiche dell’enhancement, la relazione uomo-tecnologia, il cosiddetto enhancement morale, la relazione tra enhancement ed eugenetica, la distinzione tra potenziamento e terapia e la rilevanza delle neuroscienze per lo sviluppo futuro delle bio-tecnologie, della medicina e dell’etica. (shrink)

Bergson's famous study of the philosophical implications of biological evolutionary theory, presenting the idea of a creative life force shaping both the world and itself.

In 1890 Christian von Ehrenfels published his classic paper "Über 'Gestaltqualitäten'", the first systematic investigation of the philosophy and psychology of Gestalt. Ehrenfels thereby issued an important challenge to the psychological atomism that was still predominant in his day. His paper not only exerted a powerful influence on the philosophy of the Meinong school, it also marked the beginning of the Gestalt tradition in psychology, later associated with the work of Wertheimer, Köhler and Koffka in Berlin. Includes papers by C. (...) Von Ehrenfels, Kurt Grelling and Paul Oppenheim and contributions by K. Mulligan, P.M. Simons and Barry Smith. (shrink)

Dialogical logic is a game-theoretical approach to logic. Logic is studied with the help of certain games, which can be thought of as idealized argumentations. Two players, the Proponent, who puts forward the initial thesis and tries to defend it, and the Opponent, who tries to attack the Proponent’s thesis, alternately utter argumentative moves according to certain rules. For a long time the dialogical approach had been worked out only for classical and intuitionistic logic. The seven papers of this dissertation (...) show that this narrowness was uncalled for. The initial paper presents an overview and serves as an introduction to the other papers. Those papers are related by one central theme. As each of them presents dialogical formulations of a different non-classical logic, they show that dialogical logic constitutes a powerful and flexible general framework for the development and study of various logical formalisms and combinations thereof. As such it is especially attractive to logical pluralists that reject the idea of “the single correct logic”. The collection contains treatments of free logic, modal logic, relevance logic, connexive logic, linear logic, and multi-valued logic. (shrink)

Environmental historians are not sufficiently aware of the extent to which mid twentieth-century thinkers turned to medical geography—originally a nineteenth-century area of study—in order to think through ideas of ecology, environment, and historical reasoning. This article outlines how the French–Croatian Mirko D. Grmek, a major thinker of his generation in the history of medicine, used those ideas in his studies of historical epidemiology. During the 1960s, Grmek attempted to provide, in the context of the Annales School’s research program under the (...) leadership of Fernand Braudel, a new theoretical framework for a world history of disease. Its development was inspired by several sources, most notably the French–American Jacques M. May, who was then pioneering an opening up of medical geography and movement towards the concept of disease ecology. The cornerstone of Grmek’s “synthetic approach” to the field was the notion of “pathocenosis”. The diverse uses of this notion in the course of time—from his early agenda focused on a longue durée history of diseases in Western Antiquity to his last, relating to the new epidemiological threat of emerging infectious diseases, specifically HIV/aids—enables us firstly, to note how concepts of ecology sat uneasily alongside those of medical geography; secondly, to assess the reach and limits of his theoretical contribution to historical epidemiology; and thirdly, to understand better the uneven fortunes of his concept of pathocenosis at the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first centuries. (shrink)

In the area of interest of the present dissertation it has been tried to examine the meanings that the notion of autarkeia acquires in the philosophical thought of Aristotle, dealing initially with the problems concerning the ethical and political aspects of the term, that is the meaning that it acquires when it is referred to mankind, which on the other hand had already been examined by scholars, and then linger over the aspects of biology and Metaphysics. Just these latter, in (...) fact, until now had not been taken in consideration in a principal manner by scholars, and it is also because of this that it had explicitly been tried to conduct a research on autarkeia as most complete as possible, that is such to consider all of its recurrences in Aristotle. (shrink)

In this article the spread of demonstrations - a political activity that situates itself in the middle on the scale of conventional - unconventional political action - is studied. The rare survey of the effective participation in demonstrations in Belgium shows that it is rather high. An extensive minority of some 20 to 25% ofthe Belgians declares to have participated in a demonstration. These figures modify the image of the passive, indifferent citizen that research of conventional political participation has shown. (...) The spread of the participation in demonstrations according to age and professional activity, moreover, differs from the pattern found in conventional participation. Demonstrating is typical behaviour of the younger age-categories and therefore of students, but also of farmers, blue collar workers and lower-ranked white collar workers.From this survey follow a number of results connected to the use of demonstrations and the number of demonstrators during the period 1953-74. Related statistics indicate that the number of demonstrations and demonstrators increases, the latter not to the same extent as the farmer however. Furthermore it appears that students, labor unions and agricultural organizations have often come to the streets to enforce their demands. Thematically speaking, particularly problems related to traditional cleavages in Belgian polities have been theobject of demonstrations: ideological, socio-economic and linguistic issues. Organizations active in the area of this cleavages are able to mobilize a great number ofdemonstrators. These organizations are for the most part pillarized and structurally well-developed. Nevertheless the division between issues and organizations during the period 1953-74 has become less unequal. During the sixties and the early seventies the share of traditional cleavages in the number of demonstrations and demonstrators is becoming smaller. New organizations areusing demonstrations more and more to put new issues on the political agenda. They have, however, not the same power to mobilise as do the pillarized organizations. (shrink)

La notion de déprise joue un rôle central dans le traitement de la subjectivité chez Michel Foucault. Notre objectif est d’établir que cette notion ne peut pas être réduite à une économie du soi, comme il est communement admis par les commentateurs de son oeuvre. Dans ce sens, il faudrait la distinguer à la fois du souci de soi et de la pratique de la sagesse. De manière positive, il s’agit de montrer que la déprise joue plutôt comme modalité politique (...) de désubjectivation. L’analyse de la stultitia chez Sénèque nous permettra de montrer que la déprise est investie non pas comme modalité de subjectivation, mais comme pratique de disqualification de soi. (shrink)

In this PhD thesis I investigate the problem of free will and imputability, considered in relation to neuroscientific discoveries about how the brain works and the use of neuroimaging techniques. In particular, my attention will be focused on the possible effects in legal theory and pratice of a reductionist and deterministic concept of the brain. After a presentation of the debate in Italy and the United States, the thesis is divided in two parts. In the first one, it is highlighted (...) how in the legal field there are spaces in which neuroscience could be a useful form of knowledge in order to solve the issues that other branches of science can not answer. This is particularly true in the criminal context. The assessment of the mental inability at the time of the offense, until a few years ago, was the result of the interpretation of the legal proofs in the light of psychiatric and psychological contests. In 2005, the Italian Supreme Court (Cassazione Penale a Sezioni Unite) with ruling no. 9163 stepped in to bring order into the confused subject of mental illness, including among these personality disorders. Nevertheless, the crisis of psychiatry and its inability to provide a single definition of mental anomaly opened a passage for the introduction in the courtroom, through expertises or technical advices, the contribution of neuroscience in identifying cognitive and volitional capacity of the accused person. In particular, through the use of instruments with which it is possible to observe the operation in place in the synapses which link the very large number of cells that form the brain. It is argued that the reference to only neuroscientific knowledge could lead to a double risk: on the one hand taking responsibility away from the offender, identifying brain structure as the true perpetrator of the crime, on the other hand in removing subjective narration of mental states, replaced by a functional "snapshot" of the brain. In the second part of the thesis, in order to avoid the danger of a reduction of the offender to a mere object, I define and discuss the acquisitions of this new branch in terms of knowledge of will and free will, through the comparison of two important authors in the field: Libet and Wegner. The two scholars come to different conclusions: the first maintains the illusion of conscious will, the second says that free will is expressed in the free veto. I considered necessary to propose a third way, offered by the classical wisdom of ancient Greece, in particular from Aristotelian and Platonic knowledge, to suggest a different possibility for the manifestation of the will and the "self". In the light of the comparison between neuroscience and knowledge offered in modernity and classicism, I found a limit to the possible deterministic and reductionist drift about the knowledge of the brain in the "care and narration of the self" as a way to rediscover the authentic and original value of the person. I tried, therefore, to recover the narration that has always distinguished the expertise, thinking about how you can structure the relationship between psychiatrist and the person accused, in order to restore the balance between empirical-scientific elements and dialogic elements in the process. Therefore, to understand the authentic and original character of the psyche (and of freedom) it is necessary to refer to the relationship with the other and to the dimension of man that can be objectified. (shrink)